肝切除术在治疗肝内胆管结石中的应用80例分析

目的 探讨肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的方法和疗效.方法 回顾性分析近4年来在笔者所在科施行肝叶切除术的80例肝内胆管结石及狭窄病例的临床资料.结果 80例肝叶/段切除术中,同时行单纯胆总管探查取石+T管引流42例,胆总管探查取石+胆总管/肝总管+空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合10例,肝胆管探查取石+狭窄胆管切开成形+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合7例,肝胆管探查取石+胆总管+十二指肠吻合2例.66例(82.5%)获得6个月～4年的随访,术后残余结石12例(15.0%),经胆道镜取净7例.术后发生膈下脓肿3例,胆瘘7例,肺部感染3例,伤口感染11例,上消化道出血2例,均经积极非手术治疗痊愈.全组无手术死亡.结论 针对肝内胆管结石的原发病灶合理选择肝叶/段切除术,可有效解除狭窄、畅通引流,降低术后残石率及胆管炎的发生率,是治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的理想方法.     

肝内胆管结石的手术治疗(附325例报告)

目的 探讨外科治疗肝内胆管结石的手术方法及临床价值。方法 回顾性分析5年来该科采用肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的病例资料。结果 全组325例，其中单纯胆总管探查取石 T管引流46例；肝段(叶)切除 胆总管探查取石 T管引流104例；肝段(叶)切除 肝胆管探查取石 胆管空肠Y型吻合75例；肝段(叶)切除 肝胆管探查取石 狭窄胆管切开成形 胆管空肠Y型吻合95例；胆总管探查取石 胆总管十二指肠吻合5例。276例术中联合胆道镜取石，38例行术中胆道造影。术后残余结石46例，其中左内叶20例，右前叶17例，右后叶9例，经术后胆道镜结合液电碎石等处理治愈41例，再次手术5例。胆瘘12例，伤口感染15例，膈下脓肿4例，肺部感染5例，上消化道出血2例，均经积极非手术治疗痊愈。未发生手术死亡。结论 肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石能提高疗效、降低残石率、减少并发症，值得临床推广。     

肝内胆管结石56例治疗分析

对56例肝内胆管结石的临床表现、结石部位、狭窄部位、术式和疗效等进行回顾性分析.结果,肝左外叶切除4例,肝右前叶下段切除1例,u形管引流2例,胆囊切除加T管引流8例,胆囊切除加胆总管十二指肠吻合12例,肝胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合29例(其中胆管狭窄切开成形,盆式吻合13例).疗效优良率达86.8%.结果表明,解除肝胆管狭窄是治疗肝内胆管结石的关键,主要方法是狭窄胆管切开成形,肝胆管、空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.     

手术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床体会

目的：总结目前肝胆管结石治疗的临床经验。方法：分析我院1998年1月-2002年12月手术治疗肝内胆管结石34例,根据结石的部位、大小、数量和肝胆系统的病理改变分别选择不同的术式或联合手术,配合术中、术后纤维胆道镜取石等综合措施。结果：局限性肝叶段胆管结石并胆管狭窄,行肝段（叶）切除＋胆管空肠盆式Y型吻合,优良率达91．8％;Ⅱ级以下胆管结石并胆管狭窄,行肝胆管空肠Y型吻合,优良率达87．2％。单纯胆道探查取石＋T管引流,优良率达69．3％。结论：利用现代影像技术,明确结石分布和肝胆系统的病理状况．分别选用肝段（叶）切除或联合肝胆管空肠Y型吻合术,配合胆道镜取石等综合措施,有利于提高疗效。而胆总管十二脂吻合术及单纯胆总管探查盲目器械取石不适宜治疗Ⅱ级以上的肝内胆管结石。     

肝内胆管结石56例治疗分析

对56例肝内胆管结石的临床表现、结石部位、狭窄部位、术式和疗效等进行回顾性分析。结果：肝左外叶切除4例,肝右前叶下段切除1例,U形管引流2例,胆囊切除加T管引流8例,胆囊切除加胆总管十二指肠吻合12例,肝胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合29例（其中胆管狭窄切开成形,盆式吻合13例）。疗效优良率达86.8%。结果表明,解除肝胆管狭窄是治疗肝内胆管结石的关键,主要方法是狭窄胆管切开成形,肝胆管、空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。     

