小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入的应用

目的探讨反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法对596例(614眼)白内障施行反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术，观察其效果。结果术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者占89．5％，3月后矫正视力≥0．5者达94．1％。结论反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术是一种疗效满意、操作简单、价格低廉的经济有效的手术方式。在临床上具有一定实用价值。     

小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出IOL植入

目的探讨小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障的效果。方法对20例（22眼）青光眼合并白内障施行小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术，术后观察视力、眼压、滤过池及并发症。结果随访平均6月，眼压均低于21mmHg，视力0．2以上者19眼（86.36％）功能滤过泡20眼（90．91％），无严重并发症发生。结论小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术具有切口小、组织损伤轻、视力恢复快，有效眼压控制较好及并发症少。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出1370例分析

目的 探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效.方法 1370例(1370只眼)白内障术前检查视力光感(+)～0.3,无手术禁忌证.在表麻下进行小切口白内障囊外摘出+人工晶状体植入术.术后给予复方妥布霉素眼药水点眼.结果 术后第1天视力为0.5以上者915只眼(66.79％),术后第2天视力0.5以上者1201只眼(87.66％),术后3月视力0.5以上者1235只眼(90.15％).结论 小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出+人工晶状体植入术由于切口小,无需缝线,不需昂贵的医疗设备,迅速安全,易于掌握,适合于当前我国国情在基层医院使用.     

小切口手法白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入的分析

目的 分析小切口非超声乳化手法白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术的临床效果方法。对566例（570眼）白内障进行小切口非乳化手法白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1天，患者裸眼视力或矫正视力≥0．5者占52．80％，术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者，占60．20％，≥1．0者占21．50％。结论 此项手术技术操作简单，易于掌握，效果可靠，适应证广，适合基层医院开展。     

可调整缝线在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的观察可调整缝线小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法对57例（57眼）青光眼合并白内障行可调整缝线小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术,术后分别对视力、眼压、前房、滤过泡等进行观察。结果术后矫正视力≥0．2者51例（89．47％）,浅前房2例（3．51％）,随访6—24个月,眼压控制率为91．23％,功能性滤过泡占91．23％。结论小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术中应用可调整缝线,对于青光眼合并白内障者可有效的减少术后并发症,较好的控制眼压,快速提高视力,安全有效。     

反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术联合人工品状体植入术在农村白内障复明手术中的应用。方法经巩膜隧道行反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入的老年性白内障96例（96眼），分析其术后并发症及术后恢复视力情况。结果术后3天，视力0．5以上者31眼（32．29％），0.3以上者24眼（25．00％）。4周后视力达0．6以上者46眼（47．92％），0．3以上者35眼（37．50％）。术后并发症在1月内消失。结论老年性白内障采用小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出并人工晶状体植入术，手术组织损伤轻，术后视力恢复快，散光小，由于费用较低，易在广大农村基层医院推广。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入在复明行动中的应用

目的探讨小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入的优点及在基层开展复明行动的应用。方法分析复明行动中160例（170眼）老年性白内障术后视力及术中、术后的并发症。结果术后1周，视力≥0．5者148例（152眼，占89．41％）。术中无虹膜脱出，术后无切口渗漏或浅前房。结论小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术有广泛的实用性，并发症少，术后视力恢复快，适宜在基层复明行动中应用。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出术在高原牧区的应用

目的探讨小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术的方法、效果及基层开展的可行性。方法分析视觉第一行动中1172例(1200眼)老年性白内障行该术式的手术技巧、术后视力、散光及术中并发症。结果1200眼中术后3天、1月裸眼视力，≤0．5者分别为38．91％和30．75％，≥0．5者分别为61．08％和69．25％。结论小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植人术与超声乳化术有相近的结果，有广泛实用性，更易在基层开展。     

小切口非超乳白内障囊外摘出1306例

目的探讨小切口非超乳白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法1306例（1306眼）白内障均为“曙光工程”行动的患者,术前检查视力光感（＋）～0．25,无手术禁忌证。在局麻下进行小切口白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术。术后给予氧氟沙星及地塞米松滴眼液。结果术后第1天视力为0．5以上者914眼（69．98％）,术后第2天视力0．5以上者1112眼（85．14％）,脱盲率98．94％,脱残率94．89％。结论小切口非超乳白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术由于切口小,无需缝线,不需昂贵的医疗设备,迅速安全,易于掌握,适用于当前我国国情及基层医院使用。     

基层医院开展手法小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的体会

目的 讨论基层医院开展手法小切口白内障摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术的体会,并评价手术效果。方法 2003年2月-2006年1月本院收治的白内障522例（562眼）,均施行手法小切口非乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入。结果本组病人随访3-6月,视力0.05-0.4者53眼占9.43%。视力≥0.5者509眼,占90.57%,0.8-1.5者175眼,占31.14%,并发症有术中后囊破裂玻璃体脱出28眼（4.98%）,术后角膜内皮水肿84眼（14.95%）,后囊浑浊53眼（9.43%）,未见严重并发症。结论 在基层医院开展手法小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术,可以达到较好的治盲目的。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.