先天性心脏病相关HAND1基因新突变研究

目的:研究先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)相关HAND1基因新突变。方法:入选CHD患儿136例及健康对照儿童200名,抽提基因组DNA,通过聚合酶链反应测序筛查HAND1基因突变。应用计算机软件评估突变氨基酸的保守性并预测突变的致病性,应用双荧光素酶报告基因分析系统分析突变对HAND1功能的影响。结果:在1例法洛四联征患儿发现1种新的HAND1基因杂合突变,其编码核苷酸序列第389位的胸腺嘧啶突变为鸟嘌呤(c.389TG),相应氨基酸序列的第130位亮氨酸变为精氨酸(p.L130R)。该突变改变了进化上保守的氨基酸序列并被预测为有致病性,功能研究揭示突变型HAND1的转录激活功能显著降低。结论:该HAND1基因功能缺失性新突变可能是CHD的少见分子病因。     

先天性心脏病相关PITX2c基因新突变研究

目的:研究先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)相关PITX2c基因的新突变。方法:收集150例CHD患者和200名正常对照者的外周静脉血标本,使用DNA纯化试剂盒分离基因组DNA。使用DNA聚合酶扩增PITX2c基因的编码区和剪接位点,应用DNA测序试剂盒在DNA分析仪上对扩增片段进行测序。将所测序列与GenBank数据库中的PITX2c基因序列进行比对以发现PITX2c基因突变。使用在线程序MUSCLE分析突变氨基酸的保守性,分别应用MutationTaster和PolyPhen-2分析突变氨基酸的致病性。结果:在1例散发性CHD患者发现了1个新的PITX2c基因杂合错义突变,即p.S101G突变,突变率约为0.67%。该错义突变不存在于200名正常对照者。跨物种PITX2c蛋白之氨基酸序列对比显示第101位的丝氨酸在进化上完全保守,致病性预测显示所发现的PITX2c基因变异是致病性突变。结论:本研究揭示了CHD相关PITX2c基因新突变,对于制定新的CHD防治策略具有潜在的意义。     

先天性心脏病相关GATA5基因突变研究

目的:识别先天性心脏病(CHD)相关GATA5基因新突变。方法:收集100例无血缘关系的CHD患者和200名无血缘关系且种族匹配的健康对照者的临床资料和血标本。抽提基因组DNA,通过聚合酶链反应扩增GATA5基因的编码外显子及其剪接位点,采用双脱氧核苷链末端合成终止法对全部扩增片段进行测序。将所测的序列与GenBank数据库中的GATA5基因序列进行比对以发现GATA5基因突变。应用多序列比对软件ClustalW评估突变氨基酸的保守性,应用致病性预测软件MutationTaster预测突变的致病性。结果:在2例CHD患者各发现1个新的GATA5基因杂合错义突变,突变率为2%。其中1个是GATA5基因编码核苷酸序列第395位的鸟嘌呤(guanine,G)变为胸腺嘧啶(thymine,T),即c.395G>T突变;另一个是GATA5基因编码核苷酸序列第991位的胞嘧啶(cytosine,C)变为腺嘌呤(adenine,A),即c.991C>A突变。多序列比对显示2种突变氨基酸在进化上均高度保守。致病性预测显示2种突变均有致病性。结论:本研究发现了CHD相关GATA5基因新突变,有助于揭示CHD新的分子机制。     

先天性心脏病患者GATA4基因突变谱分析

目的:分析先天性心脏病患者GATA4基因的突变谱,揭示先天性心脏病的分子病因。方法:收集110例无血缘关系的先天性心脏病患者的临床资料和血标本,以100名无血缘关系的健康者为对照。应用聚合酶链反应扩增先天性心脏病相关基因GATA4的全部编码外显子和外显子两侧的部分内含子,采用双脱氧核苷链末端合成终止法对全部扩增片段进行测序。将所测的序列与GenBank数据库中的GATA4基因序列进行比对,识别出GATA4基因突变,并用序列比对在线软件ClustalW2分析突变氨基酸的保守性。结果:在3例无血缘关系的先天性心脏病患者的GATA4基因各识别出1个新的杂合错义突变,即P42T、V48M和S191I突变,这些突变不存在于正常对照者,而且突变氨基酸在哺乳动物进化上有高度的保守性。结论:该研究结果可能揭示了先天性心脏病新的分子病因,有助于先天性心脏病患者的早期防治。     

