The amount of postural change experienced by adolescent computer users developing seated –related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain

Background

Improved techniques of measuring sitting posture have not led to a more comprehensive understanding of poor posture, nor its association with pain. There is also an evidence gap regarding critical thresholds of sitting postural change over time related to pain production. This paper describes postural angle changes over a 12-month period, and describes the process of placing defensible cut-points in the angle change data, to better understand associations between posture change over time, and onset of upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (UQMP).

Has the Prevalence of Invalidating Musculoskeletal Pain Changed Over the Last 15 Years (1993–2006)? A Spanish Population-Based Survey

The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence and time trend of invalidating musculoskeletal pain in the Spanish population and its association with socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits, self-reported health status, and comorbidity with other diseases analyzing data from 1993–2006 Spanish National Health Surveys (SNHS). We analyzed individualized data taken from the SNHS conducted in 1993 (n = 20,707), 2001 (n = 21,058), 2003 (n = 21,650) and 2006 (n = 29,478). Invalidating musculoskeletal pain was defined as pain suffered from the preceding 2 weeks that decreased main working activity or free-time activity by at least half a day. We analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, self-perceived health status, lifestyle habits, and comorbid conditions using multivariate logistic regression models. Overall, the prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain in Spanish adults was 6.1% (95% CI, 5.7–6.4) in 1993, 7.3% (95% CI, 6.9–7.7) in 2001, 5.5% (95% CI, 5.1–5.9) in 2003 and 6.4% (95% CI 6–6.8) in 2006. The prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain among women was almost twice that of men in every year (P < .05). The multivariate analysis showed that occupational status (unemployed), sleep <8 hours/day and having any accident in the preceding year were significantly associated in both gender with a higher likelihood of suffering from invalidating musculoskeletal pain among Spanish adults. Within men, other predictors of invalidating musculoskeletal pain were to be married and lower educational level, whereas in women were age of 45–64 years old (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–2.7), obesity (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42), a sedentary lifestyle (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42), and presence of comorbid chronic diseases (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14–1.53). Further, worse self-reported health status was also related to a greater prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain (OR 6.88, 95% 5.62–8.40 men, OR 7.24, 95% 6.11–8.57 women). Finally, we found that the prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain increased from 1993 to 2001 for both men (OR 1.31, 95% 1.08–1.58) and women (OR 1.19, 95% 1.03–1.39) with no significant increase from the remaining surveys. Our results suggest that invalidating musculoskeletal pain deserves an increased awareness among health professionals. More educational programs which address postural hygiene, physical exercise, and how to prevent obesity and sedentary lifestyle habits should be provided by Public Health Services.PerspectiveThis population-based study indicates that invalidating musculoskeletal pain that reduces main working activity is a public health problem in Spain. The prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain was higher in women than in men and associated to lower income, poor sleeping, worse self-reported health status, and other comorbid conditions. Further, the prevalence of invalidating musculoskeletal pain increased from 1993 to 2001, but remained stable from the last years (2001 to 2006).     

Validity and reliability of wheelchair sitting posture measures using Coach’s Eye in abled subjects

People in wheelchairs spend a long time in the sitting position and often incur alignment problems resulting in neck and back pain. This study: (1) assessed the validity/reliability of Coach’s Eye (CE) smart device application, (2) examined the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position, and (3) compared changes in cervical rotation at each back support angle. Abled subjects sat in a wheelchair with back support angles positioned at 90°, 100°, and 110°. CE, as well as ImageJ software, was used to analyze three angles: sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA). There were highly significant differences for CVA and SA (p < 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. Validity of CE was examined by correlating CE with ImageJ scores. CE had high validity for all angles (r = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 respectively, p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability for SHA, CVA, and SA was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ranged from 0.95 to 0.99). Head (CVA) and shoulder (SA) alignment was closest to neutral posture with back support angles set at 110° and 90°, respectively.     

