降钙素基因相关肽对糖尿病性ED大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞表型转化的影响

目的:了解降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对糖尿病性ED大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞表型转化的影响。方法:利用链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病及糖尿病性ED大鼠模型。阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞原代培养,并进行免疫细胞化学染色鉴定。实验分为2组:正常对照组和糖尿病性ED大鼠组。不同浓度(0、10,60,100 nmol/L)CGRP作用24h后,利用qRT-PCR检测各组细胞碱性调宁蛋白和骨桥蛋白mRNA的表达。结果:各组原代培养阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞α-肌动蛋白阳性细胞率为(95.94±0.03)%。与正常对照组比较,糖尿病组ED大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞碱性调宁蛋白mRNA表达显著减少(4.41±0.29 vs 10.35±0.62,P<0.01),而骨桥蛋白mRNA表达水平显著上调(5.28±0.32 vs 1.32±0.24,P<0.01)。当CGRP作用的终浓度为100 nmol/L时,糖尿病组大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞经CGRP作用后,与未经其作用相比,碱性调宁蛋白mRNA表达显著上调(6.90±0.22 vs 4.41±0.29,P<0.01),而骨桥蛋白mRNA表达水平显著减少(3.26±0.31 vs 5.28±0.32,P<0.01)。结论:CGRP可使糖尿病性ED大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞表型从合成型向收缩型转化。     

Myocardin restores erectile function in diabetic rats: phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells

This study aimed to investigate whether gene transfer of myocardin to the penis of diabetic rats can modulate corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) cells phenotype and restore erectile function. Five normal control rats, and 22 diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: rats transfected with adCMV‐myocardin (N = 6), treated with empty vector (N = 6), injected with medium (N = 5), and sham‐operated rats (N = 5). The erectile response was measured 7 days after transfection. The percent of smooth muscle and the expressions of SMα‐actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), calponin were evaluated. The increases in intracorporal pressure(ICP)/mean arterial pressure and total ICP in response to nerve stimulation in the adCMV‐myocardin treated rats were significantly greater than those in the empty vector (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), medium only (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and sham‐operated rats (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The suppressed expressions of SMα‐actin, SMMHC and calponin were completely restored, and the amount of smooth muscle in diabetic rats were not restored after treatment. It is concluded that myocardin ameliorated erectile responses in diabetic rats mainly via promoting phenotypic modulation of CCSM cells from a proliferative to a contractile state.     

粉防己碱(Tet)对兔子阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞质中自由钙离子浓度的影响(英文)

目的:探讨粉防己碱(tetrandrine,Tet)松弛阴茎海绵体平滑肌的作用机制。方法:体外培养新西兰白兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞,经钙荧光指示剂 Fluo-2/AM 负载后,用荧光离子数字成像系统观察 Tet 对平滑肌细胞内[Ca~(2 )]_i 的影响。结果:Tet(1,10,100μmol/L)对平滑肌细胞内静息[Ca~(2 )]_i无明显影响(P>0.05)。当细胞外钙离子浓度为2.5 mmol/L 时,Tet(1μmol/L,10 μmol/L,100 μmol/L)抑制了高钾和去氧肾上腺素(PE)导致的细胞内[Ca~(2 )]_i 升高(P<0.05),这种抑制作用具有浓度依赖性。在无细胞外钙时,1 μmol/L和10μmol/L Tet 对 PE 引起的细胞内[Ca~(2 )]_i 升高无明显影响(P>0.05);而100 μmol/L Tet 能明显抑制 PE 引起的细胞内[Ca~(2 )]_i 升高(P<0.05)。结论:Tet 通过阻滞电压依赖性钙通道、α_1受体依赖性钙通道和抑制细胞内钙库释放,降低阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞内[Ca~(2 )]_i 水平,这是 Tet 松弛阴茎海绵体平滑肌的作用机制之一。     

