脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗

目的：回顾性研究脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗的疗效、生存时间 及影响生存时间的相关因素分析。方法：伽玛刀治疗50例脑转移瘤患（174个病 ）。通过Kaplan-Meier法时序检验（og rank test）对影响患生存 时间的因素进行单变量统计学分析。结果：中位生存时间8个月（3－28个月），平均生存时间为10．35个月。对伽玛刀治疗后的生存时间有明显影响的因素是：患年龄、原发病灶切除；全脑放疗；原发病灶切除＋化疗。结论：伽玛刀放射外科治疗是一种安全、有效的脑转移瘤治疗方法。     

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤46例临床分析

目的：伽玛刀是治疗脑转移瘤的一种途径，尤其对多发病灶者。方法：用伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤随访１０个月以上者共４６例，其中单发２７例，多发１９例，共１０３个病灶。结果：脑转移瘤相对较小，而靶周边剂量相对较大者，完全缓解率较高。结论：无论单发及多发病灶伽玛刀治疗１年存活率均较开颅手术为高。多发病灶需配合全脑放疗及化疗，否则易产生新病灶，使病情进展。     

脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗后生存影响因素的临床分析

目的　探讨脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗后患者生存的影响因素。方法　回顾 47例伽玛刀病人的治疗结果。拟定治疗病灶大小、病灶数目、治疗前后有全脑放疗经过、治疗时的KPS、治疗病灶有不均匀增强、有颅外转移灶、性别、年龄等变量为患者生存影响因素 ,采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析 ,确定多因素条件下患者生存的影响因素。结果　平均生存期为 1 1个月 ,半年和一年生存率分别为 67%和 37%。显著影响患者生存的因素为病灶大于 >2 .5cm ,KPS≤ 70分及有颅外转移灶。结论　伽玛刀是治疗脑转移安全有效的方法。病灶大小、全身状况及病灶扩散状况是影响患者生存预后最主要的因素     

姑息性伽玛刀治疗老年脑转移瘤

目的 总结姑息性伽玛刀治疗老年(≥65岁)脑转移瘤患者的治疗效果. 方法 福建医科大学附属协和医院伽玛刀治疗中心自2004年3月至2010年3月共治疗134例老年脑转移瘤患者,共治疗212次,治疗病灶403个,平均中心剂量及边缘剂量分别为(29.3±8.4) Gy和(15.9±4.8) Gy.Kaplan-Meier方法计算患者的中位生存期,Cox回归分析影响伽玛刀治疗效果的临床因素. 结果 获影像学随访的372个病灶中,完全消失66个(17.7％),部分缓解174个(46.8％),无变化94个(25.3％),部分进展38个(10.2％).Kaplan-Meier分析显示患者中位生存期为10.9个月.影响伽玛刀治疗效果的因素为治疗前KPS评分、脑转移预后分级(RPA分级)、转移瘤数目和原发肿瘤的控制情况. 结论 伽玛刀治疗老年脑转移瘤是安全有效的姑息性治疗手段,有助于维持患者良好的生活质量.     

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤46例临床分析

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤４６例临床分析张津津，刘阿力，王忠诚本文报告了在１９９５年１月～１２月内，我们用伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤病人，且随访超过１０个月者，共４６例。其中单发２７例，多发１９例，共１０３个病灶。男性２９例，女性１７例，比例为１．７：１，年龄３６～...     

脑转移瘤的伽玛刀治疗

脑转移瘤的伽玛刀治疗肖安平，吴声伶，吴鸿勋，梁军潮，刘德平自１９９５年７月至１９９６年７月，我们应用伽玛刀（γ刀）治疗脑转移瘤患者８８例，共２２８个病灶。我们对其中５７例患者，共１２３个病灶，进行了３～１２月随访，其中男３６例，女２１例，单发病灶者２...     

