抗H5N1禽流感病毒羊驼重链单域抗体的制备和功能鉴定

目的:获得具有中和活性、高特异性和稳定性的抗H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白(HA)的羊驼重链单域(VHH)抗体。方法:利用pET-22b表达载体诱导表达抗H5N1禽流感病毒HA VHH抗体蛋白,以包涵体形式表达的VHH抗体蛋白采用最优复性方法进行复性后,获得高纯度的VHH抗体,分别采用ELISA法鉴定VHH抗体的亲和力和热稳定性,采用血凝抑制实验鉴定抗体的特异性和体外中和活性。结果:经复性的抗H5N1禽流感HA VHH抗体对H5N1禽流感病毒HA具有良好的特异性。通过对三种不同复性方法比较,利用柱上复性的VHH23抗体具有较好的热稳定性,亲和力为9.1×10-7mol/L,同时对H5N1禽流感病毒HA具有良好的体外中和活性。结论:实验结果表明通过原核表达获得具有较好中和活性、特异性及稳定性的抗H5N1禽流感病毒VHH抗体,为进一步开展抗体的体内病毒中和试验奠定良好基础。     

抗H5N1禽流感病毒VHH抗体库的构建

目的:构建抗H5N1禽流感病毒的小羊驼免疫噬菌体重链可变区抗体库(VHH型抗体库),为抗H5N1的VHH抗体筛选奠定基础。方法:利用H5N1灭活疫苗免疫小羊驼,一定免疫时间后测定小羊驼外周血清中抗体中和活性,分离其外周淋巴细胞,利用RT-PCR方法得到VHH抗体片段。通过优化连接和电转化方法,将足量VHH片段与pCANTAB5E连接后电转入大肠杆菌TG1,获得VHH抗体基因库;检测基因库库容以及多样性,并采用血凝抑制试验对噬菌体抗体库进行初步功能性鉴定。结果:利用H5N1灭活疫苗免疫小羊驼四次后,其外周血清中抗体血清抑制效价可达1∶2 560,构建的VHH抗体基因库库容可达3×108,随机挑选14个抗体基因克隆进行测序鉴定,结果显示均为独立克隆,表明所建抗体库多样性好。上述基因库经辅助噬菌体拯救后,得到抗H5N1的噬菌体VHH型抗体初级库,对初级库进行血凝抑制试验,结果呈阳性,表明初级库中存在具有潜在中和活性的抗H5N1抗体。结论:结果表明,已成功构建抗H5N1禽流感病毒的小羊驼免疫噬菌体重链抗体库,为进一步筛选抗H5N1禽流感的重链抗体打下良好基础,并为H5N1的早期临床诊断和治疗提供新的手段。     

抗人转化生长因子β1纳米抗体的制备及功能鉴定

目的制备并鉴定羊驼来源的高特异性、高亲和力的抗人转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的纳米抗体。方法构建真核表达质粒并瞬时转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞HEK-293T,获得重组TGF-β1蛋白;用该蛋白混合弗氏佐剂免疫羊驼,分离外周血单核细胞,提取RNA进行巢式PCR,扩增抗体重链可变区(VHH),并构建VHH噬菌体展示文库;利用ELISA筛选能与TGF-β1重组蛋白特异性结合的抗体株,原核表达并纯化抗TGF-β1的纳米抗体;利用免疫印迹、免疫荧光和ForteBio Octer等方法鉴定纳米抗体的特异性及亲和力。结果成功构建cFUGW-TGF-β1表达载体并纯化了3 mg TGF-β1蛋白;羊驼经过5次免疫后得到容量为1.2×108的TGF-β1-VHH噬菌体展示文库;通过4轮ELISA筛选,得到7株能与重组TGF-β1蛋白特异性结合的抗体株;免疫印迹及免疫荧光实验结果均显示原核表达纯化的TGF-β1纳米抗体B3和C8能特异性识别肺癌细胞系NCI-H520表达的天然TGF-β1;ForteBio Octer结果显示B3、C8与重组TGF-β1的亲和力分别达到1.48×10-9 mol/L、9×10-9 mol/L。结论TGF-β1纳米抗体B3和C8能特异性结合TGF-β1,特异性强、亲和力高,或可开发用于肿瘤的免疫治疗。     