肝段叶切除联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨肝段叶切除联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石。方法对72位肝内胆管结石患者进行肝段叶切除方法治疗肝内胆管结石。左外叶或左半肝叶切除36例,右肝段切除7例,右半肝切除15例。其中24例行高位胆管切开整形及胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合32例;行肝断面扩张胆管、肝门胆管分别与空肠作双口吻合4例,T管引流20例和U管引流2例,手术后道镜取石12例。结果肝段叶切除＋胆管空肠RouxenY吻合24例（33.3%）,肝段叶切除＋胆道探查14例（19.4%）,肝段叶切除＋胆肠吻合口切开探查7例（9.7%）,肝段叶切除＋胆道探查＋右肝表面切开取石术5例（6.9%）,术后胆道常规留置T管。其中肝段叶切除手术包括左外叶36例,左半肝21例,右前肝7例,右后叶2例,不规则左或右肝切除术5例。病人均治愈,无死亡。术后发生并发症例（13.9%）,其中切口感染8例,切口裂开3例,均治愈。术后均经T管行胆道造影及胆道镜检,发现结石15例,残石率20.8%。72例肝段叶切除术中同时行胆管空肠吻合24例,肝断面扩张胆管、肝门胆管与空肠双口吻合6例,T管和U管引流分别为20例和14例。本组无手术死亡。72例随访1～10年,无复发病症,无再手术者。结论肝段叶切除联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石具有疗效好,残石率低,并发症较少的优势,是目前治疗肝内胆管结石理想而有效的手术方式。     

肝胆管结石并胆管狭窄36例手术探讨

目的:探讨肝胆管结石并胆管狭窄患者手术方法。方法:36例肝胆管结石并胆管狭窄患者中,行肝叶、肝段切除术11例,同行胆总管探查T管和U管引流分别为6例和5例;胆管空肠端侧Roux-en-Y吻合术14例(Roux-en-Y吻合的胆支空肠袢为40～45cm);两种方法联合使用14例,同时行肝门部肝胆管狭窄整形5例。术中配合使用胆道镜取石9例。结果:术后出现并发症3例均保守治愈,无手术和术后死亡。术后残余结石4例,经用胆道镜取石、体外震波碎石,结合冲洗及中药治疗,全部排净。按黄氏评价标准,优良率94.5%。结论:肝段(叶)切除联合其他手术是治疗肝胆管结石较为有效的手术方式。     

肝内胆管结石156例手术治疗效果观察

目的 总结并评价肝内胆管结石的外科治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析肝内胆管结石156例患者的资料,其中行肝叶(段)切除术39例,肝叶(段)切除+胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术11例,肝叶(段)切除+胆总管切开取石术11例,胆总管切开取石+胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术27例,胆总管切开取石+T管引流术68例.结果 总治疗...     

肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石46例分析

目的分析肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析本院1999～2010年采用肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石46例患者的临床资料及随访情况。结果 44例为肝左外叶结石,实行左肝外侧叶切除+胆总管切开取石、T管引流术或胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例为肝左内叶结石,实行左半肝切除+胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。无手术死亡病例,无结石残留病例,无再次手术病例,术后随访1～5年,复发率为2%。结论肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石安全性高、疗效理想,可作为左肝内胆管结石的首选治疗方式。     

肝内胆管多发结石98例治疗分析

目的:探讨肝内多发结石并胆管狭窄的治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月～2010年12月共收治并手术治疗肝内多发结石98例,分析术式选择及治疗结果。结果:98例均采用肝段(叶)规则性切除,术中结合胆道镜取石,必要时行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,术后残石率明显下降4.08%(4/98)。结论:规则性肝段(叶)切除是治疗肝内胆管多发结石并胆管狭窄的最佳选择;术中辅以胆道镜取石,能明显降低手术的残石率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.