肾脏疾病的护理

目的讨论肾脏疾病的护理.方法配合治疗进行护理.结论泌尿系统主司机体生成和排泄尿液的功能,由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱、尿道及有关的血管和神经组成.肾脏不仅是主要的排泄器官,也是重要的内分泌器官,其主要功能是生成和排出尿液、调节机体水、电解质和酸碱平衡,维持机体的内环境的稳定.     

肾功能减退者如何合理用药

肾脏是药物排泄的主要器官。一旦因疾病导致肾功能不全时,由于肾脏排泄药物的能力以及药物的代谢能力均降低,药物与蛋白质结合的比例下降,游离量增     

计算机放射摄影在静脉肾盂造影中的应用

静脉肾盂造影(IVP)是诊断泌尿系疾病最常见的方法之一,它不但能测定肾脏的排泄功能,还可观察泌尿系统的器质性病变,简单易行,诊断价值高.     

浅析血尿的中医诊治

<正>血尿是临床常见的症状之一,是指尿中红细胞排泄异常增多,其发病原因各不相同,包括各种肾实质性疾病、尿路疾病、邻近器官系统疾病波及泌尿系统、凝血功能障碍等,是多种肾脏疾病的临床表现     

儿科的合理用药

药物是治疗疾病的重要的手段。药物在体内的分布受多种因素的影响,如pH值、细胞膜的通透性、药物与蛋白的结合程度、药物在肝脏内的代谢以及肾脏的排泄等。由于儿童肝脏的酶系统发育不成熟,肾脏的排泄功能也尚不成熟,某些药物的代谢减慢,半衰期延长,药物在血液中的浓度以及不良反应增强。故其合     

血清法木糖吸收试验在肾脏疾病脾虚证研究中的应用

以往在脾虚证本质研究中普遍采用的排泄法木糖吸收试验由于不能排除肾功能障碍的干扰，其诊断价值受到一定程度的影响，更限制了它在肾脏疾病脾虚证研究中的应用。笔者在对文献报道的方法进行改良的基础上建立起血清法木糖吸收试验，实验结果表明，应用该试验避免了肾功能的影响，提高了对小肠吸收功能的诊断价值，而且扩展了排泄法木糖吸收试验的应用范围。该试验对肾脏疾病的初步观察结果还表明，肾脏疾病的脾虚患者同样存在小肠吸收功能的低下（Ｐ＜０．０５）．且具有相对特异性。     

慢性肾功能衰竭的难治问题

<正> 慢性肾功能衰竭(简称慢性肾衰)是指因多种慢性肾脏疾病晚期引起的双侧肾实质产重损伤导致肾脏排泄、调节功能失常临床上出现许多代谢紊乱等一系列综合症——尿毒症,常危及生命。临床如能掌握治疗时机,     

中医药治疗慢性肾衰竭56例临床分析

慢性肾衰竭(CRF)是由各种肾疾病引起的慢性肾实质损害,逐渐出现肾的排泄和调节功能失常,而导致以蛋白质代谢产物潴留为主,水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调及内分泌功能异常的临床综合征,终末期又称尿毒症.是肾脏疾病和与肾脏有关疾病的最终归宿[1].本文对一组用中医药治疗慢性肾衰竭的56例患者进行回顾性分析,根据患者的病症配置中药方结合低蛋白、高热量饮食取得了较好的疗效.     

中医药治疗慢性肾衰竭研究现状及进展

<正>慢性肾衰竭(CRF)是多种原发性或继发性肾脏疾病晚期的共同归宿,是一组以进行性肾单位毁损而使肾脏的排泄功能、内环境稳定功能和内分泌功能等障碍为特征的临床综合征候[1]。CRF已成为人类健康的最大威胁之一[2]。因此,预防慢性肾脏病(CKD),减少各类疾病对肾脏的损害,延缓慢性肾衰竭的发生发展就十分重要。现代医学对于慢性肾衰竭已进行了非常深入的研究,治疗方法主要包括控制血压、治疗并发症、饮食疗法等,进入尿毒症期,     

慢性肾功能衰竭中医药研究进展概况

慢性肾功能衰竭(简称CRF慢性肾衰)是由多种原发或继发性肾脏疾病晚期的共同归宿，是一组以进行性肾单位毁损，从而使肾脏的排泄功能，内环境稳定和内分泌功能等发生障碍为特征的临床综合征。其发病率大致为万分之一，每年约有几万新发病人。现代医学治疗CRF的手段及存在的局限性：     

Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Oral Administration of Chinese Medicines and Retention-Enema—— A Report of 50 Cases

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disease of intestinal dysfunction, is also called emotional enteritis, mucous enteritis, irritable colon and so on1. It is often lingering with a long disease course and is easy to recur. The author has in recent years treated 50 cases of the disease by oral administration of Chinese medicines and retention-enema, with satisfactory results reported as follows.     

Treatment of HCV in patients with renal failure

There continues to be a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance hemodialysis, despite screening of blood products and precautions to prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis within dialysis units. In addition, an increased rate of mortality from liver disease has been observed in infected patients on long-term dialysis, despite the frequent absence of biochemical dysfunction. Hepatitis C-infected renal transplant recipients have diminished patient and graft survivals compared to uninfected controls. Treatment with interferon in renal transplant candidates has resulted in sustained viral responses that have been long lasting even after subsequent renal transplant. A major concern limiting the use of interferon following renal transplant is graft dysfunction due to rejection. Ribavirin's induction of hemolytic anemia is the major reason why it is avoided in patients with CKD. Cautious use of reduced-dose ribavirin in small studies has been promising in these patients with close monitoring of hematocrit and additional measures to enhance compensatory erythropoiesis.     