Relationship Between the Exposure to Occupation-related Psychosocial and Physical Exertion and Upper Body Musculoskeletal Diseases in Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

PurposeNurses’ musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are worldwide prevalent and are considered to be a costly occupational injury. This study aims to investigate the relationship between exposure to occupation-related psychosocial factors, physical workload, and upper body musculoskeletal diseases among hospital nurses.MethodsAn electronic search was implemented using nine databases with June 2019 as the latest search date. English and Chinese studies were chosen, and data were independently and separately extracted by two investigators. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for each subset, using the fixed or random-effects model, following heterogeneity between studies for research synthesis. The source of heterogeneity was explored through subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-analyses.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Most participants were women (51.4%–100.0%), aged between 20 and 60. A correlation was found between high job demand and the prevalence of low back pain (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.23-1.62). Total job strain was related to the risk of low back pain (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.15-2.55), neck pain (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.26-2.20), shoulder pain (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.06-2.48) and back pain (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.10-1.91). Furthermore, the physical workload was significantly associated with the prevalence of low back pain (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.32-2.35), neck pain (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08-1.27), shoulder pain (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.37-1.85) and back pain (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.45-1.90).ConclusionThere were significant associations between occupational strain, more physical workload and upper body MSDs, but the evidence advocating a growth risk in MSDs due to low levels of social support is quite weak.     

Effects of dry needling of the obliquus capitis inferior on sensorimotor control and cervical mobility in people with neck pain: A double-blind,randomized sham-controlled trial

BackgroundImpairments of sensorimotor control relating to head and eye movement control and postural stability are often present in people with neck pain. The upper cervical spine and particularly the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) play an important proprioceptive role; and its impairment may alter cervical sensorimotor control. Dry needling (DN) is a valid technique to target the OCI.ObjectivesTo investigate if a single DN session of the OCI muscle improves head and eye movement control-related outcomes, postural stability, and cervical mobility in people with neck pain.MethodsForty people with neck pain were randomly assigned to receive a single session of DN or sham needling of the OCI. Cervical joint position error (JPE), cervical movement sense, standing balance and oculomotor control were examined at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at one-week follow-up. Active cervical rotation range of motion and the flexion rotation test were used to examine the global and upper cervical rotation mobility, respectively.ResultsLinear mixed-models revealed that the DN group showed a decrease of JPE immediately post-intervention compared to the sham group (mean difference [MD]= -0.93°; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.85, -0.02) which was maintained at one-week follow-up (MD= -1.64°; 95%CI: -2.85, -0.43). No effects on standing balance or cervical movement sense were observed in both groups. Upper cervical mobility showed an increase immediately after DN compared to the sham group (MD= 5.14°; 95%CI: 0.77, 9.75) which remained stable at one-week follow-up (MD= 6.98°; 95%CI: 1.31, 12.40). Both group showed an immediate increase in global cervical mobility (MD= -0.14°; 95%CI: -5.29, 4.89).ConclusionThe results from the current study suggest that a single session of DN of the OCI reduces JPE deficits and increases upper cervical mobility in patients with neck pain. Future trials should examine if the addition of this technique to sensorimotor control training add further benefits in the management of neck pain.     

Prediction of failure to retain work 1 year after interdisciplinary functional restoration in occupational injuries

Brede E, Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. Prediction of failure to retain work 1 year after interdisciplinary functional restoration in occupational injuries.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for work retention (a patients' ability to both obtain and retain employment) at 1 year after treatment for a chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorder (CDOMD).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingConsecutive patients undergoing interdisciplinary functional restoration treatment in a regional rehabilitation referral center.ParticipantsA sample of 1850 consecutive CDOMD patients, who were admitted to and completed a functional restoration program, were subsequently classified as work retention or nonwork retention at a 1-year posttreatment evaluation.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresMeasures, including medical evaluations, demographic and occupational data, psychosocial diagnostic evaluation, and validated measures of pain, disability, and depressive symptoms, were obtained at admission to, and discharge from, the program.ResultsUsing a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following variables were found to be significant predictors of failure to retain work: older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.54), female sex (OR=1.46; 95% CI, 1.09–1.94), nonworking status at discharge (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.11–2.45), extreme disability at admission (OR=1.46; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00), antisocial personality disorder (OR=2.11; 95% CI, 1.09–4.08), receipt of government disability benefits at admission (OR=2.28; 95% CI, 1.06–4.89), and dependence on opiate pain medications (OR=1.43; 95% CI, 1.02–2.00). The final model improved prediction by 75% over assigning all patients to the larger (work retention) group.ConclusionsThis study identified demographic, psychosocial, and occupational factors that were predictive of failure to retain work. These risk factors may be used to individualize treatment plans for CDOMD patients in order to provide optimal functional restoration.     

