婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血法可行性探讨

目的探讨婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血方法在临床应用的可行性。方法将180例患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各90例,对照组采用四肢浅表静脉直接采血法,观察组采用留置针间接采血法,比较两种采血方法首次穿刺成功率、血标本质量(溶血、凝血)及并发症发生率等。结果两组首次穿刺成功率均较高,两组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组血标本质量及皮下出血发生率比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血方法能减轻患儿的痛苦、确保血标本质量,且安全、并发症少。     

股静脉体表投影点斜角穿刺法用于小儿股静脉采血

目的提高小儿股静脉穿刺采血成功率.方法将78例股静脉采血患儿随机分为甲组(40例)和乙组(38例).甲组采用传统方法穿刺采血,乙组采用股静脉投影点斜角穿刺法.结果乙组一次采血成功率显著高于甲组,采血时间显著短于甲组,局部瘀斑发生率显著低于甲组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论股静脉体表投影点斜角穿刺法进针部位较直观,可提高采血成功率.     

婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血法可行性探讨

目的 探讨婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血方法在临床应用的可行性。方法 将180例惠儿随机分为观察组和对照组各90例，对照组采用四肢浅表静脉直接采血法，观察组采用留置针间接采血法．比较两种采血方法首次穿刺成功率、血标本质量（溶血、凝血）及并发症发生率等。结果 两组首次穿刺成功率均较高，两组比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；两组血标本质量及皮下出血发生率比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论 婴幼儿静脉留置针间接采血方法能减轻惠儿的痛苦、确保血标本质量，且安全、并发症少。     

股静脉体表投影点斜角穿刺法用于小儿股静脉采血

目的提高小儿股静脉穿刺采血成功率。方法将78例股静脉采血患儿随机分为甲组（40例）和乙组（38例）。甲组采用传统方法穿刺采血，乙组采用股静脉投影点斜角穿刺法。结果乙组一次采血成功率显著高于甲组，采血时间显著短于甲组，局部瘀斑发生率显著低于甲组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论股静脉体表投影点斜角穿刺法进针部位较直观，可提高采血成功率。     

小儿股静脉采血不同定位方法效果观察

目的:探讨提高小儿股静脉穿刺采血的成功率、减少反复穿刺痛苦,避免邻近器官损伤的方法。方法:选择我院460例1天～3岁的患儿,做股静脉穿刺采集血标本,观察组230例采用新的股静脉穿刺定位法,对照组230例采用扪及股动脉搏动的传统方法进行股静脉穿刺定位法,比较两种方法的一次穿刺成功率。结果:观察组一次性穿刺成功225例,出现淤血或小血肿5例,对照组一次性穿刺成功185例,出现淤血或小血肿24例。结论:新定位法进行股静脉穿刺采血成功率明显高于传统扪及股动脉搏动定位股静脉穿刺采血方法。     

两种动脉采血法在新生儿科应用中的比较

目的：探讨桡动脉采血和股动脉采血两种采血法在新生儿科应用中的临床效果。方法将我院儿科NICU收治200例患儿随机分为观察组和对照组（各100例）,观察组采用桡动脉采血法采集血气标本,对照组采用股动脉采血法采集血气标本。结果观察组一次穿刺成功率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,误入静脉率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,发生血肿或瘀斑的比例均较之对照组低（P＜0.05）,重度疼痛率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;且观察组穿刺时间明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论桡动脉采血较之股动脉采血时对患儿的不良影响明显要小,具有操作方便、安全、简单、穿刺成功率高等优点,值得推广应用。     

提高婴幼儿静脉穿刺术采血成功率的体会

目的总结提高婴幼儿静脉穿刺术采血成功率的技巧方法。方法对300例采用真空负压方式进行静脉采血患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组1次静脉穿刺术采血成功296例(98.6%),4例穿刺失败者经二次穿刺采血成功。均未出现皮下血肿及采集标本不合格病例。结论做好采血前心理疏导,创造宽松舒适环境等各项干预措施,不断积累经验,练就精湛技术,可有效提高婴幼儿静脉穿刺术采血成功率,减轻小儿痛苦,提高护理质量。     

真空采血法在感染病房中的应用

目的探讨真空采血法在感染病房中的应用效果。方法将感染科住院130例患者,按单、双床号分为对照组和观察组各65例。由2名护师于患者肘正中静脉采血。对照组使用一次性注射器,观察组使用一次性血样采集针。结果观察组一次穿刺成功率、患者满意度和疼痛程度均优于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论一次性血样采集针采血优于一次性注射器采血。     

示指感知和腕部固定法在桡动脉采血中的应用

目的探讨科学有效的桡动脉采血方法,以提高一次穿刺成功率,缩短操作时间。方法将100例桡动脉采血患者按单双号分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组按照传统的垂直进针法进行采血,观察组采用示指感知和腕部固定法采血,比较两组一次穿刺成功率、穿刺时间和疼痛程度。结果观察组一次穿刺成功率显著高于对照组,穿刺时间显著短于对照组,患者疼痛程度显著轻于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论桡动脉采血采用示指感知和腕部固定法可提高一次穿刺成功率,缩短穿刺操作时间,减轻患者疼痛。     

