慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1表达及其意义

目的：分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清和肝组织基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（TIMP-1）表达水平与肝纤维化分期的相关性。方法分别采用免疫组化法和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测患者肝组织和血清 TIMP-1表达水平,分析两者相关性;对159例慢性乙型肝炎患者行肝活检病理学检查,以组织学活动指数（HAI）予以分级（G）和分期（S）,分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平与 HAI 分级和纤维化分期的相关性。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织 TIMP-1表达水平与其血清水平呈显著性正相关（r=0.9521,P＜0.01）;不同肝纤维化分期（S1～S4）慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平差异显著（P＜0.05）,且血清 TIMP-1水平与肝纤维化分期呈正相关（r=0.704, P＜0.01）,但不同炎症分级的慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平差异无显著性。结论血清 TIMP-1水平可以较好地反应肝脏纤维化程度,且不受肝组织炎症分级的影响,有望被用于肝组织纤维化程度的临床无创评估。     

转化生长因子β1和基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1在肝纤维化诊断中的作用及关系

目的通过检测慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGFβ1和TIMP-1在肝纤维化不同阶段的表达情况,探讨TGFβ1和TIMP-1在肝纤维化诊断中的作用及相互关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测40例慢性乙型肝炎患者和12名健康体检者血清TGFβ1、TIMP-1水平,RIA检测血清HA,LN、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽（P．ⅢNP）水平,40例患者全部进行肝活组织检查,分析TGFβ1、TIMP-1与肝组织纤维化程度分期和炎症活动度分级的关系以及五项指标之间的相关性。结果血清TGFβ1、TIMP1在肝纤维化早期即明显升高,敏感性优于HA、LN、PⅢNP;且随肝纤维化程度的加重TGFβ1、TIMP-1逐渐升高（P＜0．05）;TGFβ1变化趋势与TIMP-1、HA、LN、PⅢNP均呈正相关（P＜0．01）,与TIMP-1相关性最强。结论TGFβ1、TIMP-1密切参与肝纤维化的形成过程,TIMP-1可能受TGFβ1调节,二者可作为早期肝纤维化的诊断指标。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中MMP-2、TIMP-1与肝纤维化关系的研究

为了研究慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化与肝组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及其天然抑制物金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的关系,对60例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行肝组织病理活检,其中S_110例,S_224例,S_312例,S_414例。采用苦叶酸天狼猩红染色检测胶原面积百分比,单克隆抗体(McAb)免疫组织化学染色检测MMP-2、TIMP-1阳性细胞的方法进行病理分析。结果显示：慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中胶原面积百分比与肝组织纤维化分期正相关(r=0．885,P=0．000);慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中MMP-2与肝纤维化的分期无关(r=0．034,P= 0．896);慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中TIMP-1和肝纤维化的分期正相关(r=0．760,P=0．000);慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中MMP-2/TIMP-1和肝纤维化分期负相关(r=-0．674,P=0．000)。总之,TIMP-1参与了慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化纤维化的过程,而MMP-2/TIMP-1是诊断肝纤维化的比较合适的指标。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞基质金属蛋白酶-1及其抑制因子基因的表达

