肝囊性包虫病的CT表现与临床病理改变的相关性研究

目的:探讨通过肝囊性包虫病的CT表现判断其临床病理改变的应用价值。方法:对CT诊断并经手术病理证实的558例共691个肝包囊的CT表现及术中所见进行回顾性分析。结果:CL和CE1型CT示密度均匀的单房囊肿,CL型囊壁不显示,术中见囊液清澈透明。CE2型CT示多子囊表现,呈"车轮征"、"蜂房征",术中见无色半透明葡萄状子囊,母囊及子囊液清澈透明。CE3型CT示内囊塌陷于囊内呈"水蛇征"、"飘带征",子囊囊肿CT示母囊密度升高,术中见破裂内囊或子囊卷曲并漂浮于混浊或胶冻样囊液中。CE4型CT示近似良性肿瘤影像,囊内密度均匀或呈条索状高密度影,术中见坏死破裂的内囊和子囊折叠、迂曲于囊内,呈胶冻样或干酪样。CE5型病灶大面积钙化。各型包虫及4种不同性状(液性、胶冻样、干酪样及钙化)母囊内的CT值差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。母囊与子囊的CT值差异有显著性(P<0.001)。结论:囊性肝包虫病在CT扫描中,特定时期出现特殊的影像学表现,原因多种多样;熟悉该特点有助于提高对该病的认识,使手术治疗更加精确。     

肺棘球蚴病囊肿破裂后不典型X线与CT表现(附16例报告)

目的:探讨非典型性肺棘球蚴病X线与CT表现特点,提高诊断的准确性。材料与方法:回顾分析经手术病理证实的16例非典型性肺棘球蚴病X线与CT资料。结果:本组患者16例,男9例,女7例,年龄36-55岁,平均年龄45.5岁。5例发生在左上肺,4例发生在左下肺,7例发生在右肺,均行X线检查与CT平扫,9例为左肺包虫囊肿破裂,囊肿内有液平,液平中部有阴影突出,呈水上浮莲征;空洞内见包虫破裂塌陷层叠状软组织密度灶。结论:非典型性肺棘球蚴病多具有特征性的X线与CT表现。     

肝包虫的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：分析肝囊性包虫和泡性包虫的CT表现。讨论CT对肝包虫的诊断价值。方法：通过经手术证实的100例包虫病的CT表现进行分析。结果：肝囊性包虫65例，单房性包虫囊肿38例，多房性包虫囊肿20例，含子囊性包虫42例。钙化30例，合并感染7例，破例7例。肝泡性包虫5例。大多成密度不均匀的低密度浸润灶，病灶边界不清，包膜不明显，大部分有钙化。结论：CT对肝包虫的分析及鉴别诊断都有较高的诊断价值。是肝包虫术前诊断的重要手段。     

胸腺囊肿的影像学诊断

目的:探讨分析胸腺囊肿的X线、CT征像,以提高对纵隔区肿块占位性病变的影像学诊断。材料与方法:回顾性分析我院2003年3月至2008年3月以来7例经手术病理证实的胸腺囊肿X线平片、CT表现。结果:3例表现为前上纵隔类园形密度增高块影。1例表现为边缘清晰、密度不均匀、单房的囊性密度肿块影。3例表现为囊壁边缘钙化。3例行CT增强扫描表现为囊壁变薄,囊内无强化。结论:影像学诊断,特别是CT检查是诊断胸腺囊肿病变的重要方法,能够清楚显示肿块内部特征与纵隔邻近结构的关系,对胸腺囊肿术前检查具有重要的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。     