脑转移瘤的伽玛刀治疗

目的 评价伽玛刀治疗颅内脑转移瘤的疗效,分析能够预测预后生存率的因素.方法 407例脑转移瘤患者接受了伽玛刀治疗,随访344例,共756个病灶,肿瘤体积平均为(8.2±5.1)cm3,中心剂量和周边剂量分别(27.1±4.9)Gy和(15.4±2.0)Gy.对计数资料用X2检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线.结果 经过平均(17.7±9.8)个月的随访,影像学提示肿瘤消失140个、缩小331个、不变222个、增大63个.死亡病例114(33.1%)例,伽玛刀治疗后的平均生存期为(12.1±6.0)个月.年龄＜65岁、单发脑转移瘤、KPS≥70的患者有较好的生存率,且具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤具有良好的控制率.年龄＜65岁、无颅外病变加重、KPS评分≥70、转移瘤灶少、原发灶控制,是具有良好生存期的预后因素.     

脑转移瘤的放射外科治疗的新模式：2阶段伽玛刀放射外科治疗策略探索及疗效分析

目的 评估2阶段伽玛刀放射外科治疗体积较大或靠近高危神经结构且存在手术禁忌的转移瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2017年12月1日—2020年6月30日在上海伽玛医院接受分2阶段伽玛刀立体定向放射外科治疗的39例患者的53处大型或靠近危急神经结构的脑转移瘤。肿瘤治疗前的初始体积为(15.4±11.5)cm³。为患者设计间隔较长[平均(13.1±9.3)d]的2个阶段的伽玛刀治疗方案。重点监测治疗后病灶体积缩小比例以分析本治疗方案对于肿瘤的局部控制效果,除此之外观察患者治疗后卡氏功能状态评分(KPS)改善情况、所有患者的整体生存、放射反应发生的情况等。结果 100%患者顺利耐受2个阶段的治疗计划。到第2阶段治疗时,所有肿瘤体积缩小了平均24.8%±21.1%,第2阶段治疗完成后的3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月肿瘤体积分别平均缩小了68.3%±20.4%、74.6%±22.2%、70.4±23.7%和66.9±34.4%。12个月和24个月生存率分别为80%和60%。中位生存时间为24个月。11.3%的病灶出现复发,复发的中位时间为21.5(9～24)个月。15...     

肺癌脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗

目的回顾性研究肺癌脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗的疗效、生存时间及并发症.方法伽玛刀治疗42例肺癌脑转移瘤病人(151个病灶).年龄34-76岁,男29例,女13例.脑转移瘤的诊断依据典型的脑部CT或MRI影像表现及肺癌的诊断证据.应用Gamma plan3.01-5.12软件系统进行剂量计划,23004B型Gamma Knife治疗.肿瘤边缘剂量8～25Gy,平均21Gy,边缘等剂量线40～95%,肿瘤平均治疗容积4.75cm3.结果随访3～26个月,平均10.27个月,中位生存时间8个月(3～26个月),平均生存时间为10.27个月.1年的生存率35.7%,2年的生存率7.1%.肿瘤控制率为98.7%,在术后6～20个月有5个肿瘤先后复发.40例病人术前的症状体征明显缓解或消失,2例加重.有2例病人出现伽玛刀治疗后的并发症.结论伽玛刀放射外科治疗是一种安全、有效的脑转移瘤治疗方法.     

伽玛刀立体定向放射外科治疗脑转移瘤的疗效观察

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的近期临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择脑转移瘤患者48例（108个病灶）采用伽玛刀治疗,肿瘤周边剂量14-21Gy,平均18Gy;中心最大剂量32-40Gy,平均35.4Gy。结果对48例患者伽玛刀治疗后进行临床随访,随访时间为1-27个月,平均10个月,完全缓解8例（16.7%）,部分缓解26例（54.2%）,无变化10例（20.8%）,进展4例（8.3%）,肿瘤局部控制率为91.7%（44/48）。有神经系统症状33例患者,神经症状完全缓解11例（33.3%）,部分缓解21例（63.6%）,所有患者KPS评分均有上升。平均生存期17.4个月,未出现严重不良反应。结论伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤具有疗效好、安全的优势,能有效提高脑转移瘤患者生活质量,延长生存期。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.