Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma

OBJECTIVE--To study the clinical characteristics of respiratory tract illness caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. DESIGN.-Prospective clinical, bacteriologic, and serologic study. Secondarily, a matched comparison of patients with and without evidence of C pneumoniae infection (serologic titers greater than or equal to 1:64 and less than 1:16, respectively). SETTING.--Four primary care (family practice) clinics in Madison, Wis, and nearby towns. PATIENTS.--The study included 365 white males and females (mean age, 34.2 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES.--Association of acute C pneumoniae infection with signs and symptoms of respiratory illness and the relationship of C pneumoniae antibody titer with wheezing at the time of enrollment in the study, and with the diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis. RESULTS.--Nine (47%) of 19 patients with acute C pneumoniae infection had bronchospasm during respiratory illness, and there was a strong quantitative association of C pneumoniae titer with wheezing at the time of enrollment in the study (P = .01). In the matched study, C pneumoniae antibody was significantly associated with asthmatic bronchitis after, but not before, respiratory illness (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 23.4). Four infected patients had newly diagnosed asthma after illness, and four others had exacerbation of previously diagnosed asthma. There was no serologic evidence of coexisting Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or respiratory viral infection in 96% of patients with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma. CONCLUSIONS.--Some C pneumoniae antibody titers, although not diagnostic of chlamydial infection by present criteria, probably represent acute reinfection or ongoing chronic infection. Repeated or prolonged exposure to C pneumoniae may have a causal association with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and asthma.     

呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染流行特点和临床分析

目的 探讨小儿呼吸道感染者肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行特点和临床情况.方法 回顾性分析我院2004～2008年呼吸道感染住院患儿2084例,采用间接免疫荧光法检测MP,分析MP感染率与性别、年龄、季节、部位及与喘息性疾病的关系.结果 2084例呼吸道感染患儿中MP阳性患儿433例(20.8%),其中男性222例(19.8%),女性211例(21.9%),男性与女性MP发病率无统计学差异(P>0.05).不同年龄组MP发病率分别为:小于3岁组106例(15.0%),3～5岁组163例(25.2%),5～14岁组164例(22.5%),三组之间MP感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).不同季节MP感染率分别为:1～3月:18.0%,4-6月:25.1%,7～9月:17.7%,10～12月:20.5%,不同季节之间MP感染率统计学有显著性差异(χ~2=12.5,P<0.05).上、下呼吸道感染组MP感染率差异无统计学意义.在下呼吸道感染者中喘息组MP感染率(26.9%)高于非喘息组(20.2%)(P<0.05).结论 MP是小儿呼吸道感染的常见病原,MP感染与性别和感染部位无关,与年龄和季节有关,大于3岁患儿是易感人群.MP感染可能与喘息性呼吸道感染的发生有关.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Guangzhou. Methods MP was detected using an indirect immunofluorescent method in 2084 children with ARI. The relations between MP infection rate and the gender, age, season, site of infection and wheezing diseases were analyzed. Results A total of 433 children (20.8%) were positive for MP, including 222 boys (19.8%) and 211 girls (21.9%) without significant difference in the infection rate between the genders (P>0.05). In 0-to 3-year-old group, 106 children were positive for MP (15.0%), while in 3-to 5-year-old group and 5-to 14-year-old group, 163 (25.2%) and 164 (22.5%) were positive, respectively, showing a significant difference in the infection rate between the 3 groups (P<0.05). The MP infection rate was 18.0% in January to March, 25.1% in April to June, 17.7% in July to September, and 20.5% in October to December, showing significant differences between the periods (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the infection rate between children with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and those with lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) (P>0.05). Among the children with LRI, those having wheezing disease had significantly higher MP positivity rate than those without wheezing. Conclusion MP is a common causative agent for ARI in children. MP infection is not related to gender and infection site, but to age and season. Children over 3 years old are vulnerable to MP infection. MP infection can be associated with wheezing in LRI.     

