克糖胶囊对二型糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢的影响

目的:研究克糖胶囊(黄连、楤木、黄芪等)对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)模型大鼠的降糖作用。方法:用小剂量链脲霉素配合喂饲高脂饲料制造NIDDM大鼠糖尿病模型,100只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成5组,治疗组灌胃高、中、低3个剂量克糖胶囊,另设对照组和消渴丸组。各组均测定糖耐量、胰岛素、胰高血糖素、肌糖原、肝糖原等血液生化指标。结果:克糖胶囊能显著降低NIDDM模型大鼠的空腹血糖、增强糖耐量;增加肝糖原和肌糖原贮存,明显降低模型鼠体内胰岛素及胰高血糖素水平,改善机体对胰岛素的敏感性,还可明显改善NIDDM模型体内高脂症状,减少糖尿病模型大鼠的食量、尿量和饮水量;克糖胶囊3个剂量组可不同程度改善NIDDM模型大鼠的胰岛结构。结论:克糖胶囊对实验性NIDDM模型大鼠有治疗作用。     

糖肝康颗粒对糖尿病模型大鼠血糖、血脂及NO含量的影响

目的:观察糖肝康颗粒对糖尿病模型大鼠血糖、血脂及NO含量的影响。方法:用链脲佐菌素联合高脂饮食制作糖尿病高血脂大鼠模型,观察糖肝康对糖尿病高血脂大鼠血糖、血脂及NO含量。结果:糖肝康可显著的降低糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖及糖化血红蛋白,且能明显降低三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)水平,而且随着剂量的加大,疗效更加显著,明显优于对照组(P<0.01～0.05)。同时糖肝康可显著改善糖尿病模型大鼠血清中的NO含量,与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:糖肝康有很好的降血糖、降血脂及改善NO含量的作用。     

脂糖舒对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠生化指标的影响

目的 :探讨脂糖舒抗Ⅱ型糖尿病的作用。方法 :采用链脲佐菌素制作Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型 ,分别用生理盐水、二甲双胍、格列齐特和不同剂量的脂糖舒灌胃9周(每日1次) ,并取健康大鼠作正常对照 ,测定各组大鼠空腹血浆中胰岛素(Ins)、葡萄糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL_C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL_C)含量 ,以及测定肝糖原含量 ,计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。结果 :二甲双胍、格列齐特和两实验剂量的脂糖舒均显著降低模型大鼠的BMI、IRI以及血浆中Ins,Glu ,TG ,NEFA ,TC和LDL_C含量 ,并升高ISI及HDL_C和肝糖原含量。其中 ,高剂量(2g/kg)脂糖舒降低糖尿病模型大鼠BMI,IRI及血浆Ins,Glu,TG ,NEFA和LDL_C及升高肝糖原含量的作用优于格列齐特(P<0.05～0.01) ,降低NEFA和升高肝糖原含量的作用优于二甲双胍(P<0.01) ,对其余生化指标的影响分别与格列齐特和二甲双胍作用相当(P>0.05)。脂糖舒大、小剂量组间降低IRI和升高ISI作用呈量效正相关。结论 :脂糖舒对Ⅱ型糖尿病有明显的疗效     

鬼针草煎液对DM大鼠模型血糖水平及肝HK、血清FFA含量影响的实验研究

目的:探讨鬼针草煎液对DM模型大鼠的血糖及己糖激酶、肝糖元、游离脂肪酸水平的影响,研究鬼针草的降糖作用及机制。方法:采取长期高脂饮食后腹腔注射STZ复制糖尿病模型大鼠,设立对照组,通过单味鬼针草煎剂不同剂量灌胃观测空腹血糖、肝己糖激酶、肝糖元、游离脂肪酸水平变化。结果:鬼针草煎剂能够显著降低空腹血糖水平、血清FFA(游离脂肪酸)含量,升高肝脏HK(己糖激酶)活性、肝糖原含量。结论:鬼针草煎液能降低DM模型大鼠空腹血糖水平和游离脂肪酸水平。     

脂糖舒对正常和糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的观察脂糖舒(ZIS)抗糖尿病作用的效力.方法 分别对健康大鼠和糖尿病模型大鼠灌胃ZTS(每日1次)28d,同时以二甲双胍和格列齐特(达美康)作对照,测定血清中葡萄糖(Glc)、甘油三脂(TG)、游离型脂肪酸(FFA)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)含量.结果糖尿病模型大鼠的GIc、TG、FFA、TC和LDL-c含量显著高于正常大鼠,HDL-c含量明显低于正常大鼠.经ZTS处理后血糖、TG、FFA显著降低,HDL-c显著升高以及健康大鼠的上述所有生化指标无显著变化.与实验剂量二甲双胍和格列齐特比较,本方对健康大鼠上述所有生化指标及对糖尿病模型大鼠的TG、LDL-c和HDL-c无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而对糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖和血FFA含量显著低于二甲双胍(P＜0.001)和格列齐特(P＜0.05),其降低病鼠TG效力强于二甲双胍(P＜0.05)而与格列齐特相当(P＞0.05),且作用随剂量增加而增强.结论 脂糖舒有明显的抗糖尿病作用,且不导致低血糖和低血脂.     

