甲后皱襞U形切除扩大甲床术的临床应用

指尖损伤伴甲床缺损、指骨外露时,无论行残端修整或皮瓣修复,甲床面积都将缩小,直接影响指甲的外形。自2005年来,本院采用甲后皱襞U形切除扩大甲床术治疗甲床远端缺损108例,效果满意,现报道如下。     

Surgical intervention for complications of transcatheter dilation procedures in congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter interventions have assumed an important role in the management of many forms of congenital heart disease. While complications of transcatheter interventions are uncommon and usually minor, significant complications requiring operation do occur on occasion. The purpose of this report is to present our experiences with seven such complications, and to review the literature on this topic. METHODS: Seven patients who required operation after a transcatheter dilation procedure between 1992 and 1998 are described. Three patients required retrieval of retained foreign bodies (stents or balloons), and repair of the underlying abnormality. Two patients underwent repair of fistulas between 2 great vessels, or a great vessel and a cardiac chamber. One patient required operation for a postdilation aneurysm. One patient underwent urgent repair of severe aortic regurgitation after balloon aortic valvuloplasty. RESULTS: All patients survived and are doing well, with no further need for catheter or operative intervention, from 8 months to 6 years after operation. Additional reported complications requiring operation are discussed as well. CONCLUSIONS: Operation for complications of catheter interventions in congenital heart disease is seldom necessary. Though uncommon, a variety of such complications may occur, including vascular, valvar, intracardiac, and foreign body complications. When operation is required, results are typically very good.     

Surgical nail procedures

As the so-called "non-surgical" nail procedures grow more and more aggressive and invasive in nature, the cold steel matrixectomy becomes an increasingly viable alternative. Many chemical and thermal matrixectomies are performed under poor aseptic conditions, increasing the risk of wound infection. With chemical matrixectomy, regulation of the level of tissue destruction is uncontrolled and often results in bone injury. The combination of these two elements can result in delayed diagnosis and recognition of osteomyelitis. When a practitioner is faced with a challenging ingrown, dystrophic, or mycotic nail, surgical nail removal should be considered the preferred technique. Etiologic variants of nail deformity, such as hypertrophied ungual labia, subungual exostosis, traumatized nail, and prominent underlying bony condyles, are well managed by the two procedure modifications presented. Advantages in asepsis, quicker wound healing, low reoccurrence rates, and good postoperative cosmesis make surgical nail removal a good choice. The difficulty of the technique and the danger of bone infection have frightened many practitioners away from the cold steel nail procedure. The preferred phenol technique or "p and a" may be simpler to perform, but it yields an unpredictable result. The constant draining and erythema of a phenolized nail may mask an underlying infection. This is one reason why cold steel nails are the preferred technique for nail removal in a diabetic patient. Complications makes cold steel a necessary addition to the surgeons armamentarium. We have presented a brief clarification and historical overview of the four most important contributors to surgical nail removal. These four techniques (Winograd, Frost, Zadik, and Kaplan) have been interwined into the two modifications commonly used today. By following the step-by-step surgical method presented and adding the reader's own successful techniques, a good surgical result can be easily achieved.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral nail fold

The digital nail complex is occasionally involved by squamous cell carcinoma. The published literature has either been indiscriminating of the site of origin of this tumour within the nail complex or has concentrated attention on the nail bed as the site of pathology. Tumours originating in the lateral nail fold can be clearly differentiated from those of the nail bed itself. This study identifies six cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the lateral nail fold. While surgical convention remains to amputate the digital tip for squamous cell carcinoma of any part of the nail complex, the dermatological literature identifies that local surgery can be curative for these tumours, when presenting early and without bone involvement, although offering no discussion of reconstruction. Reconstruction is desirable and methods of achieving this following local excision of lateral nail fold tumours are illustrated in this series.     

Surgical intervention for emphysematous pulmonary regions in a postoperative infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A postoperative infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) developed extrinsic obstruction of the trachea by the innominate artery that ensued from unequal expansion of the lungs followed by left mediastinal shift. Septation of the anterior mediastinum prevented unequal expansion of the lungs, and elongation of the innominate artery improved proximal airway obstruction. Prolonged artificial ventilation, however, resulted in the emphysematous bullae in the left lung. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), at 3 years of age, ameliorated the respiratory distress and resulted in good weight gain. Surgical intervention, including LVRS, should be considered to improve respiratory disturbance caused by difference in compliance of the lungs in children.     

