嗜铬粒蛋白A在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的　探讨血清嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)在前列腺癌 (PCa)诊断中的作用。 　方法　采用ELISA法测定 30例健康志愿者 ,35例前列腺癌患者及 10例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者的血清CgA ,分析比较各组CgA的水平。 　结果　PCa患者血清CgA(16 2± 12 .5 )ng/ml,与正常对照组 (6 0 .2± 19.8)ng/ml及BPH组 (81.3± 4 3.0 )ng/ml比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。血清CgA水平随癌分期的升高而升高 ,D2 患者血清CgA水平明显高于正常对照组及其他分期PCa组 (P分别 <0 .0 1和 <0 .0 5 )。CgA和前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)联合检测可提高对前列腺癌的诊断价值 ,平行试验敏感度83% ,系列试验特异度 93%。　结论　血清CgA水平可应用于前列腺癌的诊断、监测和疗效观察 ,尤其对PSA阴性或伴有远隔转移的病例具有重要意义。     

前列腺癌患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1检测的临床意义

目的　探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF Ⅰ )与前列腺癌 (PCa)发生发展的关系。　方法　采用免疫放射分析法 (IRMA)检测 3 7例PCa、3 5例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者和 2 0例健康人血清IGF Ⅰ ,比较各期PCa血清IGF Ⅰ水平 ,并对 8例行根治性前列腺全切术后患者手术前后IGF Ⅰ水平随访。　结果　PCa组血清IGF Ⅰ ( 3 2 5 .6± 10 0 .8)ng/ml,明显高于BPH组 ( 2 0 1.6± 5 3 .8)ng/ml和健康组 ( 179.0± 5 7.2 )ng/ml,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;BPH组与健康组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;8例PCa患者术前IGF I( 3 15 .8± 87.0 )ng/ml,术后 ( 2 2 4.8± 88.4)ng/ml,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PCa患者各期血清IGF Ⅰ比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　IGF Ⅰ有可能作为临床上一个新的PCa检测指标预测高危人群 ,进行早期诊断     

膀胱癌组织及血清中内皮抑素表达的意义

目的　探讨原发性膀胱癌患者血清内皮抑素水平和组织表达与肿瘤分级、分期的关系。　方法　采用免疫组织化学方法检测 4 5例膀胱癌组织及 12例正常膀胱组织中内皮抑素表达情况。ELISA法检测 5 8例膀胱癌患者术前血清内皮抑素水平 ,4 3例健康者血清作对照。　结果　浅表性膀胱癌组内皮抑素表达率 6 1.5 % ,浸润性癌组为 90 .6 % ,正常膀胱组织为 33.3%。膀胱癌患者血清内皮抑素 4 6 .3ng/ml,显著高于对照组的 2 9.8ng/ml(P <0 .0 1)。局部浸润性膀胱癌患者血清内皮抑素 4 8.6ng/ml,显著高于浅表性癌组的 31.1ng/ml(P <0 .0 1) ;远处转移组血清内皮抑素 6 9.8ng/ml,显著高于局部浸润组 (P <0 .0 1) ;浅表性癌组与对照组血清内皮抑素水平差异无显著性意义。G3级肿瘤患者血清内皮抑素水平显著高于G1和G2 级 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　膀胱癌患者血清内皮抑素水平和组织表达显著增高 ,并与肿瘤分级、分期相关 ,检测内皮抑素表达及血清水平有助于判断膀胱癌的恶性程度。     