三黄消渴片治疗实验性糖尿病高脂血症的药效学研究

目的:探讨三黄消渴片对糖尿病高脂血症大鼠的药理作用。方法:用高脂饲料结合链脲佐菌素造糖尿病高脂血症大鼠模型。将动物随机分为模型组,三黄消渴片低、中、高剂量组,正糖胶囊对照组。连续给药12周后,测定血糖、血脂、糖耐量及糖化血红蛋白(HbA lc)等指标,同时设正常对照组。结果:三黄消渴片组降低血糖、胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白作用明显优于模型组P<0.05,三黄消渴片能改善糖尿病大鼠糖耐量和周围血管病变。结论:三黄消渴片具有降低糖尿病大鼠血糖,调节脂代谢,改善周围血管病变的药理作用。     

降糖灵对实验性糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨中药复方降糖灵对糖尿病大鼠的血糖和血脂代谢的作用。方法用灌喂脂肪乳剂4周后,腹腔注射0.2%链脲佐菌素(STZ)30 mg/kg的方法造成大鼠糖尿病模型后,用含生药量1 g/m l的降糖灵灌胃进行治疗,并同时用二甲双胍按1 mg/kg灌胃作为阳性药物治疗,1次/d,连续6周。实验结束后观察降糖灵和二甲双胍对大鼠体重、血浆胰岛素、蛋白组成和含量变化、血脂含量和组成变化以及肝糖原的含量变化等。结果各组大鼠的体重变化差异不大(P>0.05),二甲双胍和降糖灵能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖。二甲双胍能降低胆固醇的含量,但是不能增加高密度脂蛋白、白蛋白、血浆胰岛素和肝糖原的含量。降糖灵可将升高高密度脂蛋白、白蛋白、血浆胰岛素和肝糖原的含量,同时能降低胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量(P<0.05)。结论降糖灵组能有效地降低高脂高糖大鼠的血糖和血脂,其作用机制可能与其促进胰岛释放胰岛素、增加肝糖原的合成和改善脂代谢有关。     

脂糖舒对糖尿病大鼠血清蛋白非酶糖化的影响

目的 :观察脂糖舒对糖尿病大鼠血清蛋白非酶糖化的抑制作用。方法 :分别对正常和糖尿病模型大鼠灌胃生理盐水和脂糖舒 (1g/kg和2g/kg)12周 ,每隔3周定期测定各组大鼠血清果糖胺和血糖的含量 ,计算两种指标含量的降低百分率。结果 :脂糖舒两剂量组均能明显降低糖尿病模型大鼠不同时间点的血糖和血清果糖胺含量 (P<0.01或P<0.05) ,且呈量效关系和时效关系。结论 :脂糖舒对糖尿病大鼠血清蛋白非酶糖化有明显的抑制作用 ,其效力随剂量增加及治疗时间延长而增强     

消渴脂平对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探讨消渴脂平对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：复制糖尿病大鼠模型,分为正常组、模型组、消渴脂平组及马来酸罗格列酮组。灌胃8周后,观察各组大鼠体质量、血糖、血脂变化情况。结果：治疗8周后消渴脂平组大鼠糖脂代谢水平与模型组相比,具有显著性差异（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,消渴脂平组体质量及TC明显低于马来酸罗格列酮组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：消渴脂平在改善糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢方面具有显著疗效。     

脂糖舒抗糖尿病作用机制初探

目的:探讨脂糖舒抗糖尿病的作用机制。方法:分别对健康大鼠和糖尿病模型大鼠灌胃脂糖舒28天,同时以二甲双胍和格列齐特作对照,测定血浆中葡萄糖(Glu)胰岛素(Ins)和胰高血糖素(Gla)含量。结果:①糖尿病大鼠的Glu和Gla含量显著高于正常大鼠,Ins含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.001);②二甲双胍、格列齐特和大小剂量的脂糖舒均能显著降低糖尿病大鼠的Glu含量(较模型组P<0.001),大剂量脂糖舒降糖效力与实验剂量的二甲双胍和格列齐特相当(P<0.05)。且强于小剂量脂糖舒(P<0.05),呈量效关系;③格列齐特明显升高糖尿病大鼠血浆Ins含量和降低Gla含量(较模型组P<0.001),而脂糖舒大小剂量组与二甲双胍组升高Ins和降低Gla效力相当(P<0.05),却显著弱于格列齐特(P<0.05～0.01),脂糖舒二组间降Clu作用差异显著(P<0.05);④各实验剂量药物组对正常大鼠上述指标无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:本实验结果提示,脂糖舒的抗糖尿病作用机制似二甲双胍。     

