羟丙基甲基纤维素接枝聚己内酯二醇的合成、表征及性能

采用羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和聚己内酯二醇(PCL)为原料,以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为接枝桥梁,利用酰胺化反应将PCL接枝到HPMC分子上,成功合成了改性接枝聚合物羟丙基甲基纤维素接枝聚己内酯(HPMC-g-PCL)。利用红外光谱(IR)表征了产物结构,探讨了MDI在整个过程的桥联作用,利用热重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)对合成产物的热性能进行了表征,结果表明HPMC经PCL接枝改性后,失重率降低,热稳定性得到增强。     

酯类交联剂交联丙烯酸钠吸水树脂的紫外引发制备与性能

以部分中和的丙烯酸为原料,分别以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸（EGDMA）、二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯（GDA）与三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸（TEGDMA）为交联剂,通过紫外引发合成了聚丙烯酸钠缩乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸（PAANa-E）、聚丙烯酸钠缩二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯（PAANa-GDA）、聚丙烯酸钠缩三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸（PAANa-TE）3种丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂。考察了交联剂用量、单体体积分数、丙烯酸中和度、辐照时间对树脂吸液率的影响,研究了3种不同链长的酯类交联剂制备的树脂吸液率与温度、pH、盐溶液浓度的关系。采用红外、热失重分     

热聚合法制备二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸手性分子印迹聚合物Ⅱ.识别性能及其热力学表征

以二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)等为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(GDMA)为交联剂,采用热聚合方法合成了L-DBTA手性分子印迹聚合物(ML-DBTA),讨论了不同功能单体、功能单体的用量、交联剂的用量、聚合温度、聚合时间、溶剂等对ML-DBTA合成的影响.通过ML-DBTA对底物的结合实验和高效液相色谱分析,合成的ML-DBTA对模板分子L-DBTA具有很好的识别性,对L-DBTA的选择性比二苯甲酰-D-酒石酸(D-DBTA)高,其分离因子(α)可达2.79.优化的热聚合条件为n(L-DBTA)n(MMA)n(GDMA)=1420,聚合温度60℃,聚合时间48 h,溶剂为乙腈.     

纳米TiO2为基质的硫酸软骨素分子印迹聚合物的制备及吸附性能研究

目的: 采用分子印迹技术合成硫酸软骨素分子印迹聚合物(Chs-MIPs),并对其吸附特性进行研究。方法: 以纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)为基质,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,硫酸软骨素(Chs)为模板分子,合成Chs-MIPs。研究合成条件及其对Chs的吸附性能,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对其形貌进行表征。结果: TiO2和丙烯酰胺最合适的质量比为6∶1,交联剂和丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为7∶1。Chs-MIPs对Chs的吸附平衡和动力学数据分别符合Langmuir等温线模型和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型。结论: 所合成的Chs-MIPs对Chs具有良好的吸附性能和重复耐用性能。     

热聚合法制备二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸手性分子印迹聚合物I．热聚合条件的优化

以二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)等为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(GDMA)为交联剂,采用热聚合方法合成了L-DBTA手性分子印迹聚合物(ML-DBTA),讨论了不同功能单体、功能单体的用量、交联剂的用量、聚合温度、聚合时间、溶剂等对ML-DBTA合成的影响.通过ML-DBTA对底物的结合实验和高效液相色谱分析,合成的ML-DBTA对模板分子L-DBTA具有很好的识别性,对L-DBTA的选择性比二苯甲酰-D-酒石酸(D-DBTA)高,其分离因子(α)可达2.79.优化的热聚合条件为n(L-DBTA)n(MMA)n(GDMA)=1420,聚合温度60℃,聚合时间48 h,溶剂为乙腈.     

芳叔胺体系引发混合丙烯酸酯单体在木材上的接枝共聚合反应(Ⅱ报)

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(GDMA)为单体,在N,N-二甲基苯胺-(艹卡)基氯-乙酸三元引发体系引发下,研究了单体在香红木上的接枝聚合反应。实验结果表明:采用上述混合单体后,木材的抗收缩系数可达50%左右;GDMA与MMA的最佳比例为15:85(体积比)。     

酮洛芬印迹聚合物的合成及性能研究

目的:探讨采用分子印迹技术制成的分子印迹聚合物对酮洛芬的特异性吸附作用。分析比较模板分子与功能单体之间的作用,同时对以不同功能单体合成的聚合物的结合性能进行研究。方法:以酮洛芬为模板分子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,分别以丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸和加入甲基丙烯酸丁酯的甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,合成了对酮洛芬具有特异性吸附能力的3种分子印迹聚合物。结果:用丙烯酰胺合成的分子印迹聚合物对模板分子酮洛芬的结合能力最强。其中以丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸为功能单体制成的聚合物对酮洛芬都存在两类不同亲和性的结合位点,而以混合功能单体制成的聚合物对酮洛芬存在一类亲和性结合位点。结论:该方法条件简单方便,对分子印迹技术用于环境、血液等复杂样品中酮洛芬的分离和富集具有重要意义。     

配合物分子印迹聚合物的识别性能

以乙酸镍和2,2′-联吡啶配合物为模板、4-乙烯吡啶为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了具有类似金属螯合抗体结合位点的金属配合物印迹聚合物,系统研究了金属离子对模板聚合物选择性结合2,2′-联吡啶的调节作用。结果表明:印迹聚合物对N i(Ⅱ)-2,2′-联吡啶配合物有选择性识别能力。采用Scatchard模型评价分子印迹聚合物的结合特性,得到高亲和力结合位点的平衡离解常数Kd1=0.082 mm o l/L,表观最大结合量Qm ax1=82.2μm o l/g,低亲和力结合位点的Kd2=0.400 mm o l/L,Qm ax2=91.3μm o l/g。     

木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料的制备及性能

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,制备了木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料。考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对吸油材料吸油性能的影响。红外光谱表明苯乙烯接枝到了木棉纤维分子骨架上。在引发剂浓度为177 mmol/L、单体浓度为016 mol/L、反应温度80 °C和反应2 h的条件下,吸油材料有最大的吸油倍率,对氯仿和甲苯的吸油倍率分别达到了654 g/g和432 g/g。该吸油材料有快速吸油能力,在15 min可达吸附平衡,同时具有较好的重复利用性能。     

沉淀聚合法制备右旋邻氯扁桃酸分子印迹聚合物微球

以右旋邻氯扁桃酸为模板，丙烯酰胺、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯分别为功能单体和交联剂，采用沉淀聚合法制备了分子印迹聚合物微球，讨论了反应介质用量、聚合温度、引发剂的种类和用量对印迹微球的影响。实验表明：分子印迹微球与传统本体聚合法制备的聚合物相比具有更高的特异识别能力，通过Scatchard分析研究了聚合物的选择结合性能，结果表明分子印迹聚合物微球在识别右旋邻氯扁桃酸分子的过程中存枉两类结合位点，而空白聚合物微球只存在一类结合位点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.