目的 比较外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)及自身血清中基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达水平,探讨MMP-1及TIMP-1基因表达对肝纤维化的诊断价值.方法 实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)方法分别检测37例慢性乙型肝炎患者及20例健康对照者PBMC中MMP-1及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达水平,双抗体央心酶联免疫吸附方法检测血清MMP-1及TIMI-1水平;慢性乙型肝炎患者均行肝组织穿刺活检,行纤维化程度分期(S).组间比较采用多个独立样本非参数检验,并作Spearman相关性分析.结果 健康对照组PBMC中MMP-1 mRNA及TIMP-1 mRNA呈低水平表达,慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMC中MMP-1mRNA表达水平与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而TIMP-1 mRNA表达水平显著高于健康对照组的(0.48±0.80)lg拷贝/μL,血清TIMP-1也高于健康对照组的(158.29±58.58)μg/L.随着慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度加重,各期之间MMP-1 mRNA的表达水平及血清MMP-1水平比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=8.960,P=0.111;χ~2=7.898,P=0.211);从S1～S4,TIMP-1 mRNA表达水平依次为(1.67±0.84)、(3.48±2.08)、(5.86±3.47)及(8.14±6.48)lg拷贝/μL,血清TIMP-1水平依次为(233.73±64.84)、(262.10μ71.12)、(301.15μ62.74)及(381.15±152.75)μg/L,各期之间TIMP-1mRNA表达水平及血清TIMP-1水平比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=14.290,P=0.002;χ~2=12.209,P=0.007).PBMC中TIMI-1 mRNA、血清TIMP-1与肝纤维化呈正相关(r=0.752.P<0.01;r=0.530,P=0.008).结论 PBMC中TIMP-1 mRNA表达水平及血清TIMP-1水平与肝脏纤维化程度密切相关.PBMC中TIMP-1 mRNA及血清TIMP-1可以作为诊断肝纤维化的新指标,尤其PBMC中TIMP-1 mRNA诊断价值最大.     

拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏MMP-1及TIMP-1的影响

目的:观察拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的影响,探讨其防治肝纤维化的作用。方法:25例慢性乙型肝炎患者予拉米夫定100mg/d,连用1年,治疗前后作2次肝穿活捡,常规HE染色及Gordon Sweet、Masson染色,作炎性活动度及纤维化程度计分,作MMR-1、TIMP-1的免疫组化学分析。结果:25例患者中21例HBV DNA转阴,炎性活动度计分由5.40±3.04降至3.88±1.42(P<0.01),纤维化程度计分由3.44±1.45降至3.16±1.34(P<0.05),MMP-1由3.142±0.024增至4.009±0.310(P<0.05),TIMP-1由5.063±0.610降为4.107±0.131(P<0.05)。结论:拉米夫定强效抑制HBV,使肝脏TIMP-1活性降低、MMP-1活性增强而起到防治肝纤维化的作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清透明质酸、层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原水平与肝脏病理对照研究

目的 了解血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘蛋白(LN)和Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)与肝脏炎症活动度及纤维化程度的关系。方法 对比分折慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HA、LN、CⅣ水平与肝脏病理诊断。结果血清HA、IN、CⅣ由G0—G4、S0—S4依次升高，但在各级及各期间升幅不全一致，以HA上升最早，级间升幅较大，LN在S2期后开始大幅升高，而CⅣ于S2期前即有大幅升高；血清HA、LN、CⅣ水平与肝病分级及分期均呈正相关。结论 HA对慢性肝炎病情严重程度判断价值较大，HA和CⅣ似有诊断早期肝纤维化的价值，LN可协助诊断中晚期肝纤维化。肝脏炎症活动度与纤维化程度有重叠现象，单一血清指标的特异性较差。     

血清胶原酶对判断慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化及炎症程度的意义

目的观察慢性乙型肝炎患者血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(TIMPs)水平与肝纤维化及炎症程度的相关性,寻找新的判定肝纤维化程度的血清学指标.方法慢性乙型肝炎患者88例,间隔半年行两次肝穿刺活检,病理组织进行炎症活动度及纤维化程度半定量计分;检测血清TIMP1、TIMP2、MMP1、MMP2、MMP9、Ⅳ型胶原、层黏连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽、透明质酸水平.结果血清TIMP1(r=0.540,P＜0.001)、MMP2(r=0.314,P=0.003)、TIMP1/MMP1(r=0.269,P＜0.001)与纤维化分级成正相关,MMP1与纤维化分级成负相关(r=-0.49 5,P＜0.001),且与血清Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽、透明质酸相关;根据受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)下面积计算,MMP1以13.96(ng/ml)为临界值,判别S2及S2以上纤维化的敏感性为90.5%,特异性为52.0%;TIMP1以76.84(ng/ml)为临界值,敏感性为91.6%,特异性为64.0%.MMP1以6.86(ng/ml)为临界值,判别肝硬化(S4)期敏感性为70.7%,特异性为80.9%;TIMP1以210.04(ng/ml)为临界值,其敏感性60.5%,特异性92.3%.MMP1、TIMP1与炎症分级及计分均有相关性,而TIMP1与碎屑坏死、桥接坏死相关性最好(r=0.435,P＜0.001),TIMP2与MMP9与炎症没有明显相关性.结论血清TIMP1、MMP1、MMP2水平、TIMP1/MMP1比值可作评估肝纤维化发展或减轻的指标.     