血清PSA与良性前列腺增生临床病理的相关性研究

目的分析血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)临床病理的相关性。方法回顾性分析561例有下尿路梗阻症状经手术治疗后病理诊断为BPH的患者资料。年龄(68.3±6.3)岁,术前国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)21.1±7.4,生活质量评分(QoL)4.5±0.8,尿流率(7.3±3.3)ml/s,前列腺体积(69.8±36.8)ml,剩余尿(81.9±105.8)ml,血清PSA值＜4 ng/ml者247例(44.0%),4～10 ng/ml者223例(39.8%)、＞10 ng/ml者91例(16.2%)。结果血清PSA水平与患者年龄、IPSS、QoL、最大尿流率、剩余尿量无明显相关性(r=0.08、0.03、0.06、0.04、0.09,P＞0.05),而与前列腺体积呈显著正相关(r=0.42,p＜0.01)；血清PSA水平升高与前列腺体积(F=93.45,P＜0.05)及尿潴留发生率(x~2=59.1,P＜0.01)间有统计学意义。BPH组织标本中以腺体增生为主(x~2=16.14,P＜0.01)或伴有梗死病灶(x~2=36.06,P＜0.01)患者的血清PSA水平明显升高。结论50%以上接受手术治疗的BPH患者血清PSA水平升高,前列腺体积增大、尿潴留以及表现为腺体增生为主或伴有梗死灶的BPH是血清PSA水平升高的主要原因。     

血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

肝细胞癌根治性切除术后复发转移与血清转化生长因子-β1的关系

目的　探讨肝细胞癌 (HCC)患者术前血清转化生长因子 β1(TGF β1)与HCC根治性切除术后复发转移的关系。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附分析方法 (ELISA)检测 5 1例HCC患者术前血清TGF β1水平。采用Cox比例风险模型 ,对影响预后的指标进行分析 ,确定影响术后复发转移的指标。结果　HCC患者根治性切除术后 2年有复发转移组术前血清TGF β1水平(3 65 .13±10 8.67)ng/L明显高于无复发转移组(2 41.0 6± 89.73 )ng/L(P <0 .0 1)、术前血清TGF β1水平有癌栓组 (3 73 .13± 119.40 )ng/L明显高于无癌栓组(2 5 4.18± 81.5 6)ng/L(P <0 .0 1)、大肝癌组(3 5 1.44± 93 .79)ng/L明显高于小肝癌组 (2 76.83± 10 1.90 )ng/L (P <0 .0 1)、肿瘤无包膜组(3 42 .2 0± 13 0 .5 6)ng/L明显高于有包膜组(2 3 7.42± 97.89)ng/L(P <0 .0 5 )。Cox比例风险模型显示 :血清TGF β1、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤大小是影响HCC切除术后患者复发转移时间的显著因素(P值分别为 0 .0 0 5、0 .0 12和 0 .0 45 )。结论　HCC患者术前血清TGF β1水平是预测HCC根治性切除术后复发转移的指标。     

电化学治疗良性前列腺增生实验及临床观察

目的　探讨电化学治疗良性前列腺增生的安全性及临床疗效。　方法　观察电化学治疗对实验犬前列腺、邻近脏器形态结构及其心电图、肛温、电解质的影响 ;通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL)、最大尿流率 (Qmax)、剩余尿 (PVR)、前列腺体积 (V)观察 11例患者的治疗效果 ,前列腺血流阻力指数 (RI)评估局部血流量变化。　结果　合适长度电极 (从前列腺尿道内口计算 ,比对应的前列腺尿道短 10mm)对犬前列腺尿道有直接损伤作用 ,达到治疗效果 ;超长电极组 (比对应前列腺尿道长 10mm)可发生尿道直肠瘘、尿失禁等并发症。对其他邻近脏器均未见明显损伤。监测心电图、直肠温度及血清电解质无明显变化。临床应用 11例 ,治疗前RI为 (0 .70±0 .0 4 ) ,治疗后 2周为 (0 .73± 0 .0 3) ;治疗前IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR、V分别为 (2 6 .7± 6 .2 )、(4 .9±0 .5 )、(7.8± 2 .0 )ml/s、(12 9.1± 4 0 .8)ml、(4 8.0± 13.1)ml,治疗后 1个月分别为 (19.5± 4 .7)、(3.5± 0 .6 )、(12 .4± 3.1)ml/s、(6 4 .1± 2 7.4 )ml、(4 7.0± 13.5 )ml,其中IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR、RI治疗前后差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,V治疗前后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,总有效率 82 % ,无 1例并发症发生。　结论　操作正确、     