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. fruit powder in alloxan-diabetic rats

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit powder on blood glucose and other biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The treatment was given for 15 days. After the treatment, a significant reduction was observed in fasting blood glucose levels in the treated diabetic rats, but no hypoglycaemic activity in the treated normal rats. M. cymbalaria treatment showed considerable lowering of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in the treated diabetic group. There was a significant improvement in hepatic glycogen level in treated diabetic rats close to normal level after the treatment with M. cymbalaria. These results suggest that the M. cymbalaria fruit powder possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

消渴胶囊对2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖和血脂的作用

目的:观察消渴胶囊对2型糖尿病模型大鼠的降血糖和降血脂作用。方法:Wistar大鼠70只,其中8只作为正常对照组。其余62只采用高脂高糖饲料喂养加小剂量ip链尿佐菌素(STZ)35 mg·kg-1造大鼠2型糖尿病模型,将血糖值>7.0 mmol·L-1的大鼠按照血糖浓度随机区组分为模型组,消渴胶囊高、中、低剂量组(0.4,0.2,0.1 g·kg-1),阳性药组(格列本脲0.25 mg·kg-1),连续ig给药36 d。给药期间每周测大鼠体质量,测量大鼠给药前1 d及给药后第8,16,24,32 d空腹血糖浓度,末次给药后12 h麻醉后断头处死大鼠。取血清测大鼠的血清胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量;取大鼠的胰腺组织做组织病理学检查。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的血糖明显升高(P<0.01),血清INS水平明显降低(P<0.01),血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,消渴胶囊低、中、高剂量组均有明显的降糖作用(P<0.05),消渴胶囊中剂量组可明显降低血清INS,TC,TG和LDL-C的水平(P<0.05)。病理检查结果显示中剂量和高剂量组大鼠胰岛数及岛内细胞数较模型组为多,形态较为规则,胰岛内分泌细胞形态接近正常组。结论:消渴胶囊对2型糖尿病模型大鼠有降血糖以及降血脂的作用。     

Assessment of antidiabetic potential of Cynodon dactylon extract in streptozotocin diabetic rats

This study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of single and repeated oral administration of the aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon (Family: Poaceae) in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, respectively. The effect of repeated oral administration of aqueous extract on serum lipid profile in diabetic rats was also examined. A range of doses, viz. 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg bw of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon were evaluated and the dose of 500mg/kg was identified as the most effective dose. It lowers blood glucose level around 31% after 4h of administration in normal rats. The same dose of 500mg/kg produced a fall of 23% in blood glucose level within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) of mild diabetic rats. This dose has almost similar effect as that of standard drug tolbutamide (250mg/kg bw). Severely diabetic rats were also treated daily with 500mg/kg bw for 14 days and a significant reduction of 59% was observed in fasting blood glucose level. A reduction in the urine sugar level and increase in body weight of severe diabetic rats were additional corroborating factors for its antidiabetic potential. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were decreased by 35, 77 and 29%, respectively, in severely diabetic rats whereas, cardioprotective, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased by 18%. These results clearly indicate that aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon has high antidiabetic potential along with significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.     

Effect of astragaloside IV on hepatic glucose‐regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin

Aim: Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) are important in control of blood glucose homeostasis, and are considered to be potential targets for antidiabetic drugs. Astragaloside IV has been reported to have a hypoglycemic effect. However, the biochemical mechanisms by which astragaloside IV regulates hepatic glucose‐metabolizing enzymes remain unknown. The present study examines whether GP and G6Pase mediate the hypoglycemic effect of astragaloside IV. Methods: Type 2 diabetic mice were treated with astragaloside IV for 2 weeks. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured by a glucometer and the ELISA method, respectively. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined using Labassay^TM kits. Activities of hepatic GP and G6Pase were measured by the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase‐coupled reaction. The mRNA and protein levels of both enzymes were determined by real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Results: Astragaloside IV at 25 and 50 mg/kg significally decreased the blood glucose, TG and insulin levels, and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression as well as enzyme activity of GP and G6Pase in diabetic mice. Conclusions: Astragaloside IV exhibited a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic effect of this compound may be explained, in part, by its inhibition of hepatic GP and G6Pase activities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脂糖舒对2型糖尿病大鼠血液MDA和自由基清除剂的影响