Smartphone addiction and its association with upper body musculoskeletal symptoms among university students classified by age and gender

[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to: 1) survey smartphone addiction among university students, 2) survey the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to the respondents’ sitting posture, and 3) determine the association between smartphone addiction and upper body musculoskeletal symptoms, classified by age and gender. [Participants and Methods] Two self-report questionnaires were employed to collect data from 2,645 university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. [Results] Of 2,027 respondents (860 males and 1,167 females), the participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 26 years with a mean age of 20.5 ± 1.38 years. The prevalence of smartphone addiction and upper body musculoskeletal symptoms among participants were 15.9% and 30%, respectively. Overall, the mean value of pain severity was 3.66 ± 1.67 out of 10 on the visual analog scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smartphone addiction (OR=6.05, 95% CI: 4.68–7.84), was significantly associated with upper-body musculoskeletal symptoms when adjusted by age and gender. [Conclusion] The prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal symptoms was relatively high, especially for female smartphone users and students aged over 20 years. These results suggest that smartphone addiction may be a potential risk factor for upper body musculoskeletal symptoms in university students.Key words: Smartphone addiction, Musculoskeletal symptoms, University students     

Work-related injury among south Texas middle school students: prevalence and patterns

BACKGROUND: Work experiences among early adolescents are largely undocumented. Our purpose was to document the prevalence of work and work-related injury among lower-income Hispanic South Texas middle school students. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were conducted in classrooms of sixth- through eighth-grade students, and 3,008 students reported current or recent employment. RESULTS: The prevalence of work was 56%; mean weekly work hours were 7.7. Increasing weekly work hours were significantly related to work injury (11-20 hours, odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.9; 21+ hours, OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2, compared with 1-10 hours). The odds of injury were highest for agriculture (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 3.3-6.0), followed by restaurant (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.4), construction (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.4-5.2), and yard work (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2). CONCLUSION: Working more than 20 hours weekly increased the likelihood of injury among middle school students. Parents and professionals should monitor weekly school-year work hours.     

Risk factors for persistence of multiple musculoskeletal pains in adolescence: A 2‐year follow‐up study

Musculoskeletal pain in multiple sites is common already in adolescence, and may lead to subsequent musculoskeletal complaints in adulthood. We examined predictive factors for the persistence of multiple musculoskeletal pains in adolescence over a 2‐year time span. A postal questionnaire was administered to a subsample of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 1773) when subjects were aged 16 and 18. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the possible risk factors of new‐onset of multiple pains at 18 years and 2‐year persistence of multiple pains were obtained using multinomial logistic regression. Multiple musculoskeletal pains were common; 43% of boys and 63% of girls at 16, and 61% of boys and 81% of girls at 18 reported pain in more than one site during the last 6 months. Moreover, multiple pains had a high persistence rate, as 75% of boys and 88% of girls with multiple pains at 16 reported multiple pains also at 18. In the multivariate analysis, emotional and behavioral problems (internalizing problems, OR 2.3; externalizing problems, OR 2.2), and high sitting time (OR 1.6) among boys, and internalizing problems (OR 3.7), high physical activity level (OR 1.6), short sleeping time (OR 1.7), and smoking (OR 1.9) among girls were predictive factors for the persistence of multiple pains. No statistically significant associations between the baseline variables and new‐onset multiple pains were found. Multiple musculoskeletal pains appear to have a high tendency to persist in adolescence; both psychosocial factors and lifestyle factors contribute to this vulnerability.     

