兔体感诱发电位正常参考值研究

目的测定正常成年日本大耳白兔神经皮层体感诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potential,SEP）,建立本实验室SEP正常值数据库,为相关的临床和基础研究提供实验参数。方法选择日本大耳白兔30只,雌雄各半。选用英国牛津NHK30-Medelec Synergy肌电诱发电位术中监护仪。采用腹腔注射水合氯醛进行麻醉。测量日本大白兔皮层体感诱发电位正向波（P1）、负向波（N1）的正常值。结果 30只日本大白兔均检测出清晰辨认的波形。在头皮记录到较一致的,由一个P1和一个N1组成的体感诱发电位。潜伏期为P1（12.32±1.73）ms,N1（21.95±1.88）ms;P1N1复合波波幅为（2.02±1.56）μV。结论 SEP测量值较稳定,为进一步研究SEP的病理变化提供了实验依据。     

发作性运动障碍15例临床分析

1 临床资料 15例均为癫痫门诊患者，其中男9例，女6例；年龄11～28岁；起病年龄7-16岁；平均病程7．6年。其中有家族史者3例，高热惊厥史者1例。根据Demirkiran等的诊断标准，运动诱发性13例，非运动诱发性1例，劳累诱发性1例。临床特点为出现一侧或双侧发作性头、面、颈、肢体及躯干不自主动作（姿势性肌张力障碍、舞蹈及徐动）者11例，四肢发僵不能活动4例。发作时所有患者均有构音障碍，甚至言语不能，间歇期均正常，其中5例在查体中因运动诱发。8例每日均有发作，其余7例发作时间不定，每月1～10次。发作持续数秒至2h，其中12例为数秒至数十秒，2例为数分钟，1例为0．5～2．0h。13例患者间歇期的清醒及睡眠脑电图均正常，其中4例在EEG描记中诱发，但EEG正常；仅1例患者间歇期为不正常EEG，双额导联多次出现阵发4～6Hz高波幅θ波，偶见中等波幅小尖波。此外，11例脑CT检查、3例脑MRI检查、3例肌电图、1例体感诱发电位及7例血电解质、血糖检查、甲状腺素水平等均正常。     

发作性运动诱发性肌张力障碍4例

1 临床资料 发作性运动诱发性肌张力障碍（PKD）患者4例，均为男性，发病年龄5～15（平均10）岁．从发病到确诊的时间为2～14（平均6．2）a．其中有家族史者2例，婴儿惊厥史者1例．临床主要表现为在起跑、打球、突然起立或紧张情况下出现肢体发僵或不自主舞动，面肌抽搐．头、躯干扭动2例，跌倒2例，发作时均有构音障碍且神志清楚，1例还在夜问睡眠中时有发作性肢体强直与舞动．2例在查体中因运动诱发．至就诊时3例每日均有发作，1例5～10d发作1次，     

夜磨牙(SB)患者咬肌抑制反射(MIR)及其恢复曲线实验

 【摘要】目的 探索夜磨牙(sleep bruxism,SB)患者三叉神经运动脑干系统的神经生理,为后续的SB治疗提供理论依据。方法 对26名SB患者及30名正常人采用单脉冲和双脉冲模式磁刺激颏神经,分别进行咬肌抑制反射(masseter inhibitory reflex,MIR)及其恢复曲线实验,双脉冲模式中设置不同间隔时间:100、200、300、400、500、600 ms,分析比较单脉冲模式中早期静息期(the early silent period,SP1)和晚期静息期(the late silent period,SP2)以及双脉冲模式中测试刺激SP2的恢复程度。结果 单脉冲模式中SB患者组SP1潜伏期、持续时间与正常对照组无差异;SP2有5人缺失,与对照组差异有统计学意义。双脉冲模式中SB患者不同间隔时间下测试刺激SP2的恢复程度较正常人低。结论 SB患者三叉神经运动脑干系统存在异常。     

