颈椎后路经关节螺钉钢板内固定术在下颈椎骨折脱位中的应用

目的探讨后路经关节螺钉钢板固定在下颈椎骨折脱位中的临床应用。方法2003年2月-2006年5月,对22例严重下颈椎骨折脱位采用后路经关节螺钉Axis钢板固定10例;后路联合前路减压、植骨融合、Orion钢板固定12例,共置入78枚经关节螺钉。术中运用Klek- amp经关节螺钉技术,以侧块中心点内侧1 mm为进钉点,进钉角度在矢状面上尾倾40°,在冠状面上外倾20°,行四层皮质固定。结果22例患者均获得随访,时间3个月～3年,平均15个月。术中所有螺钉均成功置入,1例患者术后第3天出现C7单侧神经根刺激症状,未予特殊处理,3个月后症状消失。没有出现椎动脉和脊髓损伤等其他置钉相关并发症。发现1例螺钉松动部分脱出,经加强颈托制动,术后3.5个月仍获得融合。其余患者均融合成功。结论下颈椎后路经关节螺钉钢板固定如使用得当,固定可靠、操作简单、相对安全。经关节螺钉钢板置入前,必须行脱位复位和小关节间植骨。     

一期后前路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁

目的：探讨一期后前联合入路治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床疗效。方法2008年9月～2012年5月,笔者手术治疗32例成人颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁,其中单侧小关节脱位23例,双侧小关节脱位9例。术前神经功能ASIA分级： A级5例,B级12例,C级11例,D级3例,E级1例。均采用一期后路小关节撬拨复位或关节突切除复位、前路植骨融合内固定术。术后定期随访,通过影像学检查了解节段稳定性、植骨融合情况,比较患者手术前后ASIA分级变化,进行疗效评价。结果32例随访10～24个月,平均15个月。术后影像学检查显示复位效果满意,颈椎椎间高度及生理曲度维持良好,植骨全部融合,无钢板螺钉并发症;除术前ASIA分级A级的3例患者神经功能无恢复,其余29例神经功能均有1～2级的恢复。结论一期后前联合入路治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁可以获得满意的临床效果。     

Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁

目的 对高能量损伤致下颈椎骨折脱位伴小关节突绞锁的患者Ⅰ期实施前后联合入路手术,探讨该方法的可行性及其疗效。方法 对28例颈椎骨折脱位伴小关节突绞锁实施手术。手术分两步进行,第一步先行后路小关节突部分切除,撬拨复位,后路钉棒系统或棘突间双股“8”字钢丝内固定,髂骨植骨融合术;第二步前路椎间减压自体髂骨块移植或钛网加自体骨颗粒移植,Orion带锁钢板固定。结果 术后经3～36个月随访,X线片显示28例颈椎骨折脱位均全部复位,恢复了颈椎椎体的正常序列及生理弧度,术后6个月后植骨全部融合,无钢丝、钛板、螺钉断裂及松动。28例中有10例恢复良好,14例生活自理。C级以下平均离床活动时间为2～5天,4例肌力同术前相比无明显变化。结论 对严重下颈椎骨折脱位伴小关节突绞锁患者行Ⅰ期前后联合手术是可行的,具有容易复位、稳定性好、植骨易融合、便于术后护理和功能康复等优点。     

动态ABC颈椎前路钛板在颈椎骨折脱位中的应用

目的 探讨动态ABC颈椎前路钛板在颈椎骨折脱位中的应用价值和治疗效果。方法 14例颈椎骨折脱位患者经前路减压植骨及动态ABC颈椎前路钛板内固定治疗,经随访观察神经损伤功能恢复、钛板螺钉位置、椎间高度、植骨融合情况等指标。结果 随访9-14个月,植骨间隙融合,融合部位椎间高度无明显塌陷,神经功能恢复较好。未发生螺钉拔出、钛板松动、植骨块吸收、假关节形成等并发症。结论 动态ABC颈椎前路钛板能达到术后的即刻稳定性,促进植骨融合,是有效的颈椎前路内固定方法。     

一期前路＋后路单开门联合手术治疗颈椎骨折脱位

目的：总结颈椎骨折脱位一期前后路的手术方法和临床效果。方法：采取一期前路＋后路单开门联合手术复位植骨内固定颈椎骨折脱位43例,其中男28例,女15例,平均年龄35.2岁（21~65岁）。按脊髓损伤按Frankel分类：A级19例,B级15,C级9例;C4前脱位9例,C5前脱位22例,C6前脱位12例;合并发育性颈椎管狭窄11例。半侧关节突绞锁15例,关节突半脱位11例,双侧关节突绞锁6例。结果：术后患者随访6个月至2年,平均12个月。术后每隔3个月复查X线片,未出现钢板螺钉,植骨块,钛网松动脱出等情况,颈椎高度,曲度无明显丢失。神经功能恢复（Frankel分级）提高1~3级。结论：颈椎骨折脱位患者经一期前路＋后路单开门联合手术内固定可达到复位、减压、固定融合并重建足够颈前后结构的稳定性,便于术后护理和康复。     