慢性肝病患者血清MMP-1及TIMP-1的检测及临床意义

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)在慢性肝病患者肝纤维化过程中的表达和动态变化。方法采用双抗体"夹芯"酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测64例慢性乙型肝炎和22例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清MMP-1和TIMP-1水平,并与20例正常体检者进行对照。结果血清MMP-1水平在慢性肝病患者肝纤维化过程中逐渐降低,而血清TIMP-1水平则逐渐增高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);其中慢性肝炎轻度患者血清MMP-1水平与中度、重度和肝硬化之间,中度与重度和肝硬化之间两两比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),而慢性肝炎重度与肝硬化之间比较无显著性相差(P>0.05);慢性肝炎轻度患者血清TIMP1水平与中度、重度和肝硬化之间,中度与重度和肝硬化之间,重度与肝硬化之间两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论血清MMP-1和TIMP-1在慢性肝病患者肝纤维化过程中可能起重要作用,能够被用来做为判断肝纤维化程度的指标,尤其是血清TIMP-1意义更大。     

八项肝纤维化血清标志物比较研究

目的比较血清血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-B1)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PC Ⅲ)、Ⅳ型胶原(C Ⅳ)和层黏连蛋白(LN)及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)内TIMP-1 mRNA、MMP-1 mRNA在肝纤维化中的诊断价值。方法常规肝穿活检、组织病理学诊断；RT-PCR检测PBMCs中MMP-1 mRNA、TIMP-1 mRNA水平；酶标法检测血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、TIMP-1和MMP-1含量；放射免疫法检测血清HA、PC Ⅲ、C-Ⅳ和LN含量。结果经ROC曲线分析，血清PDGF-BB、TIMP-1、HA、PC Ⅲ、C-Ⅳ、LN和TIMP-1 mRNA的AUC分别为0．985、0．726、0．318、0．728、0．727、0．583、0．463、0．876；血清PDGF-BB和PBMCs中TIMP-1 mRNA的灵敏度和特异度分别为90％、95％，73．7％、100％；两者联合检测的灵敏度为97．4％，特异度为95．0％。结论八项指标中，血清PDGF-BB的诊断价值最大。在筛选肝纤维化患者时，以血清PDGF-BB、PBMC中TIMP-1 mRNA联合检测最佳。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织和血清TIMP-2水平对肝纤维化程度的评估

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织和外周血清基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-2（TIMP-2）的表达情况,以进行对肝脏纤维化程度的评估。方法对105例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝活检组织进行肝纤维化分期。通过免疫组化技术检测患者肝组织TIMP-2的表达水平,采用ELISA法测定患者血清TIMP-2水平。结果随着慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度的加重,肝组织TIM-2表达水平逐步上升,各期之间表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与健康对照者比,S1-S4期患者血清TIMP-2水平均升高（P〈0．05）,除S1与S2期之间无显著性差异外,其余各期之间TIMP-2水平有统计学差异。结论肝组织和外周血TIMP-2表达水平可以较好地反映肝脏的纤维化程度。     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

Genetic link with cholelithiasis among pediatric SCA Tunisian patients: Examples of UGT1A1, SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1

Aims and background: Hyperbilirubinemia is often observed in chronic hemolysis and results in the formation of pigment cholelithiasis that could be increased by the presence of defected enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism. Indeed, this is the first report that interested in the study of polymorphisms in genes encoded for enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism: rs 4149056 of SLCO1B1 and rs4149000 of SLCO1A2 in combination with rs8175347 and rs887829 of UGT1A1 in order to find a correlation between the polymorphisms studied and the presence of gallstones in a population of sickle cell anemia (SCA) pediatric Tunisians.