Impact of musculoskeletal symptoms on general physical activity during nursing education

Nursing education should prepare students for a lifelong professional career including managing clinical physical demands. Musculoskeletal symptoms, such as bodily pain, have been reported among nurses and nursing students but less is known about the impact of symptoms in daily activities. The aim was to explore the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and their impact on general physical activity among nursing students. This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire to all undergraduate nursing students at one university. The prevalence of symptoms and physical impact during past 3 and 12 months was calculated for each study year. Odds ratio was analysed with logistic regression. Of 348 students 224 responded, 84% women, mean age 24.6 years (range 20–46). Of those 143 (64%) reporting symptoms during the past 12 months, 91 (64%) reported impact on physical activities. Most commonly reported were everyday activities such as transportations and prolonged sitting. The odds ratio for reporting symptoms was 1.8 for year 2 (95% CI: 0.9–3.5), and 4.7 for year 3 (95% CI: 2.1–10.7). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was high among nursing students and higher the final study year and not only resulted in discomfort but had an impact on the students' general physical activities.     

Cervical and shoulder postural assessment of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and association with upper quadrant pain

Background:

There is sparse literature that provides evidence of cervical and shoulder postural alignment of 15 to 17-year-old adolescents and that analyzes sex differences.

Objectives:

To characterize the postural alignment of the head and shoulder in the sagittal plane of 15 to 17-year-old Portuguese adolescents in natural erect standing and explore the relationships between three postural angles and presence of neck and shoulder pain.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two secondary schools in Portugal. 275 adolescent students (153 females and 122 males) aged 15 to 17 were evaluated. Sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were measured with photogrammetry and PAS software. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment (ASES) was used to assess shoulder pain, whereas neck pain was self-reported with a single question.

Results:

Mean values of sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were 17.2±5.7, 47.4±5.2, and 51.4±8.5º, respectively. 68% of the participants revealed protraction of the head, whereas 58% of them had protraction of the shoulder. The boys showed a significantly higher mean cervical angle, and adolescents with neck pain revealed lower mean cervical angle than adolescents without neck pain. 53% of the girls self-reported regular neck pain, contrasting with 19% of the boys.

Conclusions:

This data shows that forward head and protracted shoulder are common postural disorders in adolescents, especially in girls. Neck pain is prevalent in adolescents, especially girls, and it is associated with forward head posture.     

The Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents and Associated Risk Factors: An Example from Turkey

Introduction

Identifying risk factors is important in intervening in suicide, which is a preventable cause of death in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and risk factors for suicidal thought in high school students aged 15–18 years.

Methods

The data were obtained from questionnaire forms administered to 2438 high school students aged 15–18 years. Risk factors that might be associated with suicidal thought were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of suicidal ideation in adolescents in the last 12 months was 17.9%. Being female [OR 1.95, (CI 95% 1.47–2.59)], use of alcohol [OR 2.44, (CI 95% 1.63–3.68)] and addictive drugs [OR 1.78, (CI 95% 1.07–2.97)], being in physical fights [OR 1.76, (CI 95% 1.34–2.32)], having no close friends [OR 2.17, (CI 95% 1.34–3.52)], bullying(victimization) [OR 1.99, (CI 95% 1.43–2.77)], and other psychosocial distress were significant risk factors in the development of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Solutions for decreasing risky behaviors for health, particularly the use of alcohol and addictive drugs, prevention of violence between peers, and strengthening of social relationships, must be developed.

     

浙江省宁波市4～6年级小学生近视现况及其影响因素分析

  目的  了解浙江省宁波市4～6年级小学生近视患病现状及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的近视防护和行为干预措施提供参考依据。  方法  分阶段整群抽样方法抽取调查对象进行问卷调查和近视筛查,描述调查对象的近视患病现状,采用非条件logistic回归对近视的影响因素进行多因素分析。  结果  1 088名学生的总近视率为61.5%。 多因素分析结果表明,不同居住地（OR=0.547,95%CI:0.417～0.717）、年级（OR=2.188,95%CI:1.556～1.251）、每天家庭作业时间（OR=0.498,95%CI:0.327～0.759）、每周文化类补习班时间（OR=1.358,95%CI:1.019～1.809）、读写时眼睛书本距离（OR=0.732,95%CI:0.549～0.976）、父母近视情况（OR=2.233,95%CI:1.706～2.922）与调查对象近视率差异存在关联。  结论  居住地、年级、每天家庭作业时间、每周文化类补习班时间、读写时眼睛书本距离、父母近视是调查对象近视患病的影响因素。 为降低目标人群的近视患病率,需要开展有针对性的宣传教育和行为干预。     

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in female Swedish physical therapists with more than 15 years of job experience: Prevalence and associations with work exposures