后-前路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁

目的探讨经后-前路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位、关节突交锁伴不全四肢瘫的疗效。方法44例下颈椎骨折脱位、关节突交锁伴不全四肢瘫患者,先侧卧位局部麻醉,经后正中切口暴露脱位节段的上椎板上缘至下椎板下缘,采用撬拨复位技术解除关节突的交锁;复位后可做两节段的侧块螺钉固定或棘突问钛线缆、钢丝固定(Stauffer法);然后变换体位为仰卧位,全身麻醉下经颈椎前路清除脱位椎间的椎间盘、上下终板,常规髂骨块植骨融合、钢板内固定。结果无围手术期死亡,无切口感染、喉返神经麻痹、内固定相关并发症,伤口均I/甲愈合。术后X线片示所有患者的脱位均完全矫正,无残留小关节半脱位和后凸畸形;未出现脊髓和(或)神经损伤加重者;术后14 d时改良Frankel分级明显改善。结论采用局部麻醉下后路切开复位固定再前路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位、关节突交锁伴不全四肢瘫是一种安全有效的方法,其优点为时间短、创伤小等。     

下颈椎骨折脱位并关节突交锁的手术方式选择

目的 探讨下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁的手术方式选择.方法 对68例下颈椎骨折脱位合并关节突交锁患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.其中单侧小关节脱位33例,双侧小关节脱位35例.美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)评分:A级5例,B级11例,C级9例,D级10例.所有患者均于术前行颅骨牵引,关节突交锁复位的则行前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗;否则行后路切开撬拨复位或关节突切除复位固定、前路植骨融合内固定术.结果 术中均无大血管、气管、食管、脊髓意外损伤.平均随访41.5个月,所有患者均复位良好,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,术后6个月后植骨全部融合,无钢板螺钉并发症.不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后神经功能均有一定恢复.结论 手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位并关节突交锁疗效确切,根据损伤的具体类型采用适合的手术方式是手术成功的关键.     

无脊髓损伤下颈椎脱位的手术治疗

目的 探讨无脊髓损伤下颈椎脱位的手术方法选择及疗效.方法 分析总结2004年1月-2009年6月手术治疗的无脊髓损伤下颈椎脱位患者11例.根据Allen分类均为牵开屈曲型损伤,其中Ⅰ度脱位7例,Ⅱ度脱位1例,Ⅲ度脱位3例.陈旧性脱位8例,新鲜脱位3例,均为单纯颈椎外伤,不合并其他脏器损伤.单纯前路复位内固定椎间植骨融合7例,前后路联合复位内固定植骨融合4例.术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 11例患者手术经过顺利,术前11例Frankel分级E级,术后11例Frankel分级E级.X线片示11例患者均恢复颈椎正常序列和曲度.随访3～31个月未出现脊髓损伤症状及再脱位.术后3.5～5.5个月(平均4.3个月)达植骨融合.结论 合并关节突交锁的下颈椎脱位宜Ⅰ期行前后路联合复位内固定,无关节突交锁者可单纯前路复位椎间植骨融合.复位及内固定植骨融合术是治疗无脊髓损伤型下颈椎脱位的有效方法.     

前后路联合内固定植骨治疗颈椎陈旧性骨折脱位

目的探讨一期前后路联合手术治疗陈旧性下颈椎骨折脱位的临床应用价值。方法16例陈旧性下颈椎骨折脱位患者,术前采用颅骨牵引,先行后路小关节突松解复位,棘突间自体髂骨植骨钢丝固定手术,完成后更换体位,实施前路椎间盘摘除或椎体次全切椎管减压椎间植骨前路锁定钢板系统固定术,对所有患者术前、后及随访复查时进行JOA评分。结果15例获得完全复位,1例未复位,复位率90.1%。除1例JOA评分术后下降外,其余均有所改善,无术中、后并发症,随访6个月~1.5年、平均12.1个月,未见内固定失败,植骨均融合。结论同期前后路联合手术治疗下颈椎陈旧骨折脱位是一种较好的手术方法,具有复位率高,椎管减压彻底,颈椎术后获得即刻稳定,内固定牢固,融合率高等优点。     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎脱位

目的 总结后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定、复位、融合治疗齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的疗效.方法 对27例齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者经术前颅骨牵引,采用后路椎弓根螺钉,行寰枢椎复位、固定及植骨融合.结果 患者寰枢椎椎间稳定性得到恢复,无并发症发生;随访12-48个月(平均24个月),27例患者均获骨性融合.结论 经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合术可为齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者提供牢固的三维固定,是一种更为有效的治疗方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）