老年风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴中度返流PBMV治疗29例分析

目的探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗老年性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)伴中度二尖瓣返流疗效。方法用Inoue球囊导管行PBMV治疗老年性二尖瓣狭窄伴中度返流患者29例。比较手术前后血流动力学变化。结果术后血流动力学明显改善,球囊扩张前后二尖瓣面积、跨膜压差、左房平均压及心功能比较有明显的变化(P<0.01)。左室最大前后径无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论只要掌握好病例选择,严格掌握操作技术,把握球囊扩张终点,球囊充盈时机,球囊直径,老年性二尖瓣狭窄伴中度返流患者PBMV术后可取得满意的疗效。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣狭窄伴中度返流

目的　探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)伴中度二尖瓣返流(MR)的近、远期疗效。方法　采用自制二尖瓣球囊导管治疗MS伴中度MR患者 6 2例 ,其中二尖瓣膜明显增厚、钙化者 7例 ,对左室最大前后径、二尖瓣口面积、左房平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及心功能(NYHA分级 )等主要指标随访观察 12～ 36个月。结果　术后二尖瓣口面积明显增大 [(0 83± 0 18)cm2 比 (1 86± 0 2 4 )cm2 ,P <0 0 1],左房平均压 [(32± 8)mmHg比 (13± 8)mmHg ,P <0 0 1,1mmHg=0 133kPa]及二尖瓣跨瓣压差 [(18± 9)mmHg比 (5± 3)mmHg ,P <0 0 1]明显降低 ,心功能明显改善 [(2 81± 0 2 4 )级比 (1 4 6± 0 37)级 ,P <0 0 1],左室最大前后径无显著改变 [(4 5± 4 )mm比 (4 6± 4 )mm ,P >0 0 5 ]。对左室最大前后径、二尖瓣口面积及心功能等指标随访观察 12～ 36个月均无明显改变。结论　选择合适病例 ,严格把握球囊扩张终点 ,风湿性二尖瓣狭窄并中度返流患者PBMV的近、远期疗效显著。     

二尖瓣球囊成形术在二尖瓣狭窄合并左房血栓形成中的应用

目的:评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄伴左房血栓形成的疗效、安全性。方法:56例伴有左房血栓形成患者术前经正规华法林抗凝治疗后,采用改良的房间隔定位法即井字定位法及运用跨二尖瓣技巧对二尖瓣狭窄伴左房血栓形成患者行逐步球囊扩张,以血流动力学评估手术前后即刻左房压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及二尖瓣口面积,并进行手术后随访,观察有无体循环血栓栓塞等并发症。结果:与术前相比较,术后左心房平均压下降[(21.6±3.7)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)∶(35.1±4.2)mmHg]、二尖瓣跨瓣压差显著下降[(7.1±3.1)mmHg∶(16.8±4.5)mmHg)],二尖瓣口面积增大[(1.65±0.28)cm2∶(0.71±0.14)cm2],差异极有统计学意义(均P<0.01),心功能明显改善。超声心动图随访结果表明,经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术疗效稳定,无血栓栓塞并发症发生。结论:左房血栓形成仅为经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术的相对禁忌证,对于经充分华法林抗凝治疗的患者而言,经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术操作技术的改进能明显改善其症状,是安全有效的。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗老年二尖瓣狭窄的近期疗效

目的探讨老年风湿性心脏病(RHD)二尖瓣狭窄(MS)患者行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术(PB-MV)的近期疗效及安全性。方法对32例老年风湿性心脏病MS患者进行PBMV并对结果进行分析。结果术后肺动脉平均压、左房平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压显著下降(P0.001),超声心动图检查示二尖瓣口面积显著扩大(P0.001),心排量明显增加(P0.05),左室射血分数显著上升(P0.001),操作相关并发症少。结论PBMV治疗老年风湿性心脏病MS患者近期疗效好,成功率高,严重并发症少。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者球囊扩张术后6个月疗效观察

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)在老年及瓣膜钙化程度重的患者中的 6个月效果。　方法　选择我院行PBMV患者 6 82例 ,以血液动力学评价术前及术后即刻左房压、肺动脉平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积 ;超声心动图评价术前和术后 6个月二尖瓣口面积及跨瓣压差。　结果　PBMV有效缓解二尖瓣口的机械性狭窄 ,引起左房压、二尖瓣跨瓣压 ,肺动脉压力下降及二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)增加 ,两组患者均获益 ,老年组分别平均下降 (9 1± 1 1)mmHg、(10 9± 2 2 )mmHg、(9 1± 1 5 )mmHg、MVA增加 (0 5 2± 0 16 )cm2 ;非老年组分别为 (8 9± 2 4 )mmHg、(7 3± 0 8)mmHg、(7 3± 2 3)mmHg、MVA增加 (0 6 6± 0 11)cm2 。超声随访结果显示 ,PBMV疗效稳定。　结论　PBMV较为明显的改善二尖瓣狭窄症状 ,具有微创、低风险的特点。适用于瓣膜钙化重、条件差和高危围术期而不适合二尖瓣置换术的老年患者。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者球囊扩张术后的近期临床观察