CT诊断肝脏包虫病的价值及误诊分析

目的：探讨CT检查在肝脏包虫病诊断中的价值,并进行误诊分析。方法：收集经病理证实的18例肝脏包虫病病例,并以术后病理结果为金标准,回顾分析患者的CT影像特点,并评估CT检查诊断肝脏包虫病的价值。结果：18例肝脏包虫病患者中,经CT检查准确诊断者为14例,CT诊断准确率为77.8%,另4例患者分别被误诊为肝囊肿2例,血管瘤1例,肝癌1例。肝细粒棘球蚴病患者为17例,其中单纯囊肿型9例,CT图像上表现为肝内囊性低密度灶,单发或多发,呈圆形或类圆形,其中2例可见囊壁弧形或蛋壳样钙化,长短、厚薄不一;1例囊内钙化,CT图像上表现为类圆形或球形钙化灶;1例为多发钙化,既可见囊壁钙化型,也可见球形钙化灶型;含子囊型6例,表现为囊中囊、轮状或蜂窝状改变;混合型1例,可见钙化型病灶及含子囊型病灶。合并感染后,患者的CT表现为囊内密度增高,囊壁增厚。肝泡状棘球蚴病患者1例,CT平扫表现为密度不均匀,边界模糊的斑片低密度影,并伴肺播散,该例CT表现为肝内病灶范围广泛、两肺多发类似病灶,被误诊为原发性肝癌伴两肺转移。另有2例患者的CT表现为病灶单发囊性病灶,无囊壁,增强CT图像上未见强化,被误诊为肝囊肿;1例患者的CT表现可见球形钙化,被误诊为硬化性血管瘤。结论：CT检查能准确显示肝包虫病的类型、发生部位、范围和程度,但表现为单纯囊肿型时,需要与肝囊肿鉴别;肝泡状棘球蚴病的影像学表现复杂,需与原发性肝癌鉴别。     

超声及CT对囊性肝包虫病的分型在诊治中的价值探讨

目的探讨超声及CT对囊性肝包虫病的分型及其在临床诊治中的价值。方法回顾性分析我院105例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的肝包虫囊肿患者的超声和CT图像资料,根据WHO超声分型标准对其进行分型,总结每种分型的超声图像特征;以手术结果为标准,比较超声和CT测得的包虫囊肿最大径。结果肝包虫囊肿CE1型9例,CE2型13例,CE3a型12例,CE3b型24例,CE4型22例,CE5型25例。其中CE1型主要表现为单房的类圆形囊性团块,囊壁增厚,呈"双壁征";CE2型主要表现为多房囊性团块,呈"蜂窝样"或"玫瑰花瓣样";CE3a型主要表现为内、外囊壁分离,呈"水中百合征";CE3b型母囊以实性成分为主,其内可见子囊回声;CE4型主要表现为囊肿实变,内无子囊回声;CE5型主要表现为囊壁钙化。超声和CT测得包虫囊肿最大径分别为(10.50±5.37)cm和(9.90±5.04)cm,与术后标本测值(10.50±5.64)cm比较,差异均无统计学差异。结论超声和CT能通过分型反映不同时期包虫囊肿的病理变化,对囊性肝包虫病的临床诊治具有重要价值。     

小儿体部棘球蚴病CT表现

目的探讨小儿体部棘球蚴病的CT表现特点。方法经手术及病理证实的20例小儿体部棘球蚴病,其中单发棘球蚴病7例,多发棘球蚴病13例,共有32个囊肿,包括肝包虫囊肿17个,肺包虫囊肿9个,腹腔包虫囊肿4个,颈部包虫囊肿1个,胸膜包虫囊肿1个。20例患儿全部接受CT扫描,其中14例同时接受增强扫描。结果 20例患儿32个病灶中,21个表现为单纯性囊肿,11个呈囊肿破裂表现,未见钙化和多子囊征象。结论小儿体部棘球蚴病以多发和单纯性囊肿为主,CT表现特点与成人棘球蚴病存在差异。     

肺隔离症的CT表现

目的:研究肺隔离症的CT表现及其临床应用价值。材料与方法:收集经手术及病理证实的肺隔离症18例,其中肺内型16例,肺外型2例。全部病例均作胸部CT扫描,8例病灶薄层增强扫描。结果:18例患者的病灶均位于两下肺后基底段。呈囊性病灶5例,实性病灶4例,囊实性病灶9例,病灶周围有肺气肿9例,在CT片上18例中有13例显示有异常供血动脉。结论:CT在诊断肺隔离症上具有较高的价值,特别是能显示供血血管。     