经颅皮层电刺激对糖尿病患者神经近端损害的诊断价值

目的探讨经颅皮层电刺激法对糖尿病患者神经近端损害的诊断价值。方法糖尿病人100例,健康人对照组120例。将大脑皮质电刺激仪与肌电诱发电位仪相连,用表面电极记录左侧拇展肌的电刺激下的运动诱发电位,弓形表面刺激电极阳极在上、阴极在下,将阴极分别置于T12棘突、S1棘突和腘窝三点,用电压500V,脉冲宽度150μs的经颅皮层电刺激。结果糖尿病人与对照组在电刺激诱发运动诱发电位的潜时及波幅均有显著差异。三节段的传导时间顺时差,糖尿病人较对照组延长。糖尿病人较对照组,T12-S1段、T12-腘窝段运动传导速度减慢。结论经颅皮层电刺激法对糖尿病人神经近端损害的定位及节段性诊断是一种有价值的方法。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术中的体感诱发电位监测

目的探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术（IONM）中体感诱发电位（SEP）监测脑缺血的有效性。方法对70例IONM患者进行术中SEP监测,其中男性63例,女性7例;单侧狭窄53例,双侧狭窄17例,狭窄程度均在70%以上。胫后神经刺激,记录双侧皮层的SEP,将P40波幅下降50%作为脑缺血的预警信号,潜伏期延长3ms作为参考。结果44例无变化,23例波幅下降50%但稳定且略有回升,3例波幅下降50%,且升高血压也无明显改善,1例波形扁平且无恢复。结论SEP监测可提示颈动脉阻断后的脑灌注状态是监测脑血流灌注的理想手段,但阴性不能完全排除术后可能出现的神经功能障碍。     

顶叶梗塞患者的体感诱发电位研究

目的：研究体感诱发电位（SEP）对顶叶梗塞患感觉障碍的评估作用。方法：对36例顶叶梗塞患治疗前后SEP的变化进行分析。结果：顶叶梗塞患病灶对侧和其他脑叶梗塞患的病灶侧SEP与正常对照组相比，N20PL、N20AMP及N13－N20IPL均无统计学意义。项叶梗塞患病灶侧SEP在治疗前后的异常率分别为75％和58．3％。其中治疗前无波形缺失或分化不清的18例患与正常对照组相比，N20PL和N14－N20IPL延长，波幅降低（P＜0．05）；治疗后N20PL缩短，波幅稍增高，但均无显性差异，而N13－N20IPL基本无变化。有6例患治疗后SEP由异常转为正常。结论：顶叶梗塞伴有的感觉障碍可由SEP评价，主要表现为N20波幅降低或波形缺失。     

大鼠皮层体感诱发电位刺激和记录技术改进

目的改进传统的大鼠大脑皮层体感诱发电位(SEP)刺激和记录技术。方法SD大鼠16只,体质量(225±25)g,随机分为传统SEP检测组(A组)、改进SEP检测组(B组),分别记录比较所得SEP波形。结果B组检测到稳定的标准SEP波形[P1波潜伏期(11.85±0.23)ms,N1波潜伏期(23.13±0.73)ms,P1-N1波幅(0.21±0.05)mV],各项指标与A组相比差别无统计学意义。结论改良SEP刺激和记录技术创伤小,更适合于慢性动物实验研究。     

无症状性脑中风患者的临床与体感诱发电位分析

本文总结了30例无症性脑中风病的体感诱发电位（SEPP）表现，该组病人在急性卒中病例诊断及正常人体检时，既往无卒中史．而在CT检查中发现有陈旧性脑梗塞（无症状脑梗塞）．其中SEP异常率为69％。对象和方法无症状性脑中风病人30例，男21例、女9例，年龄41－70岁，平均55岁，脑梗塞及腔隙性脑梗塞均经CT证实，同时测50例健康人作对照，确定本试验正常值。体感诱发电位（SEP）检查应用仪器为DIS－AZ000C型肌电图、诱发电位仪，采用上肢、腕部正中神经刺激法，刺激强度为恰好引起拇指外展肌轻微抽动（约4－12mA）为准，记录电极按脑…     

发作性运动诱发性运动障碍(附4例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨发作性运动诱发性运动障碍的临床特点,以提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析4例发作性运动诱发性运动障碍的临床特点,并结合文献复习。结果例1、例2均有家族史,例4无家族史;临床表现主要为由突然起始动作诱发的发作性运动障碍,发作时间短暂,发作时意识清楚,均在白天发作;口服卡马西平、苯妥英钠有效。例3为发作性持续运动诱发性肌张力障碍,治疗无特殊。结论发作性运动诱发性运动障碍易误诊为癫痫。运动诱发、发作时间短暂、发作中无意识丧失、无发作后状态;有遗传倾向;抗癫痫治疗有效,预后良好是其特点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.