呼吸道感染患者外周血中单核细胞内肺炎衣原体的临床研究

目的：探讨用套式聚合酶链反应（nPCR）检测呼吸道感染患者外周血中单核细胞（PBMC）内肺炎衣原体DNA在诊断肺炎衣原体感染中的价值，并对呼吸道感染患者肺炎衣原体持续感染作一研究。方法；采集137例呼吸道感染患者和74名健康人静脉血标本，应用nPCR检测PBMC中肺炎衣原体DNA，以及微量免疫荧光试验（MIF）检测血清中肺炎衣原体特异性IgC、IgM和IgA抗体。结果：呼吸道感染组PBMC中肺炎衣原体nPCR检测阳性率显著高于对照组（36.5%比12.2%，P＜0.01）。总计84.8％的PBMC中肺炎衣原体nPCR阳性者血清学检测IgC抗体阳性。呼吸道感染患者PBMC中肺炎衣原体nPCR检测阳性率，从高到低依次为支气管哮喘（52.5％）、急性支气管炎（44.4%）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（39.4%）、支气管扩张症（33.3%）、肺炎（28.8%），但各病种间差异不显著。结论：肺炎衣原体可以隐藏在人体单核细胞中，因而造成肺炎衣原体的持续感染。因此，nPCR方法可检测肺炎衣原体携带者，从而明确患者体内是否存在肺炎衣原体持续感染，有较大的临床价值。     

Detection of rotavirus antigen in tracheal aspirates of infants and children with pneumonia.

Clinical manifestations of respiratory tract infection often precede or coincide with rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children. To investigate the possible association between respiratory tract manifestations and rotavirus infection, the authors determined human rotavirus (HRV) antigen and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen in tracheal aspirates of 58 children with clinically diagnosed pneumonia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescent antibody techniques. HRV antigen was detected in 16 out of the 58 cases (27.6%) and RSV antigen was found positive in 27 cases (46.5%). In four cases both HRV and RSV antigens were detected. The results of our study suggest that rotavirus may occasionally by one of the etiologic agents of acute lower respiratory infections of infants and children and that rotavirus infection may be transmitted via respiratory route. However, further extensive studies are needed for confirmation of the association between rotavirus and respiratory tract infection.

     

呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染流行特点和临床分析

目的探讨小儿呼吸道感染者肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行特点和临床情况。方法回顾性分析某院2004/2008年呼吸道感染住院患儿2084例采用间接免疫荧光法检测肺炎支原体结果,分析了肺炎支原体的感染率与性别、年龄、季节、部位及与喘息性疾病的关系。结果2084例呼吸道感染患儿中MP阳性患儿共433例（20.78%）,其中男性222例占同性别群体的19.78（222/1122）,女性211例占同性别群体的21.93%（211/962）,男性与女性MP发病率无统计学差异（P＆gt;0.05）。不同年龄组MP发病率分别为：小于3岁组106例占同年龄组的14.95%,3～5岁组163例占同年龄组的25.27%,5～14岁组164例占同年龄组的22.47%,三组之间MP感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,小于3岁组分别与3～5岁组及5～14岁组比较,均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同季节的MP感染率分别为：1～3月17.99%,4～6月25.01%,7～9月17.73%,10～12月20.47%,不同季节之间的MP感染率统计学有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。上、下呼吸道感染组的MP感染率差异无统计学意义。在下呼吸道感染者中,喘息组MP感染率（26．92％）高于非喘息组（20．19％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论MP是小儿呼吸道感染的常见病原。MP感染与性别和感染部位无关,与年龄和季节有关,大于3岁患儿是易感人群,MP感染可能与喘息性呼吸道感染的发生有关。     

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children diagnosed at acute stage by paired sera

Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae （M. pneumoniae） is a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections. However,there is deficient knowledge about the clinical manifestations of M. pneumoniae infection. We described the clinical and laboratory findings of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children who were all diagnosed by a ≥ fourfold increase in antibody titer.Methods M. pneumoniae antibodies were routinely detected in children admitted with acute respiratory infection during a one-year period. The medical history was re-collected from children whose M. pneumoniae antibody titer increased≥fourfold at the bedside by a single person, and their frozen paired serum samples were measured again for the M.pneumoniae antibody titer.Results Of the 635 children whose sera were detected for the M. pneumoniae antibody, paired sera were obtained from 82 and 29.3% （24/82） showed a ≥ fourfold increase in antibody titer. There were 24 cases, nine boys and 15 girls, aged from two to 14 years, whose second serum samples were taken on day 9 at the earliest after symptom onset; the shortest interval was three days. All children presented with a high fever （≥38.5℃） and coughing. Twenty-one had no nasal obstruction or a runny nose, and five had mild headaches which all were associated with the high fever. The disease was comparatively severe if the peak temperature was ＞39.5℃. All were diagnosed as having pneumonia through chest X-rays. Four had bilateral or multilobar involvement and their peak temperatures were all ≤ 39.5℃. None of the children had difficulty in breathing and all showed no signs of wheezing.Conclusions The second serum sample could be taken on day 9 at the earliest after symptom onset meant that paired sera could be used for the clinical diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children at the acute stage. M. pneumoniae is a lower respiratory tract pathogen. Extrapulmonary complications were rare and minor in our study. High peak temperature （＞39.5℃） is correlated with the severity of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children.     