羊驼非免疫重链单域抗体库的构建和鉴定

本研究旨在通过构建羊驼非免疫重链单域抗体库,完成抗体库多样性的鉴定,为进一步筛选抗原特异性重链抗体奠定基础。我们从未经免疫的羊驼外周血中分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),抽提RNA后,用RT-PCR方法特异性扩增羊驼重链抗体可变区(VHH)片段;并采用两步连接方法将重链抗体可变区片段与噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E连接获得重组子,多次电转感受态大肠杆菌TG1后获得VHH抗体基因库;并采用稀释计数法测定抗体库库容量,随机挑取克隆测序验证抗体库多样性。结果显示,我们所构建的羊驼非免疫重链单域抗体库的库容量为1.5×109,随机克隆测序验证多样性良好,独立克隆所占比例为80%,并显示出和人源抗体较高的同源性。上述结果表明,我们已经成功构建获得大容量的羊驼非免疫重链单域抗体库,为进一步筛选抗原特异性重链抗体奠定基础。     

抗人禽流感病毒H5N1人源化单链抗体噬菌体文库的构建和筛选

目的 利用抗人禽流感病毒H5N1 IgG抗体阳性的人禽流感康复患者外周血淋巴细胞,构建人源化Fv段单链抗体(seFv)噬菌体文库,并筛选与禽流感病毒相关蛋白有结合活性的scFv抗体文库.方法 提取人外周血淋巴细胞总RNA,逆转录成cDNA,以其为模板,利用家族特异性IgG基因的引物,扩增重链和轻链的可变区基因,并用合成的连接子将轻链和重链基因连接成单链抗体片段后,重组到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中.将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌TG1,酶切和PCR鉴定抗体库的重组率,通过测定噬菌体抗体库的滴度计算抗体库的库容,用特异性禽流感病毒相关蛋白筛选表达的单链抗体.结果 构建了源于人禽流感康复患者血清的scFv抗体文库,库容为3.75×104;筛选出与禽流感病毒相关蛋白有结合活性的scFv抗体文库.结论 成功构建了抗人禽流感病毒H5N1的人源scFv噬菌体抗体库,并筛选出特异性结合人禽流感病毒相关蛋白的单链抗体,为进一步制备快速检测试剂和治疗研究提供了基础数据.     

抗CTLA-4嵌合抗体的制备及生物学活性鉴定

制备新型抗CTLA-4人鼠嵌合抗体并进行活性鉴定。通过杂交瘤技术获得高亲和力小鼠抗人CTLA-4单克隆抗体22G11和16C11;利用分子克隆技术将鼠源抗体可变区基因与人源抗体恒定区拼接后,最终通过CHO-K1工程株细胞表达高亲和力抗CTLA-4嵌合抗体。经SDS-PAGE电泳显示最终获得了纯度高于90%的CTLA-4嵌合抗体c22G11和c16C11,抗原结合活性结果表明两株嵌合抗体都能很好地与Jurkat细胞结合,竞争抑制实验表明它们都能与各自对应的鼠源抗体竞争。据此,本实验获得了两株抗人CTLA-4胞外区的高亲和力和特异性嵌合抗体。     