Transdifferentiation of rat fetal brain stem cells into penile smooth muscle cells

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate whether rat fetal brain stem cells can be induced to acquire cell fates outside the nervous system, hypothesising that cell‐based replacement therapy with stem cells can aid in the regeneration of penile smooth musculature and might help to attenuate organic erectile dysfunction (ED), as the degeneration of penile smooth muscle cells leading to subsequent impairment of function is important in organic ED.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fetal brain stem cells (FBSCs) from embryonal 12‐day Fisher 344 rats were isolated and characterized. For in vitro studies, undifferentiated FBSCs were cultured for 21 days in either N2 media (control) or N2 media conditioned in rat penile smooth muscle cell culture. These were then subjected to immunocytochemistry for specific markers of neural stem cells (nestin) and penile smooth muscle cells, i.e. α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), penis‐specific myosin light chain (MLC) desmin, calponin, vimentin, phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) and connexin. For in vivo studies, male adult Fisher 344 rats had an intracavernous injection with saline (five rats, control) or FBSCs that were labelled genetically by an expression construct for green fluorescent protein (GFP, nine rats, experimental) and maintained for 6 weeks. The rats were then killed and penile tissue was harvested and subjected to immunocytochemistry for markers of neural stem cells, smooth muscle cells, and sinusoidal endothelium (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF).

RESULTS

Undifferentiated cells exposed to N2 media continued to maintain the characteristic morphological and protein marker features of FBSCs, while the cells exposed to the conditioned media acquired the morphological features of smooth muscle cells. In addition, the differentiated cells (30–40%) expressed smooth muscle markers. Rats implanted with FBSCs had cells that showed double‐labelling for GFP/αSMA, GFP/calponin and GFP/VEGF. The control group had no evidence of such double‐labelling.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest the transdifferentiation of FBSCs into penile smooth muscle cells. Such transdifferentiated cells showed long‐term survival when injected into the cavernous tissue, thus raising the possibility of a novel therapeutic option for organic ED.     

Effect of tankyrase 1 on autophagy in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells from ageing rats with erectile dysfunction and its potential mechanism

This study compared tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity between erectile dysfunction （ED） and non-ED rats＇ corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells （CSMCs）. This study aslo explored the effect and possible mechanism of tankyrase 1 on autophagy and cell proliferation in ageing ED rats＇ CSMCs. The intracavernous pres- sure and mean systemic arterial pressure were measured to investigate erectile function so that eight 24-month-old ED and eight 8-month-old male Wistar rats were choosed respectively. The rat CSMCs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion, in which tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity were compared. Tankyrase 1 over-expression was induced with plasmid transfection by Lipofectamine^TM. The effect of tankyrase 1 overexpression on proliferation, autophagy and mTOR pathway in 24-month-old ED rats＇ CSMCs was measured by the cell growth curve in MTT assay, cell cycle analysis in flow cytometry （FCM）, key protein expression in Western blot, autophagy quantity in transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 fluorescence. The primary CSMCs were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and the purity was 99.1% in FCM. Compared with that of 8-month-old rats, tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity significantly decreased in 24-month-old ED rats＇ primary CSMCs （P 〈 0.01）. Tankyrase 1 overexpression significantly increased the growth rate （P 〈 0.05） and increased the S phase of cell cycle （P 〈 0.01）. The autophagosome quantity was remarkably increased （P 〈 0.01）, LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin 1 were upregulated （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05）, and p-p70S6K （Thr389） was downregulated in 24-month-old ED rat CSMCs （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, Tankyrase 1 and autophagy decrease in the CSMCs from aging rats with ED, and tankyrase 1 may have a positive effect on proliferation by enhancing autophagy and regulating the mTOR signalling pathway.     

