小鼠精子Sp17与IL-5融合蛋白的构建、表达及其免疫原性鉴定

目的 构建和表达小鼠精子蛋白Sp17与白介素5(IL-5)融合蛋白,并对其进行纯化和免疫原性鉴定.方法 采用PCR技术从质粒pGEM-1-IL-5中扩增IL-5基因片段,将其克隆至pET/Sp17原核表达载体中与Sp17基因融合,构建重组质粒pET/Sp17-IL-5,经酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌B121(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,采用Ni2+-NTA Agarose 纯化,SDS-PAGE检测、N端测序及Western blot;重组蛋白Sp17.IL-5免疫小鼠后ELISA检测小鼠血清特异性抗体.结果 成功构建小鼠精子蛋白Sp17与IL-5融合蛋白的高效表达质粒pET/Sp17-IL-5,重组工程菌pET-28a(+)-sp17-IL-5/BL21经IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达率约28%,PAGE初步测定目的蛋白相对分子量(Mr)约39 000,纯化后蛋白纯度达91%,免疫后小鼠血清中检测到特异性抗体.结论 Sp17-IL-5蛋白经基因克隆获得了较高的表达量,并初步显示了较好的免疫活性,为新型Sp17避孕疫苗的研制奠定基础.     

弓形虫GRA7基因的克隆表达及免疫分析

本文构建了刚地弓形虫RH株致密颗粒蛋白7(GRA7)基因原核表达重组质粒,进行蛋白表达并分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性.设计合成引物,从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中特异扩增出GRA7基因片段并进行序列分析.目的片段用EcoR Ⅰ和BamH Ⅰ双酶切后分别构建重组质粒pET32a-GRA7和pET28a-GRA7,而后转入大肠埃希菌BL21 (DE3)中诱导表达,Western blotting分析表达蛋白.结果显示,从弓形虫RH株中成功扩增出大小约710 bp的GRA7基因片段,构建的重组质粒经双酶切和PCR鉴定及测序,目的基因片段与预期相符.重组质粒pET32a-GRA7经IPTG诱导后,可高效表达重组蛋白,Western blotting分析显示重组GRA7蛋白能被弓形虫慢性感染血清识别,而重组质粒pET28a-GRA7未能诱导表达出目的蛋白.原核表达的重组GRA7抗原具有特异的免疫反应性,为弓形虫的诊断应用和疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

人可溶性DC-SIGN的原核表达及鉴定

目的构建可溶性DC-SIGN（sDC-SIGN）原核表达载体,获得不含标签蛋白的sDC-SIGN蛋白。方法采用PCR方法,从含人DC-SIGNcDNA的重组质粒pGM-DC-SIGN扩增DC-SIGN胞外区基因片段,插入原核表达载体pET17b,构建重组表达载体pET17b-sDC-SIGN,经酶切图谱和测序鉴定,转入E.coliBL21（DE3）诱导表达蛋白,用抗人DC-SIGN抗体-Sepharose4B亲和层系纯化表达产物,以SDS-PAGE和Westernblot鉴定。结果从重组质粒pGM-DC-SIGN扩增获得1300bp目的基因片段,构建重组表达质粒pET17b-sDC-SIGN,其酶切图谱和序列与预期相符。纯化表达产物sDC-SIGN,鉴定其分子质量为38000,Westernbolt证明其可与抗人DC-SIGN抗体特异性结合。结论获得了能高效表达重组人sDC-SIGN的大肠杆菌菌株和不带任何标签蛋白的sDC-SIGN蛋白,为深入研究sDC-SIGN的功能奠定了基础。     

猪链球菌2型疫苗候选分子FBP的表达及免疫学活性研究

目的 表达SS2纤连蛋白结合蛋白(fibronectin-binding protein,FBP),研究其免疫学活性,探讨其保护活性和作为疫苗候选分子的可能性.方法 用PCR技术从SS2临床分离株05ZYH33的基因组DNA中扩增出fbp基因片段,插入表达载体pET-30b( )中,构建重组表达载体pET30b-fbp.该载体经酶切鉴定和DNA测序鉴定后,转化E.coli.Rosetta,IPIG诱导表达,镍离子亲和层析纯化重组蛋白.Western blot证实目的蛋白的分子量和免疫反应原性.重组蛋白免疫小鼠后收集多抗血清,间接ELISA检测其效价.结果 PCR扩增的fbp基因长度约为1700 bp,所构建重组表达载体酶切鉴定无误、测序证实碱基序列100%正确且保持正确读框.IPIG诱导表达,目的蛋白表达量约占菌体总蛋白的10%.亲和层析获得目的蛋白,纯度达80%以上.Western blot检测证实该蛋白能与感染SS2的病人血清发生阳性反应.重组蛋白免疫小鼠后血清效价达1:25600以上.结论 成功构建了表达载体pET30b-fbp,可在工程菌E.coli.Rosetta中表达;表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性.     