Human bocavirus in children suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection in Beijing Children’s Hospital

Background Human bocavirus （HBoV） is a parvovirus recently found to possibly cause respiratory tract disease in children and adults. This study investigated HBoV infection and its clinical characteristics in children younger than five years of age suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection in Beijing Children＇s Hospital. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection during the winters of 2004 to 2006 （from November through the following February）. HBoV was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification and virus isolation and the amplification products were sequenced for identification. Results HBoV infection was detected in 16 of 333 study subjects. Coinfections with respiratory syncytial virus were detected in 3 of 16 HBoV positive patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection. The median age for HBoV positive children was 8 months （mean age, 17 months; range, 3 to 57 months）. Among the HBoV positive children, 14 were younger than 3 years old, 9 were younger than 1 year old and 7 were younger than 6 months. These 16 positive HBoV children exhibited coughing and abnormal chest radiography findings and more than 60% of these children had wheezing and fever. Ten children were clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, 2 bronchiolitis, 2 acute bronchitis and 2 asthma. One child died. Conclusions HBoV was detected in about 5% of children with acute lower respiratory infection seen in Beijing Children＇s HosPital. Further investigations regarding clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of HBoV infection are needed.     

婴幼儿喘息性疾病与肺炎支原体感染的关系

目的探讨婴幼儿喘息性疾病与肺炎支原体感染的关系。方法对96例有喘息的下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿及99例无喘息症状的下呼吸道感染婴幼儿,检测血肺炎支原体抗体（MPAb）并进行比较。结果96例喘息患儿血MPAb阳性为36例,阳性率为37．5％;而99例对照组患儿血MPAb阳性为20例,阳性率为20．2％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肺炎支原体感染是婴幼儿喘息性疾病的重要病因。     

慢性呼吸道疾病并发社区获得性下呼吸道感染住院患者的病原菌调查

目的研究慢性呼吸道疾病并发社区获得性下呼吸道细菌感染住院患者的病原菌分布。方法回顾性分析2001～2005年在北京大学第三医院呼吸病房住院的212例社区获得性下呼吸道细菌感染患者的临床资料、痰培养及药敏结果，患者均具有慢性呼吸道基础疾病。结果临床分离病原菌229株，革兰阴性杆菌为主。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者感染的病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌占73．9％，铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌最常见，分别为18．2％和13．6％；革兰阳性球菌占23-8％，其中金黄色葡萄球菌10．2％，肺炎链球菌9．1％。支气管扩张症患者感染革兰阴性杆菌占86．2％，前3位分别为铜绿假单胞菌（27．5％）、副流感嗜血杆菌（13．7％）和流感嗜血杆菌（11.8％）。Logistic回归分析发现：感染铜绿假单胞菌的危险因素为患有支气管扩张症（OR=5．590，95％CI 2．792～11．192）；感染鲍曼不动杆菌的危险因素为前1个月内使用制酸剂（OR=9．652，95％CI 2．636～35．339）和低蛋白血症（OR=2．679，95％CI 1．108～6．476）；感染肠杆菌科细菌（包括肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌）的危险因素为前1个月内使用抗菌药物（OR=4．236，95％CI 1．982～9．057），患有肾脏疾病（OR=4．305，95％CI 1．090-17．008）和糖尿病（OR=2．836，95％CI 1．339—6．009）。结论患有慢性呼吸道疾病患者并发社区获得性下呼吸道感染时的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，根据基础疾病、病情严重程度和用药史的不同而变化，对病原菌的正确判断有助于制定合理的经验性抗感染方案。     

Assessment of polymerase chain reaction and serology for detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with acute respiratory tract infection

