Influenza viral messenger RNA

Influenza viral messenger RNA (mRNA) free from both ribosomal RNA and newly synthesized host mRNA was isolated from the polyribosomes of infected canine kidney cells. Cordycepin was added to infected cells to inhibit ribosomal RNA and host mRNA synthesis. To separate viral mRNA from the small amount of ribosomal RNA which continued to be synthesized in the presence of cordycepin, polyribosomes were dissociated with puromycin and high salt: the viral mRNA was released to sediment 8–22 S, thus separable from the ribosomal RNA which was quantitatively retained in the 60 S and 40 S ribosomal subunits.Viral mRNA was rendered 100% ribonuclease-resistant after annealing to virion RNA (vRNA) and is, therefore, totally complementary to vRNA. This complementary RNA (cRNA) contains polyadenylate (polyA) segments which are heterogeneous in length, ranging from 50 to 200 nucleotides. In contrast to cRNA, vRNA does not contain polyA.     

阿瓦朗病毒和休斯病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法研究

目的建立可以检测阿瓦朗病毒(Avalon virus,AVAV)和休斯病毒(Hughes virus,HUGV)两种内罗病毒的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,并进行初步的评价。方法收集、整理、比对、分析在公共数据库发布的两种病毒基因组核苷酸序列,确定检测靶标,设计特异性引物、探针,优化检测程序,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。利用体外转录技术制备的模拟样本、其他病毒感染标本、病毒株和正常人血标本比较评价所建方法的检测限、特异性、重复性特征。结果所建实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法可有效扩增检测AVAV和HUGA靶标RNA,检测限分别约为20拷贝/μl和70拷贝/μl,检测科萨努尔森林病毒、乙型流感病毒BV和BY型、甲型流感病毒H3N2、黄热病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、发热伴血小板减少综合征、内罗毕羊病毒和塔西那病毒样本无非特异性扩增,两种内罗病毒相互间无交叉反应,重复性比较分析显示变异系数小于2%。结论本研究建立的检测AVAV和HUGV的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,可用于临床样本检测和媒介生物、宿主动物标本筛查,便于病原的快速识别和疾病诊断。     

多重RT-PCR结合反向杂交技术检测多种流感病毒方法的研究

目的 建立一种基于多重RT-PCR结合反向斑点杂交技术的多种流感病毒核酸快速检测方法.方法 对5种亚型流感病毒的HA基因序列进行比对分析,选择合适的保守区域设计引物序列,并在扩增产物序列内部选择高变区设计探针序列.首先,使用生物素标记的引物扩增出同样带标记的PCR产物;然后,产物与膜上的探针杂交,通过生物素-亲和素反应,最后以斑点显色的方式来检测和鉴别不同亚型的流感病毒.实验中还通过摸索不同的引物浓度和探针浓度来优化反应条件.结果 成功建立了一种基于多重RT-PCR结合反向斑点杂交技术的检测方法,该方法能够成功检测和鉴别5种不同亚型的流感病毒,检测灵敏度比传统的RT-PCR方法高100～1000倍.结论 成功建立了一种可高通量快速检测多种流感病毒的多重RT-PCR结合反向斑点杂交技术的检测方法.     

A sensitive, non-radioactive quantitative method for measuring IL-4 and IL-4delta2 mRNA in unstimulated cells from multiple clinical samples, using nested RT-PCR.

Measurements of IL-4 mRNA directly from clinical samples are technically difficult as IL-4 is a low copy number cytokine. Moreover, most existing studies involving RT-PCR are confused by the use of primers which simultaneously amplify cDNA of IL-4 and its splice-variant (IL-4delta2). We describe a sensitive nested RT-PCR method to quantify mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-4delta2 separately. It involves a simple method of generating cRNA standards without cloning. The use of external synthetic RNA standards, for which we validate that amplification kinetics are equivalent to the target, obviates the need for multiple sample dilutions. The assay is sensitive enough to measure IL-4 and IL-4delta2 mRNA expression in unstimulated PBMCs of normal subjects, and the reproducibility and throughput make this assay suitable for use in clinical studies with multiple samples.     

Replication in vitro of the influenza virus genome: selective dissociation of RNA replicase from virus-infected cell ribonucleoprotein complexes

Summary Replication of the influenza virus genome involves two discrete step reactions: vRNA-directed primer-independent (unprimed) synthesis of cRNA; and cRNA-directed unprimed synthesis of vRNA. Nuclear extracts from both MDCK and HeLa cells infected with influenza virus A/PR8/34 exhibited unprimed synthesis of both cRNA and vRNA strands (a parameter of RNA replication). Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with the replication activity were isolated from these nuclear extracts by glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. At 0.5 M KCl, however, these complexes were dissociated into stripped RNP and soluble protein fractions. The soluble fraction contained the activity of exogenous template-dependent unprimed RNA synthesis, indicating that the RNA replicase is dissociated from RNP upon exposure to high salt concentrations. On the other hand, the high salt-treated RNP catalyzed only primer-dependent RNA synthesis, but regained a low level activity of exogenous template-dependent unprimed RNA synthesis by adding nuclear extracts from uninfected cells, suggesting that host factor(s) is involved in the functional interconversion of influenza virus RNA polymerase.