直视法行新生儿股静脉采血效果观察

将 178例次行股静脉采血的新生儿采用直视采血法 (10 6例次 )及常规采血法 (72例次 )进行采集。常规法采用常规股静脉采血 ;直视法采用直视新生儿腹股沟中部隆起处 (由脐轮向腹股沟作垂线其交点处 ) ,中心部位垂直或倾斜 6 0～ 70°角进针 4～ 6cm后 ,边提针边回抽 ,见回血停止提针并固定 ,抽取所需血量。结果直视法平均采血时间 3.1min ,一次穿刺成功率为 92 .4 % ;常规法采血时间 8.3min ,一次穿刺成功率 77.8% ,二者比较 ,均P <0 .0 1,差异有显著性意义。提示直视采血法可明显缩短采血时间 ,提高一次穿刺成功率。     

On the Connection Between the Spectral Difference Method and the Discontinuous Galerkin Method

In this short note we present a derivation of the Spectral Difference Scheme from a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization of a nonlinear conservation law. This allows interpretation of the Spectral Difference Scheme as a particular discretization under the quadrature-free nodal DG paradigm. Moreover, it enables identification of the key differences between the Spectral Difference Scheme and standard nodal DG schemes.     

Winograd Method Versus Winograd Method With Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Ingrown Toenails

An important component of the Winograd surgical method for an ingrown toenail is total excision of the associated germinal matrix. However, this might not always be accomplished with the procedure. We hypothesized that the surgical results might be improved by adding electrocoagulation of the germinal matrix to the Winograd method. The objective of the present study was to compare the recurrence, satisfaction, and complication rates of the Winograd method with those of the Winograd method with electrocoagulation. We retrospectively evaluated the records of 102 patients with single Heifetz stage 2 or 3 ingrown toenails who had undergone surgery from January 2013 to October 2014 using 1 of these 2 methods. Of the 102 patients, 50 (49%) underwent the Winograd method and 52 (51%) underwent the Winograd method with electrocoagulation. The mean follow-up period of our patients was 12 (range 6 to 22) months. An ingrown toenail recurred in 3 patients (6%) in the Winograd group and in no patient in the Winograd with electrocoagulation group (p = .04). Among the patients in the Winograd group, 46 (92.0%) were satisfied or very satisfied. Among the patients in the Winograd plus electrocoagulation group, 49 (94.2%) were satisfied or very satisfied (p = .04). No complications developed in either group. In conclusion, the Winograd method for ingrown toenails results in high satisfaction rates, low recurrence rates, and low complication rates. The addition of electrocoagulation of the germinal matrix to the Winograd method could result in even lower recurrence rates, while maintaining high patient satisfaction and without increasing the risk of complications.     

Nonincisional Blepharoplasty Using the Debulking Method

As more women work outside home, a growing number of women who want to have a natural-looking double eyelid choose the method with a short healing time and less pain. Thus blepharoplasty by the nonincisional method is performed frequently. This technique uses 7-0 nylon for simple triple ring–shaped or center doubled triple ring–shaped suture, with removal of subcutaneous fat, pretarsal muscle, and orbital septum through small incisions. This prevents the possibility that the folds will be loosened. By creation of a scar adhesion between the wider portion of the dermis and the tarsal plate after debulking of the soft tissue, the nonincisional method can be applied to a very thin eyelid without any difficulty.A retrospective review of the data for 327 patients who underwent nonincisional blepharoplasty using the debulking method from November 24, 2000 through March 9, 2003 is presented. Except for four cases, the procedures were successful. Two complications of conjunctivitis occurred, requiring removal of the buried suture, and two patients reported a mild scar.     

Method of measuring the height of the patella

The author describes a technique for evaluation of the height of the patella: it compares the distance between the lower border of the articular surface of the patella and the antero-superior border of the tibia with the length of the patellar articular cartilage.     

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Balloon Dynamics by the Immersed Boundary Method Coupled to the Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method

The immersed boundary method (IBM) has been popular in simulating fluid structure interaction (FSI) problems involving flexible structures, and the recent introduction of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) into the IBM makes the method more versatile. In order to test the coupling characteristics of the IBM with the multiple-relaxation-time LBM (MRT-LBM), the three-dimensional (3D) balloon dynamics, including inflation, release and breach processes, are simulated. In this paper, some key issues in the coupling scheme, including the discretization of 3D boundary surfaces, the calculation of boundary force density, and the introduction of external force into the LBM, are described. The good volume conservation and pressure retention properties are verified by two 3D cases. Finally, the three FSI processes of a 3D balloon dynamics are simulated. The large boundary deformation and oscillation, obvious elastic wave propagation, sudden stress release at free edge, and recoil phenomena are all observed. It is evident that the coupling scheme of the IBM and MRT-LBM can handle complicated 3D FSI problems involving large deformation and large pressure gradients with very good accuracy and stability.     

Laplacian Preconditioning for the Inverse Arnoldi Method

Many physical processes are described by elliptic or parabolic partial differential equations. For linear stability problems associated with such equations, the inverse Laplacian provides a very effective preconditioner. In addition, it is also readily available in most scientific calculations in the form of a Poisson solver or an implicit diffusive time step. We incorporate Laplacian preconditioning into the inverse Arnoldi method, using BiCGSTAB to solve the large linear systems. Two successful implementations are described: spherical Couette flow described by the Navier-Stokes equations and Bose-Einstein condensation described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.