目的　观察脂糖舒 (ZTS)对 2型糖尿病 (NIDDM)大鼠血液MDA和自由基清除剂的影响。方法　采用小剂量链脲霉素腹腔注射辅以高热量饲料喂养制备NIDDM大鼠模型。分别用二甲双胍、格列齐特和不同剂量的脂糖舒灌胃 9周 ,并取健康大鼠作正常对照 ,测量血糖、血脂和血胰岛素等指标的含量 ,测定红细胞及血浆中丙二醛 (MDA)和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -PX)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性。结果　NIDDM大鼠红细胞和血浆中的MDA含量显著高于正常组 ,而GSH含量及SOD ,GSH -PX和CAT活性显著低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1)。而脂糖舒、二甲双胍和格列齐特均能显著降低MDA含量 ,升高GSH含量及SOD ,GSH -PX和CAT活性 ;但高剂量脂糖舒 (2 g/kg)升高血浆SOD作用优于格列齐特 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与二甲双胍相当 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;小剂量脂糖舒对各指标的影响与格列齐特和二甲双胍无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;脂糖舒高低剂量组间GSH升高呈量效关系 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　脂糖舒有明显的降低MDA和抗自由基作用     

Parkinsonia aculeata aqueous extract fraction: biochemical studies in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The antidiabetic effect of Parkinsonia aculeata water soluble fraction (WSF) made of aerial parts of the plant (leaves and flowers) was investigated in alloxan diabetic rats. Its effect was compared with that of insulin (positive control). The physico-metabolic parameters measured were: body weight, food and liquid intake, urinary volume, hepatic glycogen, serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, urinary glucose and urea, and the weight of epididymal adipose tissue, liver, kidneys and the skeletal muscles (soleus and extensor digitorum longus). Oral administration of WSF (125 or 250 mg/kg) for 16 days exhibited a significant reduction in serum and urinary glucose, urinary urea, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in alloxan diabetic rats. An improvement of hepatic glycogen, a decrease of liquid and food intake, and a significantly positive actions in the weight of skeletal muscles (soleus and extensor digitorum longus) and kidneys were also observed, but just diabetic group treated with WSF at a dose of 125 mg/kg showed significant reduction in urinary volume, body weight, an improvement of epididymal adipose tissue and a positive action in liver weight. The effects of WSF on the physico-metabolic parameters was comparable to those observed in diabetic insulin treated group. The results of this work suggest that P. aculeate may have new clinical significant choice in diabetes mellitus illness, and could explain the basis for its traditional use to manage diabetes-related complications by rural community of northeast of Brazil.     

Antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Annona squamosa in streptozotocin-nicotinamide type 2 diabetic rats

The claim by some tribal populations in parts of Northern India that the young leaves of the custard apple tree, Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) has antidiabetic properties was investigated. Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin-nicotinamide and graded doses of the aqueous leaf extracts were then administered in drinking water to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 12 days. Fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels, serum lipid profiles and changes in body weight were evaluated in normal rats while liver glycogen levels and pancreatic TBARS levels were evaluated additionally in diabetic rats. The diabetic groups treated with the aqueous leaf extract were compared with standard glibenclamide. The findings of the study support the antidiabetic claims of Annona squamosa.     

Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L.: effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of aqueous solution of Boerhaavia diffusa L. leaf extract (BLEt) (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks on blood glucose concentration and hepatic enzymes in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. A significant decrease in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels were observed in normal and diabetic rats treated with BLEt. Treatment with BLEt resulted in a significant reduction of glycosylated haemoglobin and an increase in total haemoglobin level. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase was significantly increased and glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of BLEt in normal and diabetic rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in the same groups, in which there was a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in rats treated with BLEt. A comparison was made between the action of BLEt and antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide (600 microg/kg). The effect of BLEt was more prominent when compared to glibenclamide.     

Antidiabetic and Anti-oxidative Effects of Honokiol on Diabetic Rats Induced by High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin

Objective To study the antidiabetic and anti-oxidative effects of honokiol(Hon)in Magnolia officinalis and its underlying molecular mechanism in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ).Methods After ig administration with Hon[25,50,and 100 mg/(kg·d)]to diabetic rats for consecutive 10 weeks,the levels of blood glucose(BG),oral glucose tolerance(OGT),blood lipids including total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),hepatic oxidative stress including the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA),and cytochrome P4502E1(CYP2E1)in diabetic rats were measured.Results Compared to the diabetic control rats,ig administration of Hon resulted in significant decrease in BG,TC,TG,and LDL-C levels in serum,as well as hepatic CYP2E1 activity and MDA content in diabetic rats,whereas the level of OGT and activities of hepatic CAT,SOD,and GSH-Px in diabetic rats were significantly increased.Conclusion Hon could alleviate hyperglycemia,hyperlipemia,hepatic oxidative damage,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats by inhibiting hepatic CYP2E1 activity.