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in female physiotherapists with more than 15 years of job experience. A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to 203 female physiotherapists with more than 15 years of job experience. Unconditional logistic regression was used to study the association between job exposures and the risk for WRMDs. The questionnaire was returned by 131 physiotherapists (64.5%). Of 99 subjects who answered specific questions about WRMDs, 52 (53.5%) were affected by WRMDs in at least one body part. Regions most affected were the hand/wrist (n=31; 58.5%) and the lower back (n=30; 56.5%). For hand/wrist pain, associations were found with: orthopedic manual therapy techniques (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2–13.1); working in awkward or cramped positions (OR=4.96; 95% CI=1.3–18.7); and high psychological job demands (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.2–15.0). For lower back pain, associations were found with: working in awkward or cramped positions (adjusted OR=6.37; 95% CI=1.6–24.7); and kneeling or squatting (adjusted OR=4.76; 95% CI=1.4–15.9). More than half of the respondents reported WRMDs. General physical and psychosocial work-related exposures, as well as specific therapy tasks, were strongly associated with WRMDs. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to determine the direction of causality.     

Psychosocial Predictors of Acute and Chronic Pain in Adolescents Undergoing Major Musculoskeletal Surgery

Acute and chronic pain delay recovery and impair outcomes after major pediatric surgery. Understanding unique risk factors for acute and chronic pain is critical to developing effective treatments for youth at risk. We aimed to identify adolescent and family psychosocial predictors of acute and chronic postsurgical pain after major surgery in adolescents. Participants included 119 youth age 10 to 18 years (M_age = 14.9; 78.2% white) undergoing major musculoskeletal surgery and their parents. Participants completed presurgery baseline questionnaires, with youth reporting on baseline pain, anxiety, depression, insomnia and sleep quality, and parents reporting on parental catastrophizing and family functioning. At baseline, 2-week, and 4-month postsurgery, youth completed 7 days of daily pain diaries and reported on health-related quality of life. Sequential logistic regression models examined presurgery predictors of acute and chronic postsurgical pain, defined as significant pain with impairment in health-related quality of life. Acute pain was experienced by 27.2% of youth at 2 weeks, while 19.8% of youth met criteria for chronic pain at 4 months. Baseline pain predicted acute pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–2.90), while depressive symptoms (OR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.01–1.47), and sleep quality (OR = 0.26; 95%CI = 0.08–0.83) predicted chronic pain. Tailored interventions need to be developed and incorporated into perioperative care to address risk factors for acute and chronic pain.PerspectiveLongitudinal results demonstrate adolescents’ presurgery pain severity predicts acute postsurgical pain, while depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality predict chronic postsurgical pain. Tailored interventions should address separate risk factors for acute and chronic pain after adolescent surgery.     

Neurologic complications in neonates supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An analysis of ELSO registry data

Background

Neurologic complications in neonates supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are common and diminish their quality of life and survival. An understanding of factors associated with neurologic complications in neonatal ECMO is lacking. The goals of this study were to describe the epidemiology and factors associated with neurologic complications in neonatal ECMO.

Patients and methods

Retrospective cohort study of neonates (age ≤30 days) supported with ECMO using data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization during 2005–2010.

Results

Of 7,190 neonates supported with ECMO, 1,412 (20 %) had neurologic complications. Birth weight <3 kg [odds ratio (OR): 1.3; 95 % confidence intervals (CI): 1.1–1.5], gestational age (<34 weeks; OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.1–2.0 and 34–36 weeks: OR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.1–1.7), need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to ECMO (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.5–2.0), pre-ECMO blood pH ≤ 7.11 (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.4–2.1), pre-ECMO bicarbonate use (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.2–1.5), prior ECMO exposure (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.6–2.6), and use of veno-arterial ECMO (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.4–2.0) increased neurologic complications. Mortality was higher in patients with neurologic complications compared to those without (62 % vs. 36 %; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Neurologic complications are common in neonatal ECMO and are associated with increased mortality. Patient factors, pre-ECMO severity of illness, and use of veno-arterial ECMO are associated with increased neurologic complications. Patient selection, early ECMO deployment, and refining ECMO management strategies for vulnerable populations could be targeted as areas for improvement in neonatal ECMO.     