新疆地区维吾尔族先天性心脏病患者CITED2基因突变分析

【】 目的：研究新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)患者与CITED2基因突变的关系。方法：收集150例散发型维吾尔族CHD患者和150例健康维吾尔族人群血液样本进行DNA提取、目的基因聚合酶链反应及测序,并与GeneBank进行比较以识别基因突变,并分析氨基酸序列。结果：在1例室间隔缺损患者发现1个新的纯合突变c.574A>G,并导致相应氨基酸序列错义突变(p.Ser192Gly),该突变在CITED2基因丝氨酸-甘氨酸富含区,而在健康对照组中未发现此突变。结论：新疆维吾尔族CHD患者中首次发现了CITED2基因纯合突变,Serl92GIy突变所在序列呈现一定保守性,可能与CHD发生有关。     

先天性心脏病患者转录因子Nkx2.5基因突变观察

采用聚合酶链反应结合DNA测序技术,对99例先天性心脏病（CHD）患者及90例正常对照者的Nkx2.5基因外显子1进行序列检测。结果显示,3例室间隔缺损、7例房间隔缺损、1例肺动脉瓣狭窄、1例动脉导管未闭患者和3例对照者的Nkx2.5外显子1第239位发生了A-G的突变。认为转录因子Nkx2.5基因突变与中国CHD的发生有一定的关系。     

先天性心脏缺损相关 N R2 F2 基因新突变研究

目的:探索先天性心脏缺损(CHD)相关NR2F2基因新突变。方法:入选104例中国汉族CHD患者和208名匹配的非CHD对照者。对全部入选对象的NR2F2基因的编码区、剪接位点及部分非翻译区进行聚合酶链反应-测序分析。将所测序列与核苷酸数据库中公布的NR2F2序列进行对比分析以发现NR2F2基因突变。运用计算机软件ClustalW2分析突变氨基酸进化上的保守性,应用PROVEAN、MutationTaster和PolyPhen-2软件预测突变的致病性。结果:在1例散发性动脉导管未闭合并室间隔缺损患者中发现了1个NR2F2基因新突变,即c.1189CT(p.Arg397Trp)突变。该错义突变不存在于208名非CHD对照者。多物种NR2F2蛋白的氨基酸序列比对分析显示被改变氨基酸在进化上完全保守,致病性预测表明所识别的NR2F2基因突变是致病性突变。结论:c.1189CT是CHD相关NR2F2基因新突变,对CHD的早期防治具有潜在的意义。     

散发性先天性心脏病相关SMAD1基因新突变研究

目的：研究散发性先天性心脏病相关SMAD1基因新突变。方法：入选202例散发性先天性心脏病患儿和238名健康者,收集其临床资料和血标本并常规抽提基因组DNA,测序分析SMAD1基因以发现致病新突变。克隆SMAD1基因,构建野生型SMAD1表达载体SMAD1-pcDNA3.1,通过定点诱变产生突变型SMAD1-pcDNA3.1,转染COS7细胞,应用双荧光报告基因分析试剂研究突变的功能特性。结果：在1例散发性先天性右心室双流出道合并室间隔缺损患儿中发现SMAD1基因新突变,即NM＿005900.3:c.381T>A;p.(Cys127*)突变。该突变不存在于238名健康者中。报告基因分析表明突变型SMAD1对靶基因TBX20的转录激活作用丧失。结论：SMAD1基因功能丧失性突变可能是部分散发性先天性右心室双流出道合并室间隔缺损的分子病因,这对先天性心脏病的精准医学防治具有潜在意义。     

汉族先天性房室间隔畸形患者GATA-4基因的突变分析

目的 探讨先天性房室间隔畸形患者GATA-4基因突变情况以及其基因型和表现型之间的关系.方法 选择50例汉族先天性房室间隔畸形患者和100名汉族健康者,用聚合酶链反应方法扩增GATA-4基因6个外显子编码区和邻近序列,聚合酶链反应产物纯化后以自动测序仪测序,然后与NCBI数据库中GATA-4基因的序列进行比较.结果 在汉族先天性房窜间隔畸形患者中发现GATA-4基因2个新的杂合子突变,分别位于第2号外显子的His28Tyr和位于第7号外显子的His436Tyr.结论 转录因子GATA-4基因突变可能与汉族先天性房室间隔畸形的发生有关.     