目的　观察风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)的球囊直径及扩张后心功能 ,血流动力学及心腔大小的变化。方法　选择风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者共 2 7例 ,采用Inoue法行PBMV ,球囊扩张直径为身高 / 10 +10mm ,分别测定其扩张前后左房及左室压力 ;随访其术前及术后近期心功能 ;超声评价术前 1周、术后 1周、1、3、6月二尖瓣瓣口面积、二尖瓣跨瓣压差、最大肺动脉收缩压及心腔大小的变化。结果　扩张即刻左房压力及二尖瓣跨瓣压差明显下降 ,舒张期杂音减轻 ,左室舒张末期压力增加 ;术后一周左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大 ,心功能改善不明显 ;术后一月左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大及心功能改善均达最佳效果 ,并维持至观察结束时。结论　风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者仍可以球囊直径 =身高 / 10 +10mm进行扩张 ;术后 1周心腔大小明显变化 ,1月达最佳效果 ;心功能的改善 1月才达最佳效果。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗伴巨大左心房的重度二尖瓣狭窄的临床研究

目的:评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病(风心病)重度二尖瓣狭窄(MS)合并巨大左心房的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法:风心病重度MS合并巨大左心房患者共28例,其中男9例,女19例,年龄20～51(34.9±7.5)岁。采用常规及改良的非常规方法进行PBMV。以手术前后肺动脉平均压、左房平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及左心房直径、二尖瓣口面积等血流动力学指标评估PBMV效果,并观察有无体循环血栓栓塞等并发症。结果:PBMV成功率为100%。与术前相比较,术后肺动脉平均压下降[(42.28±7.58)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)∶(23.17±5.99)mmHg]、左心房平均压下降[(28.11±6.18)mmHg∶(13.11±4.43)mmHg]、二尖瓣跨瓣压差显著下降[(19.55±6.14)mmHg∶(7.87±3.01)mmHg)],差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);同时左心房直径明显减小[(68.61±8.92)cm∶(51.39±7.88)cm]、二尖瓣口面积增大[(0.75±0.17)cm2∶(1.87±0.33)cm2],差异亦均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),心功...     

超声评价二尖瓣狭窄经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术后心功能变化

目的:探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗非单纯性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)的效果。方法:使用超声心动图检测33例单纯性MS、MS合并轻、中度二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)和MS合并轻、中度主动脉关闭不全(AR)二组患者PBMV术前及术后复查时左室射血分数(LVEF)值和心脏房、室内径大小变化。结果:3组PBMV术后复查时LVEF值较术前明显增大(P<0.001);左室内径与术前比较无显著差异(P<0.05);单纯性MS组和MS合并轻、巾度AR组PBMV术后复查时左房内径比术前明显减小(P<0.05);MS合并轻、中度MR组PBMV术后左房内径与术前比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:非单纯性MS患者PBMV术后心功能也有明显好转。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术分析

目的 探讨进一步提高二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄(MS)的成功率、疗效及防止并发症发生.方法应用Inoue单球囊对56例MS行PBMV,观察术前、术后左房平均压、心功能、跨二尖瓣压力阶差(MVPG)及二尖瓣口面积(MVA).结果 本组心功能明显改善,左房平均压24.3±6.4降至11.6±3.5mmHg、MVPG从21.3±7.2降至3.9±2.6mmHg、MVA从1.01±0.31扩大到2.24±0.26cm~2.结论PBMV治疗MS是一种非手术有效安全的方法.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效

目的 观察经皮球囊三尖瓣成形术近期及远期疗效.方法 自1992年4月至2008年11月采用Inoue单球囊法对1768例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗.对其中自1992年4月至1998年8月426例术后10年患者进行随访.球囊扩张前后均采用同步记录左心房和左心室压力,计算二尖瓣跨瓣压差.术前、术后及随访中均采用超声心动图检查和临床心功能评价.结果 1748例完成PBMV治疗,成功率为98.86%.左心房平均压由术前(38±7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)下降至(12±4)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由术前(28±6)mm Hg下降至(8±3)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣口面积由术前(0.98±0.26)cm~2增加至(1.97±0.39)cm~2(P<0.001).主要并发症为死亡2例,急性心包填塞1例,肺水肿1例,重度二尖瓣反流12例,脑栓塞2例.426例PBMV术后10年随访,心功能仍然维持在纽约心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未冉进行PBMV或换瓣术者288例(67.6%),冉狭窄140例(33.3%),死亡31例(7.5%).结论 PBMV是治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的有效方法 .     

