脑肿瘤干细胞研究进展

自2003年Singh等[1]首次从恶性脑肿瘤中分离得到CD133+肿瘤干细胞以来,脑肿瘤干细胞的研究便逐渐成为神经科学及其相关领域的热点话题.通过初步研究发现脑肿瘤干细胞有可能是决定恶性脑肿瘤发生、发展、转移、复发以及对治疗敏感与否的关键细胞[2,3].因此进一步深入研究脑肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性,探索脑肿瘤干细胞在恶性脑肿瘤发生及复发中的具体作用及机制,将为今后寻找靶向肿瘤干细胞的恶性脑肿瘤的根治治疗产生十分重要的作用.     

脑卒中急性期认知功能障碍的相关因素分析及针刺干预治疗的临床研究进展

目的：研究脑卒中急性期认知功能障碍的相关因素及针刺干预治疗作用。方法：通过近10年脑卒中急性期认知功能障碍的临床研究文献回顾,分析其相关因素。结果：在探讨本病的病机特点的基础上,总结针刺干预治疗的处方规律及治疗方法,并以临床资料为依据探讨针刺介入的时效性。结论：认知功能障碍影响脑卒中急性期患者的整个综合功能改善及生活质量的提高,早期认知功能测试评定和治疗是十分必要的。针刺干预治疗其处方原则为头针取穴,醒脑开窍;督脉经穴,健脑调神;四肢远取,宁心补肾益智;辨证配穴,灵活施变。常用头针透刺法或加电针,针刺介入时间宜早期为好。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与轻度认知功能障碍关联性的Meta分析

目的：通过Meta分析的方法对轻度认知功能障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）与血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）浓度的关联性进行评价。方法：计算机检索PubMed、BIOsis Previews、Medline、EBSCO、CBM、CNKI、维普、万方等数据库2003-2013年公开发表的国内外相关文献,对检索到的文献进行质量评价和资料提取后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入11篇合格文献,包括737例病例和866例对照。病例组Hcy水平高于对照组,其合并标准化均数差值及其95%CI为0.92（0.57,1.27）,漏斗图显示基本对称。结论：血浆Hcy浓度的升高可能是MCI发病的危险因素,但其病因关联性仍有待于在人群中开展大规模队列研究和随机对照实验研究进一步深入论证。     

背侧纹状体参与认知功能神经环路信息整合研究进展

纹状体是中枢神经系统中调节精细运动的重要核团。近年来越来越多的研究表明，背侧纹状体参与了认知相关的非运动性功能。认知功能障碍(cognitive impairment，CI)是一种学习与记忆能力缺失的精神疾病，在许多疾病早期均有发生。 背侧纹状体作为学习记忆信息处理的中转站，整合上游环路释放的谷氨酸能、多巴胺能等神经递质，再通过直接通路与间接通路将信息输出至下游核团参与认知行为。本文立足于背侧纹状体，阐述其结构功能与神经环路机制，结合现有治疗手段，探究背侧纹状体神经环路中潜在的治疗靶点。     

血液透析患者认知功能状况及危险因素调查分析

目的对血液透析患者的认知功能状况进行观察,对其具有影响的因素进行分析。方法151例血液透析的病例均为2009年3月到2011年5月在我院血液透析中心治疗的患者,根据患者是否存在认知功能障碍分为认知功能障碍组,有105例,认知功能正常组,有46例,对两组患者的各项观察指标进行比较,对患者认知功能状况的影响因素应用多因素Logistic方法进行筛选。结果与认知功能正常组比较,认知功能障碍组患者的年龄较大．女性比例较小,高血压、糖尿病及其中风等的发生率明显较高,透析前血红蛋白数值较低．以上各项观察指标均具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。对血液透析患者的认知功能具有影响因素的有以下几个方面：高龄、男性、文化程度≤5年及其高血压等。结论认知功能损害在血液透析患者中的患病率较高,而且独立的危险因素为高龄、男性、文化程度≤5年及其高血压等。     