汉族先天性房室间隔畸形患者GATA-4基因的突变分析

目的 探讨先天性房室间隔畸形患者GATA-4基因突变情况以及其基因型和表现型之间的关系.方法 选择50例汉族先天性房室间隔畸形患者和100名汉族健康者,用聚合酶链反应方法扩增GATA-4基因6个外显子编码区和邻近序列,聚合酶链反应产物纯化后以自动测序仪测序,然后与NCBI数据库中GATA-4基因的序列进行比较.结果 在汉族先天性房窜间隔畸形患者中发现GATA-4基因2个新的杂合子突变,分别位于第2号外显子的His28Tyr和位于第7号外显子的His436Tyr.结论 转录因子GATA-4基因突变可能与汉族先天性房室间隔畸形的发生有关.     

BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease.

The aim of the present study was to determine if patients with both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), due to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and congenital heart defects (CHD), have mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)-2. The BMPR2 gene was screened in two cohorts: 40 adults and 66 children with PAH/CHD. CHDs were patent ductus arteriosus, atrial and ventricular septal defects, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, atrioventicular canal, and rare lesions with systemic-to-pulmonary shunts. Six novel missense BMPR2 mutations were found in three out of four adults with complete type C atrioventricular canals and in three children. One child had an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus; one had an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return; and one had an aortopulmonary window and a ventricular septal defect. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutations were found in 6% of a mixed cohort of adults and children with pulmonary arterial hypertension/congenital heart defects. The current findings compliment recent reports in mouse models implicating members of the bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-beta pathway inducing cardiac anomalies analogous to human atrioventricular canals, septal defects and conotruncal congenital heart defects. The small number of patients studied and the ascertainment bias inherent in selecting for pulmonary arterial hypertension require further investigation.     

Arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease

Improved surgical outcome for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has created a rapidly expanding population of adolescents and young adult survivors. Cardiac arrhythmias are a common late sequelae of this form of heart disease. Effective treatment requires clear understanding of the underlying anatomic defect as well as the specific surgical interventions. Intraatrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is the most common and difficult arrhythmia encountered in these patients. Traditional IART treatment with medication has been largely unsuccessful, but radiofrequency ablation has emerged in recent years as a promising option for many patients. The availability of three-dimensional mapping systems and irrigated-tip ablation catheters has improved acute success rates for IART to better than 90%. Postablation recurrence of IART still remains problematic for patients who have undergone the Fontan operation, in which case atrial maze surgery may be considered. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is seen in a smaller number of CHD patients, most notably those with tetralogy of Fallot or aortic stenosis. The adoption of implantable defibrillator (ICD) therapy for these patients has improved outcome. Owing to their complex anatomy, the CHD population presents unique challenges during both catheterization and device implant. Multicenter study of this unique patient group is needed in order to develop more objective treatment guidelines.     

Atrial natriuretic factor in patients with congenital heart disease: correlation with hemodynamic variables

To investigate the alpha-atrial natriuretic factor in congenital cardiac malformations, three groups of children, aged 7 months to 16 years, with different hemodynamic situations were studied during routine cardiac catheterization. Twenty-one (group I) had tetralogy of Fallot, 24 (group II) had a left to right shunt with pulmonary hypertension and 12 (control group) had a minor cardiac lesion. Alpha-atrial natriuretic factor levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay on blood samples from the inferior vena cava, right atrium, pulmonary artery, left atrium and aorta. To evaluate the effect of an acute volume load, measurements of hormone and pressures were repeated after right ventriculography. Alpha-atrial natriuretic factor levels varied over a wide range in all groups and in all chambers investigated. Nevertheless, children with pulmonary hypertension had significantly higher levels of the hormone (p less than 0.01) and were well separated from the control group, but less well from those with tetralogy of Fallot. A 50% increase of alpha-atrial natriuretic factor from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium occurred in patients with shunt lesions with pulmonary hypertension and in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (p less than 0.001) and a further 30% increase from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery (p less than 0.05). After right ventriculography, a 100% to 200% increase of alpha-atrial natriuretic factor was observed in the total sample (p less than 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between right atrial mean pressure and right atrial alpha-atrial natriuretic factor (r = 0.63) and between pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary artery alpha-atrial natriuretic factor (r = 0.61).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)