Long-term results of corpus cavernosum autoinjection therapy for chronic erectile dysfunction

Between May 1985 and March 1992, 172 patients suffering from chronic erectile dysfunction (21-70 years old) underwent constant corpus cavernosum autoinjection therapy (CAT) with a standardized papaverine phentolamine mixture (16385 injections). Thereafter 41 patients continued CAT with the single agent papaverine (1257 injections). On the basis of both these 17642 protocol auto-injections, and over 6 years of experience with intracavernosal autoinjection therapy we conclude that, especially with the papaverine-phentolamine mixture, CAT constitutes an effective therapy (full rigidity in 95.8%) with tolerable side-effects for chronic erectile dysfunction when preceded by careful patient selection and thorough multi-disciplinary evaluation. This is especially so in the case of arterial and/or neurogenic aetiology of the erectile dysfunction. In addition, the contraindications must be strictly observed, the treatment and technique fully explained, and a regular follow-up instituted. CAT is generally well accepted by the patients and their partners (98.8%/97.6%) and has distinct positive effects on self-esteem (77.8%), performance anxiety (84.4%), and partnership (79.5%). The most serious side-effect was prolonged erection (25 out of 17642 injections). In 6 patients reversible fibrotic changes near the tunica albuginea were observed.     

大鼠阴茎海绵体肌源性干细胞的分离与表型鉴定

目的 探讨阴茎海绵体中肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)的分离与表型鉴定的方法.方法 取2个月龄SD大鼠阴茎海绵体组织,用0.5％Ⅰ型胶原酶、0.1％胰蛋白酶进行酶消化初步分离.应用改良的Preplate差速贴壁法进一步行细胞纯化,细胞培养1h,贴壁细胞为PP1;未贴壁细胞转瓶培养2h,贴壁细胞为PP2;未贴壁细胞再次转瓶培养18h,贴壁细胞为PP3;此后,每次间隔24h转瓶培养依次获得的贴壁细胞为PP4、PP5、PP6,观察细胞形态变化.流式细胞仪检测PP3、PP6细胞中干细胞抗原l (Sca-l)和结蛋白(Desmin)的阳性表达量;Western blot检测PP1 ～ PP6细胞中Sca-1和Desmin的阳性表达;免疫荧光细胞化学法检测Sca-1、Desmin、Sca-1/Desmin在PP6细胞中的表达.结果 PP1～ PP6细胞贴壁能力逐渐减慢,PP6细胞贴壁最慢,2～3d后才开始贴壁成圆形或短梭形.流式细胞仪检测结果显示,PP3细胞中Sca-1阳性表达量为(0.3±0.2)％,与同型对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Desmin阳性表达量为(15.3±1.5)％,与同型对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);PP6细胞中Sca-1、Desmin阳性表达量分别为(5.7±0.7)％、(41.1±1.6)％,与PP3比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Western blot显示PP1 ～ PP5细胞中未检测到Sca-1蛋白明显表达,但在PP6细胞中则检测到Sca-1蛋白的表达,Desmin蛋白在PP1 ～ PP6细胞中表达逐渐增强.免疫荧光细胞化学显示在PP6细胞中有少量细胞表达Sca-1、散在分布、以胞质表达为主;表达Desmin细胞聚集、数量较多、主要表达于胞质;亦发现有极少量双阳性标记细胞(Sca-1/Desmin),共同表达于同一细胞的胞质.结论 在大鼠阴茎海绵体中分离出既有于细胞表型又有肌源性表型的细胞,提示此类细胞为MDSCs.     