女性盆腔包虫囊肿的超声表现及其分型

目的探讨女性盆腔包虫病的超声表现及其分型。方法回顾性分析40例经超声诊断及手术病理证实的盆腔包虫病患者的影像学资料，分析超声表现及各型特征。结果40例中6例单发型包虫囊肿声像图表现为盆腔圆形或类圆形囊肿，伴增厚的囊壁回声；11例多发型包虫囊肿，在盆腔内有2个以上包虫囊肿，呈“囊连囊”征象；15例子囊型包虫囊肿，在母囊无回声区内见多个大小不等环形中强回声，形成“囊中囊”征象；5例感染型包虫囊肿表现囊内絮状不均的回声；3例破裂型包虫囊肿显示内囊塌陷，囊内显示条状回声。结论超声检查能显示女性盆腔包虫病部位和形态，为手术治疗提供可靠的影像学依据。     

肝包虫囊肿的CT诊断

目的：分析了肝包虫的CT表现,讨论了CT对肝包虫的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的肝包虫囊肿患者的CT表现。结果：35例肝包虫共41个包虫囊肿。单房性包虫囊肿28个,其中无钙化的16个,有钙化的6个,囊肿合并内在性破裂6个;多房性包虫囊肿13个,其中无并发症的6例,有并发症的7例;有并发症的多房性包虫囊肿中交通性破裂4个,直接破裂3个,其中5个合并细菌感染,35例患者CT术前正确诊断率为97．1％,结论：CT对各型肝包虫均有较高的诊断价值,有选择地行CT检查能为肝包虫的治疗提供更好的影像依据。     

Cerebral hydatid cysts in children.

A parasitic tapeworm, called Taneia Echinococcus, causes hydatid disease. Hydatid disease is endemic in sheep and cattle-raising areas of the world. Hydatid disease of the central nervous system constitutes 2%-3% of all reported cases of hydatid cysts. In our institution, 23 children underwent surgery for intracranial hydatid cysts between 1979 and 1995. There were 14 boys and 9 girls, aged between 3 to 16 years (mean 8.8 years). Signs and symptoms were related to the site and size of the cyst. Headache and vomiting due to increased intracranial pressure were the most common presenting symptoms. A round cystic lesion without perifocal edema and rim enhancement is the characteristic appearance on a computed tomography (CT) scan. A magnetic resonance image visualizes cyst location better than CT. Associated systemic hydatidosis in four of our patients involved kidney, liver, lung, and liver and lung, respectively. Intact cyst removal was achieved in 14 patients. In three patients with infected or inflamed hydatid disease, the ruptured cyst capsule was totally resected. Aspiration and extirpation were performed in only one patient. Eleven patients were treated with chemotherapeutic agents such as albendazole or mebendazole due to cyst rupture during surgery or associated systemic hydatid disease. Hydatid disease can also be seen in Western countries because of travel and migration. Cerebral hydatid cyst should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions.     

MRI对肝包虫病的诊断价值

目的:探讨肝包虫病的磁共振成像(MRI)特征,评价MRI对肝包虫病的诊断价值。方法:23例经手术病理证实的肝包虫患者,对其术前MRI资料作回顾性对照分析。结果:23例肝包虫诊断正确22例,误诊1例,诊断正确率为95.65%(22/23)。结论:MRI对肝包虫病有较高的诊断价值,可作为CT及B超等影像学检查方法的有效补充。     

腐生型肺曲霉菌病的CT诊断(附6例报告)

