上下呼吸道炎症反应相关性研究

目的 通过变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘动物模型探讨上下呼吸道炎症反应的相关性及其机制。方法 采用卵清蛋白致敏并激发制成变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘模型。实验动物肺功能检测仪检测肺功能、HE染色和甲苯胺蓝染色分别检测鼻黏膜和肺组织中嗜酸粒细胞和肥大细胞，免疫组化检测上述组织中的血管细胞黏附分子-Ⅰ(vascular cellular adhesion molecular-Ⅰ，VCAM-Ⅰ)和白细胞介素—13(interleukin-13，IL-13)的表达。以酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA)检测外周血IL-5浓度。结果 变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘模型鼻黏膜和肺组织中嗜酸粒细胞、肥大细胞明显多于对照组，变应性鼻炎组和变应性哮喘组肺功能0．3s率显著低于对照组，前两组肺组织中VCAM—Ⅰ和IL—13阳性血管数显著多于对照组。变应性鼻炎组和变应性哮喘组外周血IL-5浓度显著高于对照组，并且与嗜酸粒细胞的数量呈显著正相关。结论 上下呼吸道炎症反应具有一致性，变应原反复激发上呼吸道也能引起下呼吸道炎症改变和功能减退。诊治变应性哮喘时应注意评估变应性鼻炎。     

骨髓反应机制参与呼吸道变应性炎症的研究进展

上下气道炎症的相关性是近年来研究的热点，流行病学、临床观察、免疫学以及病理生理学等方面的研究都证实其闻存在一些联系，其中以嗜酸粒细胞为主的炎症细胞向气道粘膜的浸润是主要的病理改变之一。本综述了骨髓反应机制参与呼吸道变应性炎症的研究进展情况。     

变应性鼻炎中嗅觉障碍的研究进展

单纯变应性鼻炎导致的嗅觉障碍不仅是机械阻塞的结果，鼻粘膜嗜酸粒细胞炎症可能是更主要的原因。变应性鼻炎合并鼻窦炎和鼻息肉者，其嗅觉障碍的原因可能为机械阻塞加炎症。通过综述国内外相关文献，以期对炎症因素在变应性鼻炎嗅觉障碍发病机制中的作用以及变应性鼻炎的诊断和治疗原则作一阐述和初步探讨。     

CD34+细胞在变应性鼻炎外周血和鼻黏膜中的表达

目的探讨CD34 细胞在变应性鼻炎患者外周血和鼻黏膜中的表达及髓外CD34 细胞可能参与变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜中的炎性细胞特别是嗜酸粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)局部生成的可能性。方法取变应性鼻炎发作期和非发作期患者各12例,两组患者分别取外周血,用流式细胞仪做CD34 细胞记数;分别取鼻黏膜,用免疫组化方法标记CD34 细胞,在尽可能排除血管内皮细胞和纤维细胞CD34 阳性表达后,计数CD34 细胞。结果变应性鼻炎患者发作期外周血中CD34 细胞表达明显高于非发作期患者外周血中CD34细胞的表达(P<0.05),鼻黏膜中CD34 细胞主要表达于黏膜下层EOS聚集区,非发作期患者鼻黏膜中CD34 细胞表达明显高于发作期的鼻黏膜(P<0.01),并与活化的EOS数呈负相关。结论变应性鼻炎外周血、鼻黏膜中CD34 细胞的表达,提示了髓外CD34 细胞可能参与变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜中的炎性细胞特别是EOS的局部生成。     

白细胞介素5调节变应性鼻炎骨髓反应的实验研究

目的　探讨白细胞介素 5 (interleukin 5 ,IL 5 )对变应性鼻炎动物模型骨髓反应的调节作用和机制。方法　采用 6～ 8周雄性SD大鼠 ,随机分成实验组 10只和对照组 10只 ,以卵清蛋白致敏激发制成变应性鼻炎模型 ,瑞氏染色计数骨髓涂片和外周血涂片中白细胞比例 ,免疫组化染色检测骨髓中IL 5的表达。结果　大鼠变应性鼻炎模型骨髓涂片中嗜酸粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞比例显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,变应性鼻炎模型外周血涂片中嗜酸粒细胞比例显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,变应性鼻炎模型骨髓涂片中IL 5阳性细胞比例显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,变应性鼻炎模型骨髓涂片中IL 5阳性细胞比例和嗜酸粒细胞比例呈显著正相关 (R =0 85 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　骨髓IL 5的表达能促进嗜酸粒细胞增生和迁徙 ,抑制骨髓中IL 5介导的嗜酸粒细胞的增殖和分化 ,可能开辟治疗炎症新方法。     

变应性鼻炎治疗的进展

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis，AR)是由变应原激发的、由IgE介导的鼻部炎性疾病。近年来，全球变应性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势，引起社会越来越多的重视。2001年，世界：EL组织参与，由37位学者起草的包含2776篇参考文献的“变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响”(allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma，ARIA)发表，系统地介绍了AR相关基础和临床研究现状。有关AR与支气管哮喘以及与慢性鼻窦炎、中耳炎和睡眠疾病等关系的研究方兴未艾。     

嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子在变应性鼻炎豚鼠上下呼吸道黏膜中的表达

近年来的研究表明，变应性鼻炎和支气管哮喘之间在流行病学、病理生理机制、临床表现和治疗原则等诸多方面存在着密切联系。2003年9月至2004年1月，我们以豚鼠为实验对象，用互隔交链孢霉(ahemaria alternata)制成变应性鼻炎动物模型，在观察鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞活化因子(Eotaxin)表达的同时，对豚鼠肺组织中Eotaxin基因进行了研究，旨在探讨Eotaxin基因在上下呼吸道炎症反应中的作用及其相互关系。     

变应性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的相关性研究进展

近年来,变应性鼻炎和支气管哮喘的流行率有逐年增加的趋势,而且这种趋势是全球性的。由于上、下呼吸道炎症反应的一致性,Th2细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞在呼吸道变态反应中的共同作用,变应性鼻炎与支气管哮喘密切相关,对变应性鼻炎患者应重视并评估支气管哮喘,对支气管哮喘亦应注意评估变应性鼻炎。     

Update on local allergic rhinitis

We here provide an update on the literature regarding local allergic rhinitis (LAR). In reviewing LAR, we have included an updated definition, classifications, mechanisms, comorbidities, and recommendations for diagnosis and treatment for LAR, as well as the defined research areas for future evidence-based studies. LAR is a localised nasal allergic response in the absence of systemic atopy characterised by local production of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies, a TH2 pattern of mucosal cell infiltration during natural exposure to aeroallergens, and a positive nasal allergen provocation test response, with the release of inflammatory mediators. The localised allergic response of LAR is an important topic for the study of allergies. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of LAR.     

局部变应性鼻炎的研究进展

局部变应性鼻炎(LAR)是近年来新提出的一种变应性鼻炎(AR)表型,为非特应性患者中出现的鼻腔局部I型变态反应.患者有鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕、鼻堵等症状及鼻腔局部特异性IgE(sIgE)和(或)鼻腔变应原激发试验(NPT)阳性,可向AR转化并合并哮喘、结膜炎.虽皮肤点刺实验(SPT)及血清sIgE无阳性结果,但该类患者对变应...     

鼻腔盐水冲洗和局部应用激素对变应性鼻炎的治疗价值

目的：通过研究鼻腔局部冲洗和应用激素对变应性鼻炎的影响,探讨治疗变应性鼻炎的恰当方式。方法临床方面采用视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）和迷你型鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷（MiniRQLQ）评估健康对照组及各实验组临床症状的改变,实验室方面采用瑞典Pharmacia UniCAP 100型免疫荧光定量分析系统检测健康对照组及各实验组血清中屋尘螨特异性IgE（sIgE）和嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）的含量的改变。结果单纯鼻腔冲洗组（A组）和局部激素溶液冲洗组（D组）无论是临床方面还是实验室方面评估都没有显著性改变,而单纯鼻喷激素组（B组）和鼻喷激素联合冲洗组（C组）两方面均有统计学差异,并且后两组间比较无显著性差异。结论单纯鼻喷激素或鼻喷激素联合冲洗是治疗变应性鼻炎的恰当方式,单纯鼻腔冲洗或局部激素溶液冲洗在治疗变应性鼻炎方面只能作为辅助手段。     

Glycoconjugate expression in perennial allergic rhinitis: a lectin histopathological study

Conclusions. The data show that differences in the concentrations of glycoconjugates of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and normal controls are modest, thus indicating that the composition of the mucus in allergic patients largely resembles that of healthy individuals. The findings may point to the need for volume reduction methods controlling mucus production in patients with PAR. Objectives. We aimed to study the composition and concentration of inferior turbinate glycoconjugates of patients with PAR. Materials and methods. Six specific oligosaccharides found in the inferior turbinate mucosa were stained with a battery of 10lectins. The samples recruited for study were 15sections from patients with PAR and 17 from healthy individuals who had no nasal disease and underwent rhinoplasty surgery for cosmetic reasons. Both groups were matched for age (p=0.208). Results. No significant difference in the concentration of galactose, fucose, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine in the epithelium and submucosal glands of the inferior turbinate was found between the groups. Likewise, neuraminidase digestion of peripheral sialic acid revealed similar concentration of the penultimate galactose residue. The only significant difference was a higher concentration of mannose in submucosal serous glands of patients with PAR compared with normal controls (p=0.04).     

Glycoconjugate expression in perennial allergic rhinitis: a lectin histopathological study

CONCLUSIONS: The data show that differences in the concentrations of glycoconjugates of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and normal controls are modest, thus indicating that the composition of the mucus in allergic patients largely resembles that of healthy individuals. The findings may point to the need for volume reduction methods controlling mucus production in patients with PAR. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the composition and concentration of inferior turbinate glycoconjugates of patients with PAR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six specific oligosaccharides found in the inferior turbinate mucosa were stained with a battery of 10 lectins. The samples recruited for study were 15 sections from patients with PAR and 17 from healthy individuals who had no nasal disease and underwent rhinoplasty surgery for cosmetic reasons. Both groups were matched for age (p = 0.208). Results. No significant difference in the concentration of galactose, fucose, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine in the epithelium and submucosal glands of the inferior turbinate was found between the groups. Likewise, neuraminidase digestion of peripheral sialic acid revealed similar concentration of the penultimate galactose residue. The only significant difference was a higher concentration of mannose in submucosal serous glands of patients with PAR compared with normal controls (p = 0.04).