内皮细胞凋亡与勃起功能障碍的研究进展

勃起功能障碍(ED)是泌尿男科最常见的疾病之一,严重影响患者的生活质量,引起ED的因素包括衰老、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症以及不良生活方式等,其确切机制尚未完全明确。目前随着对ED研究的不断深入,其中阴茎海绵体内皮细胞凋亡与ED的关系倍受关注,内皮细胞凋亡增加可引起NOS活性降低导致NO合成受阻,从而影响阴茎勃起,不同病因引起的ED其内皮细胞凋亡的机制不同。本文就阴茎海绵体内皮细胞凋亡在ED中的作用作一综述,对ED与内皮细胞凋亡机制的深入了解将为新药研制及其他治疗措施提供新的思路。     

Effects of neferine on cytosolic free calcium concentration in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of rabbits

To study the relaxation mechanisms of neferine (Nef) on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM), the CCSM cells from New Zealand White rabbits were cultured in vitro. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured by fluorescence ion digital imaging system (FIDIS), using Fluo-2/AM as a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Nef (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) had no effect on the resting [Ca(2+)](i) (P > 0.05). In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) (2.5 mmol l(-1)), Nef (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by high K(+) and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In calcium free solution containing egtaic acid (EGTA), Nef (0.1 micromol l(-1)) had no inhibitory effects on [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P > 0.05). However, Nef (1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P < 0.05). These data suggest that Nef inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) in CCSM cells via blocking voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-operated Ca(2+) channel and Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) pool. This inhibitory action on [Ca(2+)](i) might be one of the relaxation mechanisms of Nef on the CCSM.     

大鼠阴茎海绵体肌源性干细胞向内皮细胞分化的研究

目的 观察大鼠阴茎海绵体肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)在血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)共同作用下向内皮细胞分化的潜能.方法 采用Preplate差速贴壁法结合密度梯度离心法分离、纯化大鼠阴茎海绵体MDSCs,获得差速贴壁细胞(PP1-PP6),免疫荧光细胞化学法检测PP6细胞干细胞抗原-l(Sca-1)和结蛋白(Desmin)的表达,并传代培养.取PP6第3代细胞在VEGF和bFGF共同诱导21 d后,免疫荧光细胞化学法鉴定内皮细胞标志物[CD31、胎肝激酶-l(Flk-1)]的表达;分别在诱导0、5、10、15、21 d,通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测干细胞标志物(Oct-4)和内皮细胞标志物[CD31、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、Flk-1] mRNA的表达量;通过Dil-Ac-LDL摄取实验检测细胞吞噬低密度脂蛋白的能力;划痕24h后观察划痕空白处的距离,评估细胞的迁移能力.结果 PP6细胞表达肌源性干细胞标志物Sca-1和Desmin;PP6诱导21 d后表达内皮细胞标志物(CD31和Flk-1),诱导21 d后与诱导0d比较,干细胞标志物Oct-4的mRNA表达量下降(下降倍数为0.445±0.025),而内皮细胞标志物mRNA表达量升高(CD31、eNOS、Flk-1升高倍数分别为2.541±0.146、2.364±0.175、2.538±0.100),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Dil-Ac-LDL摄取实验提示诱导后的细胞具有吞噬低密度脂蛋白的能力;划痕实验观察到诱导组空白处距离为282.01±3.84,未诱导组空白处距离为450.35±1.86,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大鼠阴茎海绵体MDSCs在VEGF和bFGF的共同诱导下可分化为内皮细胞,且具有成熟内皮细胞的功能.     

人阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞三维培养模型的建立

目的 观察人阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞(hCCMCs)在三维培养系统中的生物学特性.方法 体外分离hCCMCs,并用差速贴壁法进行纯化.免疫组化的方法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达,进行hCCMCs的鉴定.在单层贴壁培养的基础上,将hCCMCs在胶原凝胶中培养,形成三维培养系统,并对hCCMCs的形态结构、增殖情况进行研究.结果 原代培养的hCCMCs细胞形态不均一,经过差速贴壁法纯化后,细胞形态均一,免疫组化显示大多数细胞α-SMA阳性表达.三维培养系统中,hCCMCs在不同层面上呈三维生长.hCCMCs在三维培养系统中培养10d后,细胞数量无明显增殖(P>O.05),明显低于贴壁培养条件下细胞增殖速率(P<0.01).结论 hCCMCs三维培养系统可以观察hCCMCs在三维条件下的生长、增殖状况,研究hCCMCs与微环境的相互作用关系,有望为相关研究找到一种更为简单、可控性更强的体内实验替代方法.     