肾综合征出血热102例早期临床特点分析

目的探讨肾综合征出血热的早期临床特点。方法回顾性分析102例肾综合征出血热入院前的诊疗情况及预后。结果肾综合症出血热早期临床表现缺乏特异性,误诊率高达80．39％。发病早期补液量≤1000ml／d的患者肾脏损害较重,病程长,越期率低而合并其他脏器损害的发生率较高。结论强化肾综合征出血热的继续医学教育。流行季节对发热性疾病本着疑诊从宽的原则,合理补充液体并密切观察尿量,血、尿常规变化,是减少由于早期诊断困难造成治疗延误的方法。     

痛风患者伴发病回顾性研究

目的 探讨痛风与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等伴发病的关系.方法 回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年12月第三军医大学第三附属医院收治187例痛风患者临床资料,根据病程、有无痛风石、有无肾结石分组探讨伴发病与痛风的关系.结果 最常见的伴发病是血脂异常(51.45％),其次是高血压(46.52％)、骨关节炎(43.09％)、脂肪肝(42.19％)、肾结石(35.90％)、肾功受损(23.53％)和糖尿病(16.58％).病程大于或等于10年痛风患者更容易出现痛风石、肾功能受损、高血压及骨关节炎(P＜0.05);有痛风石患者血尿酸水平更高,更容易出现肾功受损和骨关节炎(P＜0.05);有肾结石与无肾结石两组患者伴发病的患病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 痛风患者伴发病的患病率高,发病年龄越小、病程越长、年龄越大或出现痛风石的痛风患者更容易出现伴发病.     

系统性红斑狼疮高血压的临床分析

１７６例系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）病人,其中６１例合并高血压,占３４．７％,其中４０例为一过性高血压,占６５．６％,２１例为持续性高血压,占３４．４％,一过性高血压可由肾病综合征,急性肾功能洽,狼疮活动、甲基强的松龙冲击及孢胞素Ａ治疗引起,持续性高血压则主要由慢性肾功能不全引起。伴有抗心磷脂（ＡＣＬ）抗体者易发生高血压。随病程延长及年龄增大,高血压患病率增加,合并高血压者死亡率增加。     

A case of intoxication caused by aciclovir overinfusion and cured by chinese medicine

The therapeutic course of an aciclovir-induced acute renal dysfunctional patients was summarized.This had been relieved through a 15-day treatment with Western medicine but with a two-week protracted low fever that was cured by the authors using Chinese medicinal herbs for supplementing qi to support essence,nourishing yin to depress fire,clearing heat,and detoxicating.For the sake of providing a reference to clinical medication,the materials used for the disease were recorded and analyzed to explore the clinical characteristics of Chinese medicine treatment and prevention of anaphylaxis responses,such as the protracted low fever after acute renal dysfunction induced by overinfused aciclovir.     

Clinical features of multiple organ failure in the elderly.

Multiple organ failure (MOF) in the elderly is a new syndrome evolved from multiple organ chronic diseases on the basis of multiple organ dysfunction in the aged. Its characteristics are clinically different from those of MOF due to serious trauma. 122 cases of MOF were analysed retrospectively and their clinical features discussed. MOF with a long course is the natural presentation in many of the elderly before death. Its main precipitating factors are pulmonary infection, metastatic carcinoma, cardiac attack, etc. The sequence of a failure in organs is heart, lung, kidney, liver, etc. The mortality is similar to that of MOF due to trauma. However, those suffering from 4-organ failure can still survive, and instead, the renal failure can be mostly fatal. More attention should be paid to the prevention of MOF in the elderly so as to shorten its developing course.

     

轻度肾功能不全与冠脉病变程度的关系

目的：探讨肾功能不全与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法：100例住院时行冠脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者,以入院时血清肌酐值水平分为肾功能正常组（血清肌酐值〈106．08μmol／L）及轻度肾功能不全组（178μmol／L≥血清肌酐值≥106．08μmol／L）,冠状动脉狭窄程度用造影图像处理系统测量,并计算其总狭窄指数,分析肾功能不全和冠脉狭窄程度的定性及定量关系。结果：肾功能不全独立于其他冠心病易患因素,与冠脉狭窄程度相关。结论：轻度肾功能不全可以作为评估冠心病严重程度的参考指标之一。     

肾移植患者环孢素A肝毒性作用的回顾性研究

目的：了解环孢素Ａ在肾移植患者肝功能受损中的作用和长期服用对患者的影响。方法：回顾性分析了３组资料：（１）１９７８年７月至１９８４年应用二联免疫抑制治疗（硫唑嘌呤＋泼尼松）的肾移植患者８３例，１９８５～１９９１年应用三联免疫抑制治疗（环孢素Ａ＋硫唑嘌呤＋泼尼松）的肾移植患者５８０例；（２）１９９４年１月至１９９７年８月进行的肾移植患者５１９例；（３）随访服用环孢素Ａ免疫抑制治疗８年以上患者６８例，     

Long term outcome of renal transplantation in the pre cyclosporin era: One centre’s experience

The number of renal transplants has been increasing steadily over the last twenty years. This increase has been associated with a significant improvement in the one year graft and patient survival. However, as survival improves, long term complications are becoming more clinically important. We, therefore, retrospectively reviewed our experience of renal transplantation in 165 patients between January 1970 and December 1980, and describe in detail the complications experienced by those whose grafts functioned for 10 years or longer. The 10 year patient survival rate was 47% and graft survival rate was 30%. The graft survival rate for living related grafts was superior to that of cadaveric grafts. The major cause of mortality in the first year following renal transplantation was infection and in subsequent years, cardiovascular disease predominated. Patients whose grafts functioned for 10 years or more developed a variety of complications including infection, skin cancer and hepatic dysfunction. Clinicians involved in the long term care of the patients need to be aware of these problems and skilled in their management.