同一术者ERCP+LC与LECBD+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的对比分析

目的 比较同一术者操作的内镜下逆行性胆胰管造影+腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ERCP＋LC）和腹腔镜胆总管探查+腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LECBD+LC）两种微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 收集2017 年1 月至2018 年7 月期间香港大学深圳医院肝胆胰外科收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病例102 例,患者接受同一术者操作的ERCP+LC（n=65）或LECBD+LC（n=37）,对两组手术中转率、胆总管结石清除率、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症发生率、住院时间等临床数据进行统计比较。结果 ERCP+LC组在手术时间[（129.88±47.91）min vs （183.54±74.75）min,P＜0.05]、住院时间[（7.15±3.14）d vs（ 10.68±5.00）d,P＜0.05]方面优于LECBD+LC组;在手术中转率、胆总管结石清除率、手术出血量、手术并发症发生率方面,两组无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 ERCP+LC和LECBD+LC均是治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的有效方法,应该根据患者的具体情况进行选择,术者同时熟练掌握两种方法才可能使患者获益。     

十二指肠镜联合微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管巨大结石的临床研究

目的:探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管巨大结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2012年5月至2017年5月为180例患者胆囊结石合并胆总管巨大结石患者分别行治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)联合二期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)、腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合及腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流治疗的临床资料。结果:180例患者均行ERCP,99例采用治疗性ERCP取出胆总管结石后二期行LC(A组); 81例患者于ERCP取石失败,放置鼻胆引流管后行腹腔镜手术,其中51例行LC+胆总管切开取石一期缝合术(B组),30例行LC+胆总管切开取石T管引流术(C组)。A组手术时间平均(55.1±10.3) min,术后排气时间平均(32.2±0.8) h,术后拔管时间平均(28.6±3.2) h,平均住院(4.6±1.4) d,术后无并发症发生;手术相关指标均优于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ERCP+LC是处理胆囊胆管结石的首选术式,经ERCP处理困难的胆管巨大结石可行内镜鼻胆管引流,根据具体情况行LC、胆总管切开取石一期缝合或T管引流术。     

两种微创术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果观察

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)/内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法采用LC+LCBDE治疗40例,实施ERCP/EST+LC治疗50例。对90例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析。比较两种术式的手术成功率、手术时间、住院时间、结石清除率及并发症发生率。结果 2种术式的手术成功率、手术时间、结石清除率及并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但LC+LCBDE的住院时间短于ERCP/EST+LC,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC+LCBDE与ERCP/EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石均有微创、结石清除率高、术后并发症少等优点,但LC+LCBDE术后恢复时间更短。应根据患者病情及术者的操作熟练程度综合分析,合理选择治疗方法。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗体会

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)、内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:在2010年1月至2015年11月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者中选取可耐受腹腔镜手术、ERCP且ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的成年患者作为研究对象,危急重症胆囊炎、急性胆管炎及要求保守治疗的患者未纳入研究。分为两组:LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组,比较分析两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症等指标。结果:共纳入76例患者,30例行LC+LCBDE,其中2例中转开腹;46例行ERCP/EST+LC,其中2例因ERCP取石失败,不予统计。两组患者术中出血量、术后并发症差异无统计学意义,LC+LCBDE组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用优于ERCP/EST+LC组,差异有统计学意义。结论:两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效相当,但LC+LCBDE可能更加经济实惠。     

腹腔镜老年胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查取石术98例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)联合胆囊切除术(LC)对老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果,为此类疾病的临床治疗提供新的参考。 方法采用前瞻性研究的方法对2012年1月至2016年12月收治的老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者98例进行研究,随机分为LCBDE＋LC组49例和ERCP/EST＋LC组49例;LCBDE＋LC组给予LCBDE＋LC手术治疗,ERCP/EST＋LC组患者采取内镜逆行胆管造影/内镜下括约肌切开取石术(ERCP/EST)联合LC手术治疗。采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析,手术成功率、结石残存率、并发症发生率等组间比较卡方检验分析;术中术后的各项指标的计量资料采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用t检验;P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果LCBDE＋LC与ERCP/EST＋LC组比较：手术成功率、复查后结石残留率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示两种手术方法效果相当。LCBDE＋LC组术中术后各项指标显著优于ERCP/EST＋LC组(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率低于ERCP/EST＋LC组,提示LCBDE＋LC组手术安全性高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。 结论采用LCBDE＋LC与ERCP/EST＋LC治疗老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效相当,但LCBDE＋LC手术方法的安全性更好,手术时间短、出血量少且手术费用低,可作为老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床治疗的首选方法之一。     