Endothelium-specific gene and stem cell-based therapy for erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction （ED） commonly results from endothelial dysfunction of the systemic vasculature. Although phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE-5） inhibitors are effective at treating most cases of ED, they must be taken routinely and are ineffectual for a meaningful number of men. In recent years gene and stem cell-based therapies targeted at the penile endothelium have been gaining momentum in preclinical studies. These early studies reveal that gene and stem cell-based therapies may be both enduring and efficacious, and may eventually lead to a cure for ED. The following review will highlight our current understanding of endothelial-specific gene and stem cell-based therapies performed to date in a number of experimental animal models.     

干细胞治疗阴茎勃起功能障碍的研究进展

阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)是指男性反复或者持续性的难以达到和维持充分的阴茎勃起,无法完成性交或满意性活动的病理现象。海绵体神经(CN)损伤引起的勃起神经反射中断,是患者出现ED的直接原因,此外,CN损伤后,阴茎海绵体组织平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞凋亡增加,海绵体平滑肌纤维数量减少加重了ED的发生。因此,尽早干预CN损伤的病理过程,促进CN再生是治疗CN损伤性ED的关键。近年来,干细胞在ED治疗中的应用日益成为临床研究热点。现对胚胎干细胞(ESC)、间充质干细胞(MSCs)、肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)、脂肪干细胞(ADSCs)在ED治疗中的研究综述如下。     

阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞外钙离子浓度在体检测与神经性ED的相关研究

目的 通过钙离子传感针在体检测阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞外的钙离子浓度,探讨其与勃起功能障碍(ED)的相关性.方法 40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为损伤组(20只)和对照组(20只),通过剪断双侧海绵体神经制作神经性ED模型,1个月后应用钙离子传感针在体检测大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞外的钙离子浓度,比较两组间钙离子浓度的差异.结果 损伤组(ED组)钙离子浓度(电位)为(-0.31±0.35)mV,对照组钙离子浓度(电位)为(0.17±0.34)mV,两组钙离子浓度差异具统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 钙离子传感针可以作为ED在体检测的一种新方法.     

Outcome of penile prosthesis implantation for treating erectile dysfunction: experience with 504 procedures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of penile prosthesis surgery for different types of prosthesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The notes of 447 men who had 504 penile prosthesis implanted between August 1975 and December 2000 were evaluated. Of the prostheses inserted, 393 were malleable, 81 were three-piece inflatable and 30 were self-contained hydraulic prostheses. The mean (range) age of the men was 52 (21-78) years; 404 men had primary implants and 43 had revision surgery after operations at other institutions. The mean follow-up was 50 (1-297) months. RESULTS: Of the 447 men, 22 were lost to follow-up immediately after surgery. The most serious postoperative complications were infection (8%) and erosion (5%), which was more common in diabetic patients (10%) and after pelvic trauma with a urethral injury (21%). Of 482 prostheses, 21 failed mechanically (4%) and revision surgery was needed for 5% of the prostheses inserted (24/482). Overall, 89% (377/425) of men could have sexual intercourse and 344 (81%) were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSIONS: Of the men implanted with a penile prosthesis, 81% were satisfied with the outcome and an even higher proportion were satisfied with the inflatable prostheses. Dissatisfaction was mainly due to complications that resulted in removal of the prosthesis.     