Objective To study Chlamydia pneumoniae （C. pneumoniae） infection in 110 patients with respiratory tract infection admitted to our hospital from January to December 1995 in Nanjing.Methods Sputum and throat swab specimens were taken and C.pneumoniae DNA was detected by using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） with the HM-1-HR-1 primer pair. At the same time, serum samples were taken and immunoglobulin G and M （IgG and IgM） fractions of antibodies to C.pneumoniae were studied by microimmunofluorescence test.Results Prevalence of specific IgG was 70％ in patients with respiratory tract infection. Seventeen patients （15.5 ％） were serologically diagnosed as having recent C.pneumoniae infections and 12 patients （10.9％） had positive PCR in sputum and/or swab specimens. The total positive rate was 22.7％ （25/110） detected by PCR combined with serological tests. Acute infection of C.pneumoniae was common in patients with asthma （57.1％）, pneumonia （35.0％）, COPD （25.9％） and bronchitis （25.0％）. Clinical features between C.pneumoniae infection and non-C.pneumonia infection showed no significant differences.Conclusions Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important pathogen that causes infection of the human respiratory tract and attention should be drawn to this special illness.     

肺炎支原体感染与小儿喘息发生的关系

目的探讨肺炎支原体（mycoplasma pneumonia,MP）感染是否诱发小儿喘息。方法用颗粒凝集法检测2007年我院儿科住院部因呼吸道感染性疾病发生喘息而收治的70例患儿及非呼吸道感染性疾病患儿17例的MP-IgM抗体效价,对比喘息组及对照组之间MP-IgM的阳性率,同时比较喘息组各年龄段MP—IgM阳性率的差异以及大环内酯类抗生素在喘息组中的疗效和支原体表达的相关性。结果70例患儿中39例MP-IgM阳性,阳性率为55．7％,对照组17例患儿MP-IgM阳性仅4例,阳性率为23．5％（Х^2=5．668,P=0．017）;喘息患儿中1-3岁年龄段MP-IgM阳性率最高,为27．1％,〈1岁患儿阳性率最低,仅4.3％（Х^2=30．8,P〈0．001）;〈1岁组MP-IgM阳性率显著低于1岁以上组（Х^2=30．119,P〈0．001）;1-3岁组和〉3岁组间MP—IgM阳性率无显著性差异（Х^2=1．089,P=0．297）。喘息患儿中MP-IgM阳性者使用大环内酯类抗生素治疗的有效率为94．9％,而MP-IgM阴性者有效率为29．0％（Х^2=37．7,P〈0．001）。结论肺炎支原体感染可诱发小儿发生喘息,尤其是〉1岁的小儿发生率较高,呼吸道感染诱发喘息者,需要考虑存在支原体感染的可能性。     

婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染呼吸道病毒抗原检测分析

目的：了解婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染常见病毒的感染发生率及探讨病毒感染与性别的关系。方法：在婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染的病例中随机抽取男性和女性患儿各1 000例,取其鼻咽深部的刷检物进行直接免疫荧光法检测。结果：2 000例急性下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿中七项呼吸道病毒检出率为27.45%（549/2 000）,其中以（呼吸道合胞病毒）RSV为主,其次分别为（副流感病毒1型）PIV-1、（副流感病毒3型）PIV-3、（腺病毒）ADV、（甲型流感病毒）IFVA、（副流感病毒2型）PIV-2、（乙型流感病毒）IFV-B。其中PIV-3男性与女性感染率比较（χ2=4.465,P〈0.05）,两者差异有统计学意义。结论：引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染的七项病毒中,以RSV为主。并且除PIV-3外,其他六种病毒感染均无性别差异。     

肺炎支原体感染导致支气管哮喘的机制探讨

肺炎支原体(MP)作为非典型病原体,其感染发病率在哮喘患儿中有逐年增高的趋势。MP感染直接损伤上皮细胞,影响细胞因子、炎性介质及IgE的释放,调节黏液分泌,引起呼吸道慢性变应性炎性反应,同时可引起呼吸道平滑肌收缩过强,腺体分泌增加,导致呼吸道高反应。此外,MP能引起细胞免疫和体液免疫的缺陷,导致免疫功能失调。     