The microvasculature of the nail bed, nail matrix, and nail fold of a normal human fingertip

The organization of the microvasculature of the dorsal human fingertip based on a vascular corrosion cast was examined using a stereoscopic microscope. The variations of the superficial capillary network of the 3 specialized areas of skin of the dorsal fingertip (the nail bed, the nail matrix, and the nail fold) are described. In the nail bed numerous capillary loops were observed arising from a deeper regular arrangement of sagittally aligned, parallel rows of vessels. The size and direction of inclination of the capillary loops varied, getting longer and more inclined to the nail bed distally, with the longest capillary loops seen at the hyponychium. There were no capillary loops at the nail matrix region, but there was a single, layered, rectangular plexus of capillaries in the plane of the nail matrix. This extended distally to sagittally stretched coils of vessels that straightened out as the nail matrix enters the nail bed region. At the edge of the proximal nail fold the capillary loops looked like fine bristles and were approximately 3 times shorter than those found on the nail bed and hyponychium. This study provides a baseline for future work in understanding the changes in the microvasculature of the dorsal fingertip due to injury or pathology.     

Surgical management of congenital permanent dislocation of the patella in nail patella syndrome by Stanisavljevic procedure

We report a patient with nail patella syndrome associated with congenital permanent dislocation of the patella successfully operated on using a modified Stanisavljevic method. The patient, a 26-year-old woman, complained of inability to completely extend her right knee joint. She had occasionally experienced the "giving way" phenomenon since childhood, but she had not received any treatment since birth. Physical examination showed that all fingernails were deformed, with longitudinal striations, while the lunules were of an abnormal triangular shape or were missing. Both patellae were palpably hypoplastic, with the right patella dislocated laterally, and the knee had an extension lag of 90 degrees. Thigh and leg muscle were slightly underdeveloped, but quadriceps muscle contraction was good. Several radiographs were taken and they showed bilateral iliac horns and hypoplasia of the bilateral humero-radial joints and of both patellae, and complete dislocation of the right patella. We employed the Stanisavljevic procedure for the reduction of the patella, with Z-lengthening of the rectus femoris and medial translocation of the tibial tuberosity. Four years after the operation, a 30-degree extension lag still exists in the right knee, but the treatment resulted in stable alignment of the quadriceps mechanism, and notably improved gait appearance. Received for publication on Dec. 8, 1998; accepted on May 12, 1999     

先天性食管闭锁外科治疗概况

先天性食管闭锁（oesophageal atresia,OA）是一组少见而威胁生命的食管先天畸形的总称,包括食管闭锁合并或者不合并气管食管瘘,以及单纯的食管气管瘘。流行病学研究表明,其发病率大约为3000～5000活产婴儿中有1例”,发病无性别倾向,目前大多学者认为其为散发性疾病,家族性食管闭锁非常罕见,病例不足1％,但在双胞胎其发生率会上升2～3倍。     

成人先天性胆管扩张症手术治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性胆管扩张症手术治疗的经验体会。方法 回顾分析1985年1月至2004年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院普外科收治的成人先天胆管扩张症68例手术治疗资料。依Flanigan分型：Ⅰ型59例，Ⅱ型3例，Ⅳ型6例。所有病例均行囊肿切除，结果 术后发生胆汁漏6例。胰漏3例，急性胰腺炎2例。死亡2例，56例经1-20年随访，随访率为82．3％。5例表现轻度胆管炎，2例吻合口狭窄。余下49例均痊愈，无胆管炎及胆管狭窄表现。结论 囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合是成人先天性胆管扩张症的首选治疗。切除囊肿时，囊肿近端在尽量切净囊肿基础上行大口吻合，防止术后吻合口狭窄；囊肿远端在保证睫液引流通畅、不损伤胰管开口的基础上，尽量切净囊肿内膜。     