Application of correlation techniques in the analysis of corpus cavernosum electromyographic signals

Aim： To establish an objective, easy-to-use and comprehensive method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyo- graphic signals （CC-potentials）. Methods： CC-potentials were recorded during flaccidity in 23 young healthy volunteers, with surface electrodes placed on the penile shaft bilaterally. Based on the correlation function of Matlab software, an application program for the analysis of CC-potentials was developed. Individual CC-potentials and their autocorrelation function were evaluated, yielding parameters amplitude （A）, duration （D）, and dominant frequency （DF）. The crosscorrelation function of both longitudinal and bilateral pairs of adjacent electrodes was calculated to assess the similar- ity and mutual delay of CC-potentials recorded simultaneously from different parts of the CC. The parameters derived were squared maximum cross-correlation coefficient （Rmax） and delay （τ）. Based on the absolute value of τ and the corresponding inter-electrode distance, propagation velocity （PV） was calculated. Results. The values of the parameters were determined automatically. No significant difference related to the locations of the electrodes for parameters A, D, and DF was detected. The cross-correlation showed that both longitudinal and bilateral CC-potential pairs had highly similar waveforms （the absolute values of Rmax were 0.80 ± 0.05 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively）. PV of longitudinal pairs was estimated as 6.15 ± 3.98 cm/s. Conclusion： The application program for correlation analysis of CC-potentials is a comprehensive and versatile method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyographic recordings. Its objectiveness makes multi-center application possible.     

Effect of low androgen levels on the sulphur dioxide signalling pathway in rat penile corpus cavernosum

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sulphur dioxide (SO₂) signalling pathway and the changes in erectile function under low androgen levels. Thirty‐six healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged eight weeks were randomly divided into androgen replacement group, castration group and sham group. Rats in the androgen replacement group were subcutaneously injected with testosterone propionate at 3 mg/kg every other day postcastration. The maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP_max/MAP) and the relative content of SO₂ in the penile corpus cavernosum were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT1 and AAT2), cysteine oxidase (CDO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P‐eNOS) were detected. ICP_max/MAP, P‐eNOS/eNOS and the level of SO₂ decreased significantly in the castration group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The expressions of mRNA and protein decreased significantly in the castration group compared to the androgen replacement group and the sham group (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the androgen replacement group and sham group. Low androgen levels can inhibit erectile function by downregulating the SO₂ signalling pathway.     

ERβ对小鼠阴茎海绵体血管内皮保护作用的实验研究

目的:初步探讨雌激素受体β(ERβ)对小鼠阴茎血管内皮的保护作用。方法:随机选取ERβ基因敲除(ERβKO)雄性小鼠和相应野生型雄性小鼠各12只,随机分为4组:正常对照组、ERβKO组、野生型+TNFα处理组和ERβKO+TNFα处理组。ERβKO组及正常对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,野生型+TNFα处理组和ERβKO+TNFα处理组给予TNFα6μg/(kg.d)腹腔注射,连续14 d。观察阿朴吗啡诱导的自发勃起反应;制备阴茎组织切片,内皮细胞标志物CD34、vWF免疫组化染色观察海绵窦内皮细胞变化,TUNEL法检测海绵体组织细胞凋亡情况。结果:与正常对照组相比,ERβKO组勃起潜伏期延长(P<0.05),但勃起次数无显著差异;ERβKO+TNFα组与野生型+TNFα组潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05),勃起次数显著减少(P<0.05),以ERβKO+TNFα组变化更显著。免疫组化结果显示,与正常对照组(CD34:3.00±0.00,vWF:2.75±0.50)比较,海绵体组织CD34、vWF蛋白表达在ERβKO组(CD34:2.25±0.50,vWF:2.00±0.00)、ERβKO+TNFα组(CD34:0.25±0.50,vWF:0.33±0.58)、野生型+TNFα组(CD34:1.50±0.58,vWF:1.25±0.50)均显著减少(P<0.05),且ERβKO+TNFα组比野生型+TNFα组减少更显著(P<0.05)。仅在ERβKO+TNFα组海绵体发现凋亡细胞。结论:ERβ基因敲除后,尤其在内皮损伤因素TNFα作用下,小鼠阴茎血管内皮细胞减少,提示ERβ对阴茎海绵窦内皮具有保护效应。