肺炎支原体感染与儿童慢性咳嗽关系的临床研究

目的探讨小儿肺炎支原体感染与儿童慢性咳嗽的关系及可能的病因和机制。方法对78例咳嗽时间〉4周的慢性咳嗽患儿（慢性咳嗽组）进行肺炎支原体（MP）抗体测定,同期诊断为急性上呼吸道感染患儿80例作为对照组。检测慢性咳嗽患儿血清总IgE水平和外周血嗜酸粒细胞计数（EOS）。结果慢性咳嗽组MP抗体阳性率为32.05%,对照组MP抗体阳性率为21.25%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。MP抗体阳性的慢性咳嗽患儿血清总IgE水平及EOS均高于MP-IgM阴性的慢性咳嗽患儿（P〈0.01）。结论肺炎支原体感染与儿童慢性咳嗽有密切相关性,MP感染可导致呼吸道慢性炎症,进而改变呼吸道反应性,成为咳嗽变异性哮喘和变应性鼻炎的重要诱发因素。     

婴幼儿毛细支气管炎后反复喘息现状及影响因素分析

目的调查婴幼儿毛细支气管炎后反复喘息发生情况,并探讨其相关影响因素。方法选择102例毛细支气管炎婴幼儿,随访1年了解患儿喘息发作情况。同时根据患儿是否发生喘息进行分组,比较2组患儿的一般资料、哮喘家族病史、宠物接触史、过敏疾病史、毛细支气管炎病情等。结果102例患儿中,共有3例失访。随访3、6、9、12个月,至少出现1次喘息发作的例数分别为16例(16.16%)、34例(34.34%)、39例(39.39%)、43例(43.43%),其中,随访12个月内,发生1次喘息8例,发生2次喘息11例,≥3次喘息24例。经单因素分析,反复喘息组与非反复喘息组患儿在母乳喂养少于3个月、被动吸烟史、湿疹病史、反复下呼吸道感染史、家族过敏疾病史、重度毛细支气管炎、呼吸道合胞病毒感染、食物过敏史方面差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。经logistic多因素分析,重度毛细支气管炎、湿疹病史、家族过敏疾病史以及反复下呼吸道感染毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的危险因素均为毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的危险因素(P < 0.05),而母乳喂养>3个月是毛细支气管炎后反复喘息的保护因素(P < 0.01)。结论重度毛细支气管炎、家族过敏疾病史、湿疹、反复下呼吸道感染是毛细支气管炎后反复喘息发作的高危因素,临床应针对性做好防治工作,以减少喘息发作。     

海口地区呼吸道病原体流行情况分析

目的 通过检测呼吸道病原体抗体,了解海口地区不同年龄、不同性别的发病和分布情况.方法 采集2015年1月至2016年5月海南省中医院1103例患者3 mL静脉血,分离血清.使用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测样本血清中9种常见的呼吸道感染病原IgM抗体,对结果 进行统计学分析.结果1103例患者中非典型呼吸道病原抗体阳性323例(包括混合感染),阳性率为29.28%(323/1103).阳性率最高的是肺炎支原体25.57%(282/1103),其次是乙型流感病毒3.35%(37/1103);混合型感染占1.27%(14/1103),主要是肺炎支原体合并其他非典型呼吸道病原体感染.非典型呼吸道病原感染阳性率婴儿组为21.83%(55/252)、幼儿组为53.38%(79/148)、儿童组为40.97%(59/144)、少年组为60.00%(9/15)、青年组31.43%(22/70)、中老年组为13.71%(65/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=123.36,P<0.05);病毒感染阳性率婴儿组为2.38%(6/252)、幼儿组为8.11%(12/148)、儿童组为7.64%(11/144)、少年组为6.67%(1/15)、青年组为1.43%(1/70)、中老年组1.69%(8/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.25,P<0.05).男性非典型呼吸道病原阳性率为21.64%(156/721),女性阳性率为35.34%(135/382),非典型呼吸道病原感染性别差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.14,P<0.05).结论 肺炎支原体和乙型流感病毒是导致海口地区呼吸道感染的主要病原体,病原体感染在年龄组和性别间存在差异.少年组和幼儿组非典型呼吸道病原感染率最高,应重点防治.     