抗阿尔茨海默病Aβ人-鼠嵌合抗体基因的真核载体构建和表达

目的 通过基因工程抗体技术构建和表达抗β-淀粉样多肽(Aβ)人-鼠嵌合抗体,减低鼠源单克隆抗体在临床应用中引起的人体免疫排斥反应.方法从分泌抗Aβ1-42鼠单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株中提取总RNA,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增鼠源性抗体全长基因,并通过Blast对其序列进行分析;利用重组PCR技术拼接重轻链可变区及人IgG1的恒定区基因,并对重链Fc段进行定点突变以降低排斥反应;分别构建人-鼠嵌合基因重轻链表达载体,用脂质体法将其同时导入COS-7细胞中表达,并利用ELISA和免疫组织化学(SP法)对分泌的抗体功能和性质进行初步鉴定.结果 Blast比对分析结果显示克隆的基因序列符合小鼠抗体基因序列,将可变区基因与人IgG1的恒定区基因拼接以及Fc定点突变后,成功构建了嵌合抗体的真核表达载体,并实现真核表达;ELISA和免疫组织化学方法证实了所分泌抗体的人源性和与Aβ的结合特异性.结论成功地构建和表达了抗阿尔茨海默病Aβ人-鼠嵌合抗体,为其在阿尔茨海默病的临床诊治中应用和进一步改造奠定了基础.     

人H5N1流感病毒M1基因的亚克隆及其在原核细胞的表达

目的 构建人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Anhui/1/2005 M1蛋白的原核表达系统,为进一步研究M1蛋白的生物学功能和制备其诊断试剂奠定基础。方法 以该病毒基因节段七cDNA为模板,PCR扩增得到M1基因片段。将该片段亚克隆至载体pQE80-L中,构建重组质粒pQE80-L/M1,转化大肠埃希菌BL21（ DE3）。IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达。金属镍离子螯合层析纯化N末端携带多聚组氨酸标签的重组M1蛋白,免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果 获得了重组M1蛋白,能与抗H5N1亚型流感病毒血清发生特异性结合,且其免疫后能诱导机体产生特异性抗体。结论 成功获得了人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒M1蛋白在原核细胞中高效表达。     

抗相思子毒素抗体的嵌合改造与功能评价北大核心CSCD

目的:制备并评价针对相思子毒素(Abrin)的具有中和活性的特异性人源化嵌合抗体。方法:从鼠源单抗中钓取抗体可变区轻重链序列4条,两两配对载入人源化IgG1表达载体pFRT-KIgG1,经表达、纯化等步骤得到4株人源化嵌合抗体;间接ELISA测定嵌合抗体与Abrin的结合力;ForteBio测定嵌合抗体与Abrin的亲和力;体外细胞学实验鉴定抗体的中和功能;无细胞体系评价抗体是否阻碍Abrin抑制荧光酶合成;选择6~8周雌性BALB/c小鼠,腹腔注射Abrin和不同浓度抗体,观察抗体的体内保护效应;流式细胞术分析抗体是否阻断Abrin与细胞的结合。结果:ELISA和ForteBio结果显示,4株嵌合抗体中仅H1L1嵌合抗体与Abrin的结合[EC_(50)=(0.1212±0.0040)μg/ml和亲和力(亲和常数3.97×10^(-10)M)]与母本抗体[EC_(50)=(0.15825±0.00235)μg/ml,亲和常数5.59×10^(-10)M]相似;体外细胞保护试验显示,H1L1[EC_(50)=(3.7455±0.0575)ng/ml]约为母本抗体[EC_(50)=(1.5825±0.5335)ng/ml]中和作用的42%;无细胞体系荧光素酶合成试验显示,H1L1[EC_(50)=(0.6729±0.0755)μg/ml]与母本抗体[EC_(50)=(1.0365±0.0045)μg/ml]接近,均能逆转Abrin抑制蛋白合成的作用;BALB/c小鼠体内中和保护实验结果显示,H1L1与10D8均能提供良好的体内保护作用;流式细胞术分析发现,H1L1并不能通过抑制Abrin黏附或进入细胞抑制其毒性。结论:4株嵌合抗体中,仅H1L1是轻、重链正确配对且拥有良好中和活性的候选抗体,有潜在的用于Abrin中毒救治的开发价值,应用前景良好。     