组织内消融术治疗前列腺增生疗效观察

目的 :探讨组织内消融术治疗前列腺增生的效果。方法 :经尿道消融治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH) 80例。结果 :随访 1～ 12个月 ,术后 12个月IPSS评分为 9.83± 1.6 5分 ,生活质量评分为 2 .4 6± 0 .2 0分 ,最大尿流率18.98± 1.4 5ml s,剩余尿 4 0 .6 5± 13.4 3ml,前列腺重量 31.2 8± 2 .4 1g ,前列腺体积明显缩小。结论 :本治疗方法操作简便、并发症少 ,特别适用于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度及高危BPH患者 ,是一种新的治疗BPH的良好方法。     

B超测定BPH体积参数评价膀胱出口梗阻的意义

目的 :探讨经直肠超声 (TRUS)测定良性前列腺增生 (BPH)各项体积参数对诊断膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的意义。　方法 :BPH病人 116例 ,年龄 5 9～ 75 (6 8.6± 5 .1)岁。应用TRUS测定前列腺各径数值 ,应用公式V =0 .5 2R1R2 R3 计算出前列腺体积各项参数 ,同时行尿动力学检查 ,并计算AG值。将前列腺体积 (PV)、移行带体积 (TZV)、移行带指数(TZI)与病人年龄、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)及AG值进行相关性分析。　结果 :PV、TZV及TZI分别为 (6 9.7± 4 5 .9)ml、(43.5± 2 5 .6 )ml和 0 .5 7± 0 .14。最大尿流率 (Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力 (Pdet.Qmax)及AG值分别为 (8.31± 5 .12 )ml/s、(82 .34± 33.4 7)cmH2 O和 6 6 .72± 30 .4 6。IPSS为 2 5 .3± 4 .7,PSA为 (4.12±3.6 4 )ng/ml。相关分析提示TZI(r=0 .74 2 ,P =0 .0 17)、TZV(r =0 .6 74 ,P =0 .0 31)与AG值有显著的相关性。IPSS与TZI、TZV呈正相关 ,PSA浓度与PV、TZV、TZI呈正相关。　结论 :通过TRUS测定BPH的各项体积参数和尿动力学检查一样 ,能够作为判断BOO的参考指标     

PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值

目的 研究血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及其密度(PSAD)和移行带密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值.方法 选取本院2014年5月至2015年5月收治的150例患者进行前列腺穿刺活检,分析并比较PSA、PSAD、PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的差异及其在确诊疾病方面的价值.结果 在前列腺穿刺活检的150例中发现PSA＜4 ng/mL有8例,4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL有66例,PSA ＞20 ng/mL有76例.其中在PSA＜4 ng/mL的8例中,活检结果良性前列腺增生6例,前列腺小细胞癌1例,前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例.在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL的66例中,活检结果诊断为前列腺癌增生患者54例,活检阳性率为81.8％,PSA平均值为(13.98±1.51) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.32±0.18);PSAT平均值为(0.35±0.18);活检前列腺癌12例,活检阳性率为19.2％,PSA平均值为(14.29±1.48) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.42±0.15),PSAT平均值为(0.82±0.15);将其分为良性前列腺增生组和前列腺癌组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).当PSAD ＞0.13或PSAT＞ 0.15时,前列腺癌的敏感性分别为92.86％和96.94％.在PSA＞ 20 ng/mL的76例中,前列腺癌有68例,活检阳性率89.47％.结论 在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL时,PSAD和PSAT对前列腺增生和前列腺癌的鉴别诊断具有重要意义,其中又以PSAT更为准确;PSA＞ 20ng/mL时,应高度怀疑前列腺癌,及时确诊治疗.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。