海南西部地区儿童非典型病原体感染病原学分析

目的分析海南西部地区非典型呼吸道病原体在儿童急性呼吸道感染中的分布情况。方法对2012年7月。2013年6月临床诊断为呼吸道感染的患儿1824例,分为婴儿组（〈1岁）、幼儿组（1～3岁）、少儿组（4～14岁）,应用间接免疫荧光法进行9种病原体血清IgM抗体联合检测,对阳性病例进行回顾性分析。结果海南西部地区儿童患者急性呼吸道感染中非典型性病原体抗体阳性率59．21％（1080／1824）,9种病原体血清抗体的阳性率为肺炎支原体抗体43．97％（802／1824）,嗜肺军团菌I型抗体33．99％（620／1824）,乙型流感病毒抗体29．11％（531／1824）、副流感病毒1、2、3型抗体10．58％（193／1824）,甲型流感病毒抗体9．48％（173／1824）,腺病毒抗体9．27％（169／1824）,呼吸道合胞病毒抗体8．77％（160／1824）,肺炎衣原体抗体1．97％（36／1824）,Q热立克次体抗体1．26％（23／1824）、混合感染占33．99％（620／1824）。结论肺炎支原体、嗜肺军团菌I型和乙型流感病毒是海南西部地区儿童呼吸道感染的主要病原体,混合感染是该地区发病一大特点;病原体感染在各年龄组间存在差异。     

某医院近5年呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染特征研究

探讨某院近5 年呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征。方法选取2011年1月-2015 年12 月该院呼吸科患儿378 例,比较不同年龄、性别、季节、居住地及疾病类型患儿的肺炎支原体感染情况。结果年龄≤1 岁、1～3 岁、3～5 岁、>5 岁患儿感染率分别为10.96%、19.15%、30.61%和40.71%。男性和女性患儿感染率分别为21.59%和35.10%。春、夏、秋、冬季感染率分别为18.63%、16.48%、33.68%和40.00%。城市和农村患儿感染率分别为31.12%和22.53%。大叶性肺炎、间质性肺炎、哮喘、支气管肺炎、支气管炎、上呼吸道感染、毛细支气管炎患儿感染率分别为66.67%、50.00%、46.51%、26.67%、25.00%、20.59%和10.17%。结论呼吸道感染患儿的肺炎支原体感染风险较高,年龄较大、女性及大叶性肺炎患儿更易感染,且秋、冬季是肺炎支原体感染的高发季节。     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的常规肺功能变化及临床意义

目的：观察儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP）的常规肺功能动态改变特点,并探讨其临床意义。方法：采用JEAGER公司生产的Master Screen Paed肺功能仪,检测分析58例MPP患儿的急性期、恢复期的常规肺功能和41例门诊健康体检儿童的常规肺功能,并加以比较。结果：①58例MPP患儿急性期的常规肺功能结果报告显示,20例（占34.48%）肺功能正常,余38例（占65.52%）均有不同程度肺功能损害,表现为小气道通气功能障碍31例（占53.45%）、限制性通气障碍1例（占1.72%）、阻塞性通气障碍1例（占1.72%）和混合性通气障碍5例（占8.62%）。恢复期常规肺功能结果报告显示,小气道通气功能障碍6例（占10.34%）,其余肺功能均恢复正常（占89.66%）。②将58例MPP患儿的急性组、恢复组和41例正常组比较,急性组的各项常规肺功能指标如FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、FEF25、FEF50、FEF75、FEF25-75,与恢复组、正常组比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。恢复组与正常组比较,除FEF75、FEF25-75仍低于正常组（P〈0.05）外,其余指标差异无统计学意义。结论：MPP患儿急性期大小气道通气功能均有损害,除FEF75、FEF25-75两项小气道通气功能指标仍显著低于正常组外,其余指标均恢复正常。我们认为动态观察MPP患儿肺功能的变化,对了解MPP患儿肺功能的损害程度、疗效、预后有一定意义。     

儿童呼吸道感染肺炎衣原体的检测及意义

目的探讨肺炎衣原体(简称CPn)在儿童急性呼吸道感染中的发病情况及临床特征,为临床诊断及治疗提供参考依据。方法急性呼吸道感染患者142例,健康儿童52例,取静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测CPn。结果观察组CpnIgG阳性者30例(占21.1%),对照组4例(占7.7%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。观察组中有CPn急性感染抗体的有22例(占15.5%),对照组中无CPn急性感染,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。下呼吸道感染患者的CPn急性感染率为17.8%,上呼吸道感染患者为4.2%,两组比较P<0.05。CPn急性感染的临床表现无特征性。结论CPn是儿童急性呼吸道感染的重要致病原。