抗癌胚抗原鼠/人嵌合抗体的体内及体外活性

由于鼠源性McAb在人体长期反复应用可产生人抗小鼠抗体(HAMA),近年来人们采用构建鼠/人嵌合抗体以降低鼠McAb的免疫原性。本文作者用基因工程方法构建了抗癌胚抗原(CEA)鼠/人嵌合抗体基因,并在小鼠骨髓瘤细胞中表达出嵌合抗体。活性检测结果表明;所制备的嵌合抗体既保持了亲代鼠McAb的特异性亲和力。又具有更强的体内及体外生物学活性。     

骆驼重组SpaA-N单域抗体的制备与性质研究

目的:获得特异识别SpaA-N的单域抗体。方法:用His-SpaA-N重组抗原从新疆双峰驼单域抗体噬菌体展示文库中,筛选SpaA-N的结合子。经测序后亚克隆至pET30a并在E.coli BL21高表达,用镍离子亲和层析柱纯化。ELISA分析重组单域抗体的热稳定性,Western blot检测结合特异性。结果:经His-SpaA-N筛选富集后,筛选得到2个目的克隆。构建至pET30a,PCR和酶切鉴定目的基因大小与预计相符。SDS-PAGE显示,Mr 29 000和23 000有特异性目的条带。ELISA检测显示,抗SpaA-N的VHH对SpaA-N重组蛋白具有很好的结合活性;VHH热变性后,经室温复性均可以恢复其抗原结合活性。Western blot显示,重组VHH在Mr 66 000处可以识别丹毒丝菌中存在的表面蛋白。结论:获得了具有热稳定性和特异结合SpaA-N的单域抗体,为进一步研究spaA抗原在丹毒丝菌感染免疫中的作用提供了基础。     

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibody against avian influenza virus subtype H9

To generate monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies(mAb2)against avian influenza virus subtype H9(H9 AⅣ),BALB/c mice were immunized with purified chicken anti-H9-AⅣ IgG and the splenocytes of immunized mice werefused with myeloma cells NS-1.Hybridoma cells were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayswith both chicken and rabbit anti-H9-AⅣ IgG as coating antigens.One hybridoma cell clone secreting monoclonalantibody against idiotypes shared by both chicken and rabbit anti-H9-AⅣ IgG was established.Experimentsdemonstrated the mAb2 was able to inhibit the binding of hemagglutinin to anti-H9-AⅣ IgG and to inducechickens to generate hemagglutination inhibition antibodies,indicating this anti-species-sharing-idiotypic antibodybore the internal image of hemagglutinin on avian influenza virus.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2005;2(2):155-157.     

A sandwich ELISA for detecting the hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H10N8) virus

Novel influenza A virus (H10N8) infected human with fatality in China during 2013-2014. It is important to detect such nonprevalent subtype influenza A virus in clinic and regular surveillance in the early stage for effective control and prevention from the potential pandemic. Unavailability of convenient rapid diagnosis for this subtype virus in resources-limited setting is an obstacle for timely recognizing human case. In the present study, a panel of mouse H10 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated, two of which were used to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H10N8) virus. ELISA results showed high sensitivity with the lowest detection limit of 0.5HAU/50 μL for live virus, which laid a foundation for clinic use as a promising diagnostic methodology.     

禽流感病毒非结构蛋白1单克隆抗体的制备及其特异性分析

为研制禽流感病毒(H5N1)非结构蛋白1(NS1)的特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),并鉴定其特异性,本研究在分别表达了具有良好抗原性的A/Vietnam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1和A/HongKong/486/97(H5N1)-NS1重组蛋白基础上,用A/Viet-nam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,间接ELISA筛选阳性的杂交瘤细胞,并结合免疫荧光和免疫印迹对抗体的特异性进行鉴定,通过竞争抑制实验对单抗识别的抗原位点进行分析。结果共获得19株能识别4个H5N1-NS1蛋白不同抗原位点的mAb,亚类测定显示,5株为IgG2a、1株为IgG2b,另外13株为IgG1。这些mAb均与A/Vietnam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1和A/HongKong/486/97(H5N1)-NS1重组蛋白特异性结合,免疫荧光检测均与A型流感病毒(H1N1和H3N2)有交叉反应,而与B型流感病毒无交叉现象。表明成功获得特异性针对H5N1-NS1蛋白的mAb,为进一步研究禽流感病毒NS1蛋白的结构与功能奠定基础。     