Floppy mitral valve, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral valvular regurgitation

Opinion statement  

Non-surgical mitral valvuloplasty for rheumatic mitral stenosis

One hundred and twenty-six patients of rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), aged 10-30 (mean 19.5 +/- 5.9) years underwent balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). All valvuloplasties were done by the anterograde transvenous, transatrial route. The procedure was successful in 120 (95%) cases. Single balloon was used in 10 patients early in the series and double balloon was used in the other 110 patients. BMV resulted in a significant increase in the mitral valve area (MVA) from 0.96 +/- 0.35 to 2.3 +/- 0.8 cm2 (p less than 0.0001) and a significant fall in the transmitral pressure gradient (TMG) from 28.2 +/- 3.2 to 7.4 +/- 4.8 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The MVA achieved by BMV was found to have a significant positive correlation with the balloon diameter to body surface area ratio (BD/BSA) (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). New mitral regurgitation (MR) developed in 15 patients--trivial in 11, 2+ in 2 and 3+ in 2. One patient required emergency mitral valve replacement. Procedure induced MR did not have a significant relation to the balloon size, degree of mitral sub-valvular pathology or the severity of mitral stenosis. Iatrogenic atrial septal defect was detected by oximetry in none, by angiography in one patient, and by Doppler color flow imaging in 5 patients. Cardiac tamponade was the most frequent serious complication, occurring in 6 patients, 4 of whom died following emergency surgery. Sixty-five patients have been followed up for at least 6 months (range 6-30, mean 16.3 +/- 6.3 months) following BMV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Inoue-balloon mitral valvuloplasty in double-orifice mitral stenosis

We report 7 symptomatic patients with stenotic double-orifice mitral valve of incomplete bridge type. In each patient, the fibrous bridge tissue between the valve leaflets was successfully split using an Inoue balloon valvuloplasty technique with stepwise dilations applied only to the posteromedial orifice.     

Percutaneous mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with, ischemic, and degenerative (prolapse) disease, contributes to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to remodeling, and LV dilation, resulting in worsening of MR. Mitral valve (MV) surgical repair has provided improvement in survival, LV function and symptoms, especially when performed early. Surgical repair is complex, due to diverse etiologies and has significant complications. The Society for Thoracic Surgery database shows that operative mortality for a 1st repair is 2% and for re-do repair is 4 times that. Cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest are required. The attendant morbidity prolongs hospitalization and recovery. Alfieri simplified mitral repair using an edge-to-edge technique which subsequently has been shown to be effective for multiple etiologies of MR. The MV leaflers are typically brought together by a central suture producing a double orifice MV without stenosis. Umana reported that MR decreased from grade 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 0.8 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.0001) and LV ejection fraction increased from 33 +/- 13% to 45 +/- 11% (P = 0.0156). In 121 patients, Maisano reported freedom from re-operation of 95 +/- 4.8% with up to 6 year follow-up. Oz developed a MV "grasper" that is directly placed via a left ventriculotomy and coapts both leaflets which are then fastened by a graduated spiral screw. An in-vitro model using explanted human valves showed significant reduction in MR and in canine studies, animals followed by serial echo had persistent MV coaptation. At 12 weeks the device was endothelialized. These promising results have paved the way for a percutaneous or minimally invasive-off pump mitral repair. Evalve has developed catheter-based technology, which, by apposing the edges of a regurgitant MV, results in edge-to-edge repair. Release of the device is done after echo and fluoroscopic evaluation under normal loading conditions. If the desired effect is not produced the device can be repositioned or retrieved. Animal studies show excellent healing, with incorporation of the device into the leaflets at 6-10 weeks with persistent coaptation. Another percutaneous approach has been to utilize the proximity of the coronary sinus (CS) to the mitral annulus (MA). Placement of a self-compressing device in the CS along the region of the posterior MA has, in canine models, reduced MR and addresses the issues of MA dilation and its contribution to MR. Ongoing studies are underway for both techniques.     

分级次二尖瓣球囊扩张预防二尖瓣反流的初步研究

目的为探讨经皮穿刺球囊导管二尖瓣扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）引起二尖瓣反流（ＭＲ）的原因及其预防方法。方法我们采用分级次扩张法和改良Ｉｎｏｎｅ法对人体病变二尖瓣和硅胶二尖瓣模型进行体外球囊导管扩张实验，并对１３２例风湿性心脏病重度二尖瓣狭窄患者，其中分别以分级次扩张法９６例，Ｉｎｏｎｅ法３６例进行ＰＢＭＶ的前瞻性对比研究。结果（１）ＰＢＭＶ引起二尖瓣反流的原因除与瓣膜钙化程度重、瓣下结构紊乱有关以外，瓣口面积小、交界粘连处夹角小是一个重要原因。（２）分级次扩张可使交界粘合处夹角呈渐进性扩大，扩张时不易引起瓣膜撕裂和二尖瓣反流。两组比较Ｉｎｏｎｅ法扩张组二尖瓣反流发生率为１６．７％，分级次扩张组无二尖瓣反流病例，并且术中其他并发症及术后再狭窄发生率后者也明显低于前者。结论球囊导管分级次扩张可有效地预防二尖瓣反流，是治疗二尖瓣狭窄较理想的方法。