维持性血液透析患者认知障碍与动静脉内瘘血栓事件的相关性研究

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)患者认知水平与动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生的关系。方法 选取2020-01/2022-12月在作者医院行MHD的180例患者作为研究对象。调查MHD患者临床资料、动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生情况、认知功能评分。根据蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表(montreal cognitive assessment-basic, MoCA-B)中文版认知评分将患者分为认知功能正常组(n=92)和认知功能障碍组(n=88)。分析MHD患者认知功能评分与动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析探讨影响动静脉内瘘血栓事件的相关因素。结果 认知功能障碍组MHD患者年龄、合并糖尿病患者比例、动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生次数高于认知功能正常组,血清白蛋白水平低于认知功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。认知功能障碍组MHD患者动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生率明显高于认知功能正常组(P=0.013)。MHD患者认知障碍评估得分与动静脉内瘘血栓事件发生呈负相关关系(r=-0.175,P=0.019),与患者认知受损领域呈负相...     

弥漫性轴索损伤认知功能障碍的临床特点及影响因素分析

目的 分析弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)患者认知功能障碍的临床特点,探讨影响认知功能障碍的相关因素,为早期干预提供临床依据。 方法 根据纳入及排除标准收录2016年1月—2018年1月在嘉兴学院附属第二医院治疗的DAI患者85例,收集患者基线信息,包括人口学信息、入院格拉斯哥评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、昏迷时间、是否手术、是否合并其他部位损伤、高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、院内感染等资料。利用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment scale,MoCA)评估DAI患者受伤3个月时的认知功能状态,再进行t检验、χ2检验及多因素logistic回归分析。 结果 85例DAI患者中62例出现认知功能障碍,患病率为72.9%,认知功能障碍以注意力、抽象思维、延迟记忆等方面损害为主(t值分别为9.004、12.424、7.423,均P<0.001),多因素logistic回归分析表明,年龄、昏迷时间对整体认知功能影响有统计学意义,OR值分别为1.842、3.013,95%CI值分别为1.211~4.323、1.872~6.214,P值分别为0.034、0.013。 结论 DAI患者认知功能障碍发病率高,主要表现在注意力、抽象思维、延迟记忆等方面的损害,年龄、昏迷时间是认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。      

慢性心衰住院患者的认知功能特点及其影响因素

目的:评估慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)住院患者的认知功能特点及其影响因素.方法:方便取样北京市5所医院住院的104例CHF住院患者为研究对象,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)北京版进行认知功能测评.结果:CHF住院患者...     

卒中后认知障碍患者粪便钙卫蛋白测定及其与血清炎性因子的相关性

目的： 探讨卒中后认知障碍（post stroke cognitive impairment,PSCI）患者粪便钙卫蛋白（fecal calprotectin,FC）水平及其与认知状态和血清炎性因子的相关性。方法: 收集2021年3月至2022年3月就诊的PSCI患者32例、卒中后无认知障碍（post stroke with no cognitive impairment,PSNCI）患者44例和无卒中对照者25例,检测并对比3组中FC水平以及PSCI组治疗前后的FC水平。对PSCI组进行简易智力状态检查量表（mini mental state examination,MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA）评估,并检测血清C 反应蛋白（CRP）和白介素 6（IL 6）的水平。结果: PSCI组、PSNCI组和对照组的年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史未见明显差异,高血压史和糖尿病史在3组间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,PSCI组FC水平显著高于PSNCI组和对照组（P<0.01）。对PSCI患者改善认知治疗1个月后,PSCI患者FC水平较治疗前显著降低（P<0.01）。在PSCI组中,FC水平与MoCA评分和MMSE评分呈负相关（P<0.01）,与血清CRP水平和血清IL 6水平呈正相关（P<0.01）。结论: PSCI患者FC水平升高,与PSCI患者的认知功能和血清炎性因子具有相关性,在PSCI的发生机制中发挥重要作用。     

脑肿瘤术后不同血管周围间隙对患者生存质量及认知功能障碍的影响

目的:探究脑肿瘤术后不同血管周围间隙对患者生存质量及认知功能障碍的影响.方法:选择2017年1月—2019年1月于我院接受治疗的60例脑肿瘤术后患者为研究对象,均对其开展脑部MRI检测,记录其脑血管周围间隙数目和分级情况,并按照患者是否出现扩大的血管周围间隙将其区分为EPVS组(23例)和无EPVS组(37例),于发病...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.