目的:探讨腐生型肺曲霉菌病的CT特点及其诊断价值。材料和方法:搜集经病理活检、手术证实的6例腐生型肺曲霉菌病的CT进行分析,其中结核继发曲霉菌病3例,慢性肺脓肿、糖尿病肺大泡和包虫囊肿各1例,常规CT扫描,病变区变换体位扫描。结果:6例CT分别于肺结核空洞、慢性脓腔、肺大泡空腔及包虫囊腔内见结节状曲霉菌球,变换体位曲霉菌球游离于空腔或空洞内,其周围有新月样透亮影。讨论:结节样均匀的高密度曲霉菌球,其周围有新月样透亮影,曲霉菌球随体位的变化游离于空腔或空洞内是腐生型肺曲霉菌病的CT特征。结合原发病史,变换体位进行病变区扫描对其诊断有重要意义。     

囊型肝包虫病CT诊断价值与分型

目的 探讨囊型肝包虫病CT诊断价值、病理基础与分型。方法 收集我们两院经手术病理及临床随访证实的肝包虫囊肿66例,根据CT表现和病理结果进行对照分型。结果 囊型肝包虫病在CT上因病程和病理的不同,表现为单囊单房型、单囊多房型、单囊假分隔型、实变钙化型及多囊型。结论 囊型肝包虫病在CT上有特征性表现,不仅可早期诊断无症状带虫者,并可准确地显示各种病理形态的典型影像。     

支气管囊肿的CT表现及特征

目的 探讨支气管囊肿的CT征象及诊断价值。方法收集20例经手术病理证实的CT影像，进行回顾性分析。结果 20例支气管囊肿，纵隔内10例，肺内9例，膈肌1例；单发病灶16例，多发病灶4例；含液囊肿8例，含气液囊肿7例，含气囊肿2例，实质性囊肿3例，单房囊肿15例，多房囊肿5例；薄壁囊肿14例，厚壁囊肿6例；8例病灶作了平扫与增强对照，表现为囊液无强化，囊壁有均匀强化；7例病灶合并感染，6例支气管囊肿压迫相邻气管地气管及血管；CT正确诊断为支气管囊肿17例，正确率85%。结论 纵隔型及肺内型支气管囊肿有特征性CT表现，CT诊断价值大，异位型支气管囊肿缺乏特征性CT表现，仅借助CT诊断有一定困难。     

Giant hydatid cyst in the posterior fossa of a child: a case report

A 10-year-old boy was admitted with a 4-month history of ataxic gait, headache, vomiting and diplopia. The headaches had worsened in month 4 and were associated with vomiting during head movement. Cranial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a hydatid cyst located in the posterior fossa. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy and a cerebellar hydatid cyst (approximately 5 cm in diameter) was removed using Dowling's technique. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgery and by histological examination of a tissue sample from the cyst. The patient was treated with the antihelmintic agent albendazole in combination with antibiotics. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 1 week. In conclusion, when a cystic lesion is detected on CT or MRI scans, hydatid disease should be taken into consideration in countries where hydatid infestation is endemic.     

CT values in orbital hydatid cyst

The CT values of 15 cases of orbital hydatid cyst operated upon by the author were reviewed. It was found that hydatid cyst of the orbit has high CT value, contrary to the low CT value of nonorbital hydatid. This discrepancy was confirmed by an experiment using human skull and two balls simulating hydatid cyst. One ball was put in the orbit and the other in the cranial cavity. When the skull was CT scanned it was found that the orbital ball CT value was about five times higher than the cranial ball, in spite of the fact that both balls had the same content. It was concluded that the orbital bony pyramid is the cause of this high CT value in orbital hydatid. Hence it is recommended that an orbital lesion with a high CT value can be a hydatid cyst.     

支气管囊肿CT误诊分析（附23例报道）

目的：探讨支气管囊肿CT误诊原因。方法：搜集经手术和病理证实的支气管囊肿23例，观察病变CT征象，并对CT误诊的疾病归类分析。结果：误诊为支气管扩张、多发性肺脓肿、肺癌、肺大泡、后纵隔神经原性肿瘤，分别占11例、3例、5例、2例、2例。结论：分析支气管囊肿所具不同的CT征象及其反映的病理实质，结合临床资料，并注意与类似征象的疾病相鉴别，是避免误诊，提高诊断准确性的重要途径。