宫颈癌相关新癌基因hWAPL的原核表达和免疫原性分析

目的:构建hWAPL原核表达载体,诱导hWAPL蛋白表达并制备其多克隆抗体。方法:RT-PCR技术扩增hWAPL cDNA片段,连接到pMD18-T载体,测序正确后亚克隆入原核表达载体pET28a并转化BL21菌株,用SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定重组菌的诱导表达情况,制备hWAPL蛋白并免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法测定其抗体效价,Western blot鉴定表达hWAPL蛋白的免疫原性。结果:①经PCR、双酶切鉴定和测序,证实hWAPL正确插入pMD18-T载体,序列正确。②经IPTG诱导的pET28a-hWAPL重组菌表达出相对分子质量(Mr)约为25000的蛋白,与预期蛋白Mr相符。③免疫小鼠后测得的平均抗体效价为1∶3200。④Western blot结果显示Mr约25000处有反应蛋白条带。结论:pET28a载体能够表达hWAPL蛋白,表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,其免疫小鼠后获得的多克隆抗体具有高效价和特异性。     

EGFRvIII/PEP-3 cDNA与HBcAg重组基因原核表达载体的构建、表达与免疫分析

目的:构建EGFRvIII与HBcAg重组基因的原核表达质粒,进行原核表达、纯化,观察表达蛋白的免疫原性和抗原性。方法:通过双酶切从pGEM-TEasy/PEP-3载体获得编码EGFRvIII突变区的cDNA片段,插入去除了主要免疫优势区的重组质粒pGEMEX/HBcAg中,获得重组质粒pGEMEX/c-PEP-3-c,将重组基因亚克隆于原核表达载体pET28a( )中,通过IPTG诱导蛋白表达,利用Ni2 -NTA亲和层析法对融合蛋白进行纯化;用融合蛋白常规免疫BALB/c小鼠,用间接ELISA检测小鼠血清中抗体的滴度。结果:经酶切鉴定、序列测定证实融合基因已插入pET28a( )载体中,融合基因序列与设计序列完全一致。原核表达后表达量占沉淀全菌蛋白的56%,纯化产物占总蛋白的92%,浓度约8g/L。BALB/c小鼠经4次免疫后,其血清中中和抗体的滴度可达1∶16000,第6次免疫后血清中中和抗体的滴度达到1∶2.56×105,抗PEP-3抗体滴度达到1∶1.28×105,抗HBcAg抗体滴度小于1∶4×103。结论:融合基因PEP-3-HBcAg在大肠杆菌中可获得高效表达,表达的融合蛋白可以诱导小鼠产生高滴度和高特异性中和抗体,从而为高表达EGFRvIII恶性肿瘤基因工程疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶的表达及单克隆抗体制备

目的 表达有生物活性的膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶(PAT),制备PAT蛋白单克隆抗体(mAb).方法 通过PCR克隆bar基因编码区全长,将bar基因与原核表达载体pET28a(+)连接,构建重组质粒pET28-bar并转化大肠杆菌菌株BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达,利用镍离子亲和层析纯化PAT蛋白,分析PAT蛋白活性.免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫后的小鼠脾脏与Sp2/0细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选分泌抗PAT蛋白抗体杂交瘤细胞.结果 在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式表达出重组PAT蛋白,纯化的重组PAT蛋白具有乙酰转移酶活性,制备了9株抗PAT蛋白mAb.结论 表达的PAT蛋白可以用于除草剂解除剂研究,制备的mAb可能用于转基因产品的检测研究.     

钙整合素结合蛋白CIB的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备与亚细胞定位

目的:构建钙整合素结合蛋白(calcium-and intesrin-binding protein,CIB)的原核表达载体,制备小鼠抗人CIB的多克隆抗体并探讨其亚细胞定位.方法:采用RT-PCR方法从人脑组织扩增CIB的cDNA片段,利用DNA重组技术构建原核表达载体pET32a-CIB,转入BL21(DE3)中,以IPTG诱导BL21(DE3)表达CIB融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE鉴定融合蛋白CIB的表达.用含CIB融合蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶颗粒为抗原免疫小鼠制备抗血清,抗血清分别经Protein G、抗原亲和层析后用Western blot及免疫组化方法进行鉴定.结果:通过重组表达获得CIB抗原蛋白,免疫小鼠并纯化抗血清得到特异性的抗CIB抗体,该抗体能检测细胞内源性CIB蛋白的表达;同时免疫组化结果显示:CIB在SHG44、Hhu7细胞株中主要定位于细胞质.结论:成功克隆CIB基因并制备了特异性的小鼠抗人的CIB多克隆抗体,对进一步研究CIB的功能奠定了基础.     

小鼠巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1β和Ret蛋白融合基因的克隆、表达与纯化

目的构建小鼠巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1β（murine macrophage inflammatory protein 1β，mMIP-1β）与原癌基因REF的融合基因并构建融合基因mMIP-REF的原核表达载体，在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法用RT-PCR方法分别扩增mMIP1β和REF的基因片段，利用分子克隆的方法将这两个片段用铰链GGIPG连接，并克隆到表达载体pET22b中。双酶切且测序正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21，构建表达pET22b mMIP1β-REF／His融合蛋白的菌株。经IPTG诱导表达后，ProBond Resin进行亲和层析纯化，然后纯化产物进行复性及超滤浓缩。结果成功克隆mMIP1β和REF基因片段；成功地构建了pET22b mMIP1β-RET／His融合蛋白原核表达载体，在大肠杆菌中获得表达，并对表达产物进行了纯化，和Western blot鉴定。结论成功制备高纯度mMIP1β-Ret／His融合蛋白，为进一步研究修饰的肿瘤抗原的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.