Material and methods: Our study involved 102 unrelated Tunisian subjects. All SCA patients are children (less than 16 years old) and were characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and 52 of them have cholelithiasis. The polymorphisms of the candidate genes were analyzed for all subjects by PCR/sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls were compared using Pearson's chi-square test with a significance threshold of P?<?0.05 (compare 2, version 1.02).

Results: The novelty of this report is that children carrying the combined genotype of the rs studied: (TA7TA7)/TT/TC/GA have a higher risk to develop gallstones (P?=?0.0027, RR?=?18.27 (20.0061–915.28)).

Conclusion: Altogether our data provide the implication of UGT1A1 and SLCO1A2 in sickle cell anemia-related cholelithiasis.     

Pandemic H1N1 influenza

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制途径与自身免疫性糖尿病

PD-1(CD279)是一种负性协同刺激分子,属于CD28超家族成员,呈诱导性表达于活化的T、B和自然杀伤细胞表面.PD-L1(B7-H1,CD274)和PD-L2(B7-DC,CD273)是PD-1的两个配体.PD-1和PD-L1相互作用可以使活化的自身反应性T细胞获得负性信号,抑制其对自身抗原持续的免疫应答.若PD...     

甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因比较分析

目的分析泰安市2008～2009年度季节性流感与2009年度甲型H1N1流感病原学检测结果 ,比较季节性H1N1与甲型H1N1血凝素基因变异情况。方法选择国家级流感监测哨点医院以及暴发疫情的疫点,采集流感样病例的鼻咽拭子标本,通过RealtimePCR进行病毒检测,用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,通过RT-PCR扩增血凝素HA1片段的基因并测序,利用生物信息学进行序列分析。结果 2008～2009年共检测鼻咽拭子标本283份,分离出流感病毒33株,分离阳性率为11.67%,其中季节性H1N1亚型31株。2009年5月1日～12月31日,检测鼻咽拭子标本996份,流感核酸检测阳性417份,阳性率为41.86%,其中甲型H1N1337份,季节性H1N1亚型1份。6株季节性H1N1病毒均在多个氨基酸位点上发生变异,与疫苗株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)比较,有11个位点发生了突变,其中5个位点位于抗原决定簇上;测序成功的6株甲型H1N1病毒在多个氨基酸位点发生变异,与疫苗株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)比较,有6个位点发生突变,其中1个位点位于抗原决定簇的B区。结论 2008～2009年度季节性H1N1为优势株,甲流暴发后,甲型H1N1成为绝对优势毒株。季节性H1N1分离株有多处氨基酸替换,抗原决定簇B区变异频繁;甲型H1N1病毒分离株的基因有变异,但关键位点第222位仍为D(天冬氨酸),与疫苗株相比抗原决定簇的关键位点变化不大。     

Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin

Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K _i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.     

甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的临床特点分析

目的通过对甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的临床特点的分析。方法分析2009年月10月-2010年3月在我院入住的29例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者的临床表现、实验室检查及胸部CT等资料。结果本组病例男性16例,女性13例。3例妊娠,13例合并有基础疾病。所有病例均有流感样前驱症状,呼吸道主要症状为发热、干咳少痰,严重者气短、呼吸困难、咯血。合并细菌感染时咯脓痰。肺部听诊无啰音或少啰音,合并哮喘时有哮鸣音,合并细菌感染时可有湿啰音。实验室检查65%白细胞不高或降低,41%心肌酶升高,58.6%存在低氧血症,35%呼吸衰竭。影像学表现多种多样：65.5%主要为单侧或双侧棉团样、团片样边界模糊高密度渗出影伴肺实变,其内见充气支气管征,病变沿支气管血管束分布。轻症及早期较局限,重症者及晚期病变融合呈双肺多发弥漫性改变。少数呈大叶及小叶性肺炎表现。预后大多良好,病死率6.9%。主要死亡原因为呼吸衰竭及大咯血。结论甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎是以甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎为主要疾病的多种肺炎构成。甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎临床表现具有流感病毒肺炎共性特点,其影像学表现有一定特征性。