成人先天性胆管囊肿术式的选择与疗效分析

目的　探讨成人胆管囊肿的手术术式及手术时机与远期疗效的关系。方法　对1980年 1月至 1999年 6月 70例手术治疗的成人先天性胆管囊肿手术术式、手术时机和术后的优良率、再手术率和癌变率等资料进行回顾性分析。结果　囊肿外引流术再手术率 86 % (6 / 7) ;囊肿内引流术后优良率 (3/ 10 )显著低于囊肿切除术 (4 5 / 49,χ2 =2 0 94,P <0 0 0 1)、再手术率显著高于囊肿切除术 (5 / 10对 3/ 49,χ2 =13 6 4,P <0 0 0 1)、癌变率也显著高于囊肿切除术 (3/ 10对 3/ 49,χ2 =5 18,P <0 0 2 5 ) ;急诊手术再手术率显著高于择期手术 (8/ 10对 6 / 5 6 ,χ2 =2 4 37,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　囊肿外引流术应作为急诊手术时的急救措施和首选术式。囊肿内引流术应废用 ,急诊手术时也不宜采用。囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux en Y吻合术应作为择期手术的首选术式。     

先天性分裂手畸形的手术治疗

目的 介绍治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形(Manske-Halikis分型法)的手术方法.方法 2005年3月至2010年7月,手术治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形共8例(9侧),另有分型外的特殊类型2例.其中采用Barsky法治疗Ⅰ型2例,Barsky法联合虎口开大全厚皮片植皮治疗ⅡB型1例,Ueba法治疗ⅡB型1例,Snow-Littler法治疗Ⅲ型3例,Ueba法治疗Ⅲ型1例2侧,术后早期虎口开大支具固定,并逐渐调整,持续固定8～ 12周.另有分型外的特殊类型2例,采用皮瓣转移、第五掌骨截骨小指移位固定第4或第3掌骨手术.结果 8例Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形中,6例术后获得1～6年的随访(2例失访),裂口矫正后重建指蹼接近正常,外形满意.虎口角度为70°～90°,拇指可与其他手指对指,患手恢复了抓捏功能.2例特殊类型分裂手畸形的患儿,手掌的外形取得了明显的改善,小指功能不尽满意.结论 治疗先天性分裂手畸形的关键是通过皮瓣转移和骨转移来矫正裂开畸形和虎口重建,选择Snow-Littler法治疗Ⅲ型分裂手,可达到理想的外形和功能.     

肠系膜上动脉栓塞的外科手术治疗

肠系膜上动脉栓塞性疾病是血管外科急症,临床上虽不如肢体动脉栓塞常见,但该症起病急骤,病情进展快,而且容易误诊为其他急腹症,因而有较高的死亡率,血管外科医生应对此病有较深入的了解和认识,努力提高诊治水平,降低其死亡率。     

Wedge excision of the nail fold in the treatment of ingrown toenail

Many treatment modalities of ingrown toenail are reported in the literature, often associated with unacceptably high recurrence rate. The authors present their technique, which aims at reducing the convexity of the nail fold. After complete removal of the nail plate and accurate debridement of the granulomatous tissue, a wedge-shaped ellipsis of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lateral to the affected nail fold, is removed. Approximation of the margins of the resulting defect determines eversion of the nail fold. One hundred twenty ingrown toenails were treated with the wedge excision of the nail fold at the outpatient clinic of the department of plastic surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy, between January 1998 and January 2002. Six recurrences were observed. In addition to the high cure rate, short postoperative pain duration, and morbidity as well as low risk of postoperative infection, the remarkable esthetic results achievable with this method are indicated.     

Surgical intervention in histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis is a ubiquitous disease in endemic areas that has a generally subclinical course. Excessive inflammatory response may bring some patients to the attention of a thoracic surgeon to exclude malignancy of a noncalcified pulmonary or mediastinal mass or to relieve compression of specific structures. Mediastinal granuloma or fibrosing mediastinitis may involve the superior vena cava, pulmonary vessels, heart and pericardium, tracheobronchial tree, or esophagus. The cases of 94 recently treated patients are presented as well as a review of the American surgical literature. The current use of computed tomography, the time and extent of operative intervention, and the role of antifungal therapy are important to an overall understanding of the surgical treatment of the manifestations of histoplasmosis.     

部分甲板、甲床及甲皱襞切除术联合应用石炭酸治疗嵌甲

2000年2月-2008年6月,笔者采用部分甲板、甲床及甲皱襞切除术联合应用石炭酸治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期嵌甲患者65例,经随访疗效确切。 1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组65例（70趾）,男40例,女25例,年龄12-52岁。单趾60例,双趾5例,均为嵌甲处疼痛及屡发感染者。