Development of subtype-specific and heterosubtypic antibodies to the influenza A virus hemagglutinin after primary infection in children

Children undergoing primary infection with an H1N1 or H3N2 influenza A virus developed subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to purified hemagglutinin (HA) of the infecting virus subtype. They also developed lower titered ELISA antibodies to the noninfecting H1 or H3 HA and to H8 (an avian strain) HA. Thus, after primary infection with an influenza A virus, children develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but not hemagglutination inhibition, antibodies reactive with heterosubtypic HAs. These heterosubtypic antibodies could influence the response to infection with other wild-type or attenuated vaccine strains of influenza A virus.     

Antigenic analysis of H4 influenza virus isolates using monoclonal antibodies to defined antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin of A/budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/77 strain

Summary Three non-overlapping antigenic sites were defined on the hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus A/budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/77 (H4N6) by competitive binding assay of monoclonal antibodies to the virus and comparative antigenic analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies. Antigenic relationship among 25 H4 influenza viruses of different bird origin was examined by ELISA with the monoclonal antibodies to each of defined antigenic sites. Two of the three antigenic sites contained epitopes specific to the H4 influenza viruses of budgerigar and mynah origin, and the remaining site contained an epitope which was cross-reactive with almost all of the H4 influenza viruses.     

Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays

From May to December 1997, 18 cases of mild to severe respiratory illness caused by avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses were identified in Hong Kong. The emergence of an avian virus in the human population prompted an epidemiological investigation to determine the extent of human-to-human transmission of the virus and risk factors associated with infection. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, the standard method for serologic detection of influenza virus infection in humans, has been shown to be less sensitive for the detection of antibodies induced by avian influenza viruses. Therefore, we developed a more sensitive microneutralization assay to detect antibodies to avian influenza in humans. Direct comparison of an HI assay and the microneutralization assay demonstrated that the latter was substantially more sensitive in detecting human antibodies to H5N1 virus in infected individuals. An H5-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also established to test children's sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the microneutralization assay were compared with those of an H5-specific indirect ELISA. When combined with a confirmatory H5-specific Western blot test, the specificities of both assays were improved. Maximum sensitivity (80%) and specificity (96%) for the detection of anti-H5 antibody in adults aged 18 to 59 years were achieved by using the microneutralization assay combined with Western blotting. Maximum sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) in detecting anti-H5 antibody in sera obtained from children less than 15 years of age were achieved by using ELISA combined with Western blotting. This new test algorithm is being used for the seroepidemiologic investigations of the avian H5N1 influenza outbreak.     

Evaluation of the Single Radial Hemolysis Test for Measuring Hemagglutinin- and Neuraminidase-Specific Antibodies to H3N2 Influenza Strains and Antibodies to Influenza B

Antibodies to the H3 hemagglutinin of influenza A virus could be specifically measured by single radial hemolysis (SRH) when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant H3 hemagglutinin antigen and irrelevant Neq1 neuraminidase of A/equine/Prague/1/56 virus. Antibodies to influenza B virus could also be measured by the SRH technique. Antibody rises to influenza A or B virus measured by SRH agreed with results of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for about 80% of the sera tested, including sera from volunteers receiving killed influenza vaccine and sera from patients naturally infected with influenza. Correlation between antibody titers measured by SRH and HI was also good. Antibodies to the N2 neuraminidase of influenza A virus could be specifically measured by SRH when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant N2 neuraminidase antigen and irrelevant Heq1 hemagglutinin of A/equine/Prague/1/56 virus. The SRH test for neuraminidase antibodies was more strain specific than was the SRH test for hemagglutinin antibodies. Probably for this reason, agreement between neuraminidase antibody determinations in human sera by the SRH test and by the neuraminidase inhibition test was poorer than agreement between the SRH test for hemagglutinin antibodies and the HI test.