两种微创手术治疗老年患者胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床对比研究

【摘要】〓目的〓比较腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管探查(LC+LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影/内镜下0ddi括约肌切开术(ERCP/EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗老年患者胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法〓回顾性分析我院肝胆外科2010年1月到2013年1月收治的96例老年患者胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床资料,其中38例行LC+LCBDE,58例行EST+LC,对两组患者手术成功率、结石清除率、总的并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用等进行比较分析。结果〓两组患者并发症发生率、结石清除率及手术成功率差距均无统计学意义(P>0.05),LC+LCBDE组住院时间及费用明显低于ERCP/EST+LC组。结论〓对于老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,两种手术方式都是安全有效的。对于符合条件的老年患者,LC+LCBDE可作为主要的治疗方式。     

两种手术方法治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石的临床效果比较(116例报告)

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+胆总管一期缝合术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration+primary duct closure, LC+LCBDE+PDC)与内镜逆行性胆胰管造影/乳头括约肌切开+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy+laparoscopic cholecystectomy,ERCP/EST+LC)两种手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并细径(胆总管直径≤8 mm)胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月三二〇一医院收治的116例胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石患者的临床资料,55例行LC+LCBDE+PDC术(LCBDE组), 61例行ERCP/EST+LC术(ERCP组),比较两组的临床效果。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、胆总管直径、结石数量、最大结石直径、总胆红素、直接胆红素、白细胞计数比较无统计学差异(P>0....     

ERCP、EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)、内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年7月至2013年7月为145例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行ERCP+EST+LC/腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床资料,其中138例LC术前发现合并胆总管结石,先行ERCP+EST,根据EST术后并发症治愈情况再行LC;LC术后发现胆总管残余结石7例,于LC术后1周行ERCP+EST治疗。结果:术前发现合并胆总管结石的138例患者中,129例LC术前取石成功,胆总管结石完全排出,成功率93.5%,ERCP+EST术后出现胰腺炎或高淀粉酶血症11例,胆管炎1例,消化道出血1例,治疗痊愈后行LC。另有9例ERCP插管不成功后行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管探查T管引流术。LC术后发现胆总管残余结石7例,ERCP+EST取石均成功,无并发症发生。结论:ERCP+EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、康复快等优点,扩大了LC的指征,符合外科手术微创化的趋势,可在临床推广应用。     

ERCP联合LC一期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石在加速康复外科中的应用

探讨ERCP(内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术)联合LC一期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石在加速康复外科中的应用价值。选择2018年6月—2020年6月成武县人民医院普外科收治的胆囊结石并胆总管结石的106例患者的临床资料,其中术前拟定实施ERCP+LC一期手术治疗的56例患者作为ERCP+LC组,拟定实施LC+LCBDE术式的50例患者作为LC+LCBDE组。比较两组手术成功率、手术时间、胆总管结石残留率、术后并发症发生率、术后疼痛发生率、术后活动时间、术后住院时间、总医疗费用、术后满意度等。两组术前一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ERCP+LC组在手术时间、术后疼痛发生率、术后活动时间、术后住院时间、术后满意度方面优于LC+LCBDE组(P<0.05);两组在手术成功率、胆总管结石残留率、术后并发症发生率、总医疗费用方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ERCP联合LC一期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石能降低术后疼痛发生率,缩短术后活动及住院时间,改善患者满意度,可促进患者快速康复。     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

The advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has led to a reassessment of the approach to the management of choledocholithiasis. In a consecutive series of 418 patients undergoing LC, common bile duct (CBD) stones were suspected pre-operatively in 130 patients. Forty-five of the patients (35%) were found to have CBD stones on either pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; 20) or on operative cholangiography (OC; 25). Common bile duct stones were detected on OC in a further 12 of 288 patients (4.2%) without pre-operative suspicion of choledocholithiasis. Of the total of 57 patients with CBD stones, the duct was cleared by pre-operative ERCP and endoscopic sphincter-otomy (ES) in 15 patients. In 13 patients, two of whom had had a pre-operative ERCP and ES, duct clearance was achieved by relaxing the sphincter pharmacologically and flushing the CBD via the OC catheter. One patient had an on-table ERCP and ES with successful stone extraction during LC. Eleven patients were converted to open operation with bile duct exploration. Sixteen patients had a postoperative ERCP. In five patients the CBD stones had passed spontaneously in the time between LC and ERCP. Ten patients required ES to clear the duct of stones. One patient had a failed ERCP and is still awaiting a repeat. The remaining patient was scheduled, but did not return for follow-up ERCP. In summary, pre-operative ERCP was indicated in less than 10% of patients in this series. It was possible to deal with over one-third of CBD stones found at LC by the simple technique of pharmacological relaxation of the spincter of Oddi and flushing the duct through the cholangiogram catheter. Of the patients who required follow-up ERCP, one third had passed their CBD stones by the time of the examination and the rest required ES for stone extraction. Less than 3% of the entire series of patients were converted to open operation for exploration of the common bile duct.     

Must ERCP Be routinely performed if choledocholithiasis is suspected?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis and treatment of those patients suspected of harboring bile duct stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,235 consecutive LCs performed between 1991 and 1997 were studied prospectively. ERCP was performed to explore the common bile duct (CBD) preoperatively when choledocholithiasis was suspected on the basis of clinical, analytical or echographical data. RESULTS: ERCPs were performed in 268 patients: unsuccessful CBD evaluation in 3%; dilated CBD without lithiasis in 13%, and normal exploration in 37% (99 patients). CBD stones were found in 46% (124 patients), and endoscopic sphincterotomy was then performed and stone extraction attempted. Endoscopic therapy achieved 92.8% successful removal of CBD stones (115 patients). There was no ERCP-related mortality and the morbidity rate was 6%. Retained CBD stones have been observed in 7 cases after ERCP-LC; all of them have been successfully treated by ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: A combined approach to bile duct stones with selective use of ERCP followed by LC is a good therapeutical alternative. Nevertheless, the usual selection criteria for ERCP may lead to unnecessary exploration. It appears to be necessary to modify the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Copyright Copyright 1999 S.Karger AG, Basel     

Technical aspects in the laparoscopic management of complicated common bile duct stones

The management of common bile duct (CBD) stones traditionally required open laparotomy and bile duct exploration. With the advent of endoscopic and laparoscopic technology in the latter half of last century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the mainstream treatment for CBD stones and gallstones in most medical centers around the world. However, in certain situations, ERCP cannot be feasible because of difficult cannulation and extraction. ERCP can also be associated with potential serious complications, in particular for complicated stones requiring repeated sessions and additional maneuvers. Since our first laparoscopic exploration of the CBD (LECBD) in 1995, we now adopt the routine practice of the laparoscopic approach in dealing with endoscopically irretrievable CBD stones. The aim of this article is to describe the technical details of this approach and to review the results from our series.     

内镜与腹腔镜联合一期与二期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石疗效的前瞻性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨一期与二期腹腔镜联合内镜的不同治疗方法对胆囊结石同时合并胆总管结石患者的治疗疗效及安全性。 方法〓104例符合标准的患者分为2组:一期腹腔镜胆总管探查联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LCBDE+LC组,n=55)和二期内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术联合Oddi括约肌切开序贯腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP/S+LC组,n=49)。分析探讨两组患者手术成功率、术后并发症和术后住院时间的差异。 结果〓两组患者在流行病学和临床病例特点方面无明显差异,提示两组患者具有可比性。LCBDE+LC组和ERCP/S+LC组的患者手术成功率相近(分别为90.0%和95.9%, P=0.309),但ERCP/S+LC组的患者结石清除率更高(分别为93.6%和80.0%, P=0.046),两组患者术后并发症发生率无明显差异。此外,两组患者在术后住院时间和总体住院费用方面亦相近。在术后随访期间,LCBDE+LC组和ERCP/S+LC组分别有5.9%(3/51)和6.3%(3/48)的患者发现胆总管结石残留,差异无显著的统计学意义。结论〓胆囊结石同时合并胆总管结石的一期和二期双镜联合治疗方法具有相近的成功率,术后并发症发生率相若,远期复发无明显差异,但二期双镜联合治疗的手术结石清除率更高。     

EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石

目的：探讨EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的可行性及优越性。方法：先行EST（经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术）取出胆总管结石,再行LC（腹腔镜胆囊切除术）,EST失败或不宜行EST者置ENBD（鼻胆管）再行LC+腹腔镜下胆道探查、胆道镜取石,或开腹行胆道探查术。结果：全组99例,91例LC术前EST取石成功,3例LC术后EST取石成功,3例EST取石失败。2例年龄小于15岁者未行EST改行LC+腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆道镜胆道探查取石。3例EST取石失败,改行腹腔镜下胆道探查胆道镜取石、胆总管一期缝合或T管引流+LC,或开腹胆道探查一期缝合胆总管未置T管（已置ENBD）。无严重并发症,患者均治愈出院。结论：EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石是安全、可靠的方法,软硬镜联合充分体现了“微创”治疗的优势。     

Current management of common bile duct stones in a teaching community hospital

The advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has complicated management of common bile duct (CBD) stones. While LC is routine, laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) is not, and an algorithm to manage suspected choledocholithiasis has not been uniformly accepted. We evaluated current management of choledocholithiasis. Patients suspected of having CBD stones over a 2-year period were evaluated, and 42 studies in the literature were reviewed. Thirty-two patients were identified. Fourteen patients (44%) had LC with intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) with no preoperative studies. IOC revealed CBD stones in nine (64%). Seven had CBD exploration (CBDE) at cholecystectomy, and two had postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). CBDE was successful in five cases, and ERCP was successful in one. Eighteen patients (56%) underwent preoperative ERCP. Five (28%) had no CBD stones. ERCP removed stones in nine patients, and four had open CBDE after failed ERCP. Current literature supports LC with IOC without any preoperative studies. Laparoscopic CBDE is highly successful but depends on surgeon experience. Removing CBD stones with ERCP is also very successful but is associated with increased cost, hospital stay, and complications. We conclude that LC with IOC should be performed without preoperative ERCP when choledocholithiasis is suspected. If found, stones should be removed laparoscopically if possible.     

ERCP in association with laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background With the evolution of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as the standard operation for benign gallbladder disease, the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones has to be defined. Methods From November 1990 to April 1994 we attempted LC in 1,788 patients. Eighty-nine patients underwent ERCP preoperatively under the following indications: jaundice or a history of jaundice, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis, abnormal liver function tests, and a sonogram showing either CBD stones or a dilated CBD. With intent to minimize the number of unnecessary ERCPs only patients with jaundice, cholangitis, and high abnormalities on the liver function tests (LFTs) were directly referred for ERCP. All other patients with suspected choledocholithiasis were initially investigated with intravenous cholangiography (IVC) and tomography; only patients with positive findings on IVC subsequently underwent ERCP. Eighteen patients underwent ERCP postoperatively and the indications included jaundice, bile leak, and abnormal intraoperative cholangiogram. Results Of the 89 patients having ERCP preoperatively 54 patients (60.7%) were found to have CBD stones which were removed endoscopically in all cases except in one patient where a large CBD stone was removed during laparoscopic exploration of the CBD. Eight patients of the 18 patients having ERCP postoperatively were found to have CBD stones and all of them had their CBD cleared endoscopically. There were no mortalities, while four patients developed a mild pancreatitis. Conclusions Although there is an increasing tendency to clear the bile duct with a laparoscopic approach, ERCP and sphincterotomy has a certain role in conjunction with LC in the management of patients with a high suspicion of CBD stones, particularly in institutions where there is easy access to expert interventional endoscopic techniques.