Clinical differentiation between acute renal infarction and acute ureteral stone in the emergency department: A single-center retrospective case-control study

BackgroundFew studies have compared renal infarction (RI) and ureteral stone (US), so there is insufficient evidence for emergency clinicians (ECs) to quickly suspect RI during the first assessment. Therefore, we compared the initial clinical presentation and laboratory findings of these diseases in the emergency department (ED) to determine a factor that may indicate RI.MethodsThis single-center retrospective case-control study included 42 patients with acute RI and 210 with US who visited the ED from 2014 to 2020. Medical record data from first ED arrival were investigated, and clinical presentations, blood and urine test results obtained in the ED were compared and analyzed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsECs never suspected the initial diagnosis of RI as RI. The most common initial diagnosis was US (40.5%). Among patients with US, 150 patients (71.4%) were suspected of having US (p < 0.001). Abdominal pain (61.9%) was the most common chief complaint in the RI group, and flank pain (73.8%) was the most common in the US group (p < 0.001). 27 factors showed significant differences between the groups. Among those, age ≥ 70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 311.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–47,833.1), history of A-fib (OR: 149872.8, 95% CI: 289.4–7.8E+07), fever ≥37.5 °C (OR: 297.3, 95% CI: 3.3–27,117.8), Cl⁻ ≤ 103 mEq/L (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 1.0–80.1), albumin ≤4.3 g/dL (OR: 26.6, 95% CI: 2.1–330.3), LDH ≥500 IU/L (OR: 17.9, 95% CI: 1.8–182.5), and CRP ≥0.23 mg/dL (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 1.1–52.3) showed significantly high ORs, whereas urine RBCs (OR: 0, 95% CI: 0–0.02) showed a low OR (p < 0.05). The regression model showed good calibration (chi-square: 6.531, p = 0.588) and good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.9913).ConclusionsWhen differentiating acute RI from US in the ED, age ≥ 70 years, history of A-fib, fever ≥37.5 °C, LDH ≥500 IU/L, Cl⁻ ≤ 103 mEq/L, albumin ≤4.3 g/dL, CRP ≥0.23 mg/dL and negative urine RBC result suggest the possibility of RI.     

Reduced flexion rotation test in women with chronic and episodic migraine

ObjectiveTo compare flexion rotation test and global active cervical mobility in women with chronic migraine, episodic migraine, and headache-free controls. The influence of neck pain-related disability on the flexion rotation test was also analyzed.MethodsWomen with chronic migraine (n = 25), episodic migraine (n = 30), and those who were headache-free (n = 30) were evaluated. Upper cervical mobility was measured using the flexion rotation test and global active mobility was assessed using the cervical range of motion device. Neck pain related-disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index. Statistical analyses were performed using a MANOVA test, prevalence ratios, and linear regression.ResultsChronic (right, MD: ?15°; 95%CI: ?21° to ?11°; left, MD: ?13°; 95%CI: ?20° to ?12°) and episodic (right, MD: ?8°; 95%CI: ?13° to ?4°; left, MD: ?8°; 95%CI: ?12° to ?5°) migraine groups achieved lower flexion rotation test mobility bilaterally than headache-free women. Only chronic migraine was associated with a lower global cervical range of motion compared to that of headache-free women during flexion, (MD: ?8°; 95%CI: ?15° to ?1°), extension (MD: ?13°; 95%CI: ?20° to ?4°), right lateral flexion (MD: ?4°; 95%CI: ?9° to ?0.2°), left lateral flexion (MD: ?6°; 95%CI: ?10° to ?2°), right rotation (MD: ?9°; 95%CI: ?15° to ?4°), and left rotation (MD: ?8°; 95%CI: ?13° to ?2°). Migraine was associated with a 2.85-fold increase in the risk of a positive flexion rotation test. Flexion Rotation Test was influenced by disability-related neck pain (R² = 19.1; p = 0.001).ConclusionWomen with migraine have a lower upper cervical range of motion than headache-free women. Women with chronic migraine demonstrated reduced global cervical range of motion when compared to headache-free women. Migraine was associated with in increased likelihood of a positive Flexion Rotation Test. Reduction in mobility was influenced by migraine frequency and disability-related neck pain.