小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗体会

目的：小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗的体会和应用价值。方法：2000年1月-2005年12月本院对126例临床诊断肠套叠的患儿进行空气灌肠诊断与整复，整复未成功者行外科手术。结果：空气灌肠整复成功112例，整复成功率88．9％，其中14例复位失败后改行手术治疗。结论：小儿急性肠套叠只要符合适应症并无其他并发症；空气灌肠为小儿急性肠套叠首选且经济的治疗方法。     

空气压力灌肠诊断与治疗小儿急性肠套叠（附177例分析）

目的 :提高对小儿急性肠套叠空气压力灌肠适应证和操作要点的认识。材料和方法 :临床诊断为急性肠套叠177例 ,行腹部摄片、空气压力灌肠诊断与整复 ,整复未成功者行外科剖腹探查 ,回顾分析空气压力灌肠的指征和操作要点。结果 :( 1)腹部平片 :出现典型肠梗阻表现 11例 ,未出现者 16 6例 ;( 2 )空气压力灌肠的X线征象 :杯口状软组织块 16 1例 ,无软组织块 16例 ,杯口状软组织块合并钳状、球状、息肉状、分叶状影分别为 31例、19例、6例、11例 ;( 3)整复成功16 1例 ,未成功 16例。结论 :小儿急性肠套叠 ,在适应证范围内 ,应首选空气压力灌肠。     

针灸配合空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的研究

目的:探讨针灸配合空气灌肠在整复小儿肠套叠中的价值。方法:取足三里、合谷、天枢、中脘、关元等穴位,毫针直刺,深度0.5-1寸,用泻法,配合空气灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠。结果:32例肠套叠针灸配合空气灌肠复位成功31例,占96.8％。结论:针灸结合空气灌肠提高了肠套叠的整复率,是小儿肠套叠诊断、治疗的首选方法。     

超声引导下温生理盐水灌肠在小儿肠套叠整复过程中影响因素分析

小儿肠套叠是临床儿科常见的急腹症之一.目前诊断和治疗方法主要有空气、气钡灌肠整复和超声引导下水灌肠整复以及有创的外科手术治疗.近年来浙江省乐清市人民医院在超声引导下,用温生理盐水灌肠并加以手、探头双合诊在诊治小儿肠套叠中效果显著,整复成功率明显提高.现收集2005年～2010年1月乐清市人民医院超声引导下诊断和治疗的213例肠套叠患者资料,分析影响小儿肠套叠整复的因素,以进一步提高小儿肠套叠整复的成功 率.     

脉冲式空气灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠(附86例分析)

目的:探讨脉冲式空气灌肠治疗小儿急性肠套叠的临床价值和疗效。方法:经肛门插入Foley气囊导管,连接脉冲灌肠整复仪,先行诊断性空气灌肠,确诊为肠套叠后行脉冲空气整复,难复型结合手法按摩,本组病例气压选择在8~16KPa之间。结果:86例患者中,回—结肠型72例(83.7%),回—回—结肠型14例(16.3%),套头位于回盲部25例,升结肠17例,结肠肝曲14例,横结肠8例,结肠脾曲9例,降结肠5例。81例患者复位成功,成功率约94.2%。结论:脉冲式空气灌肠能减轻套叠部位的痉挛与水肿,提高肠套叠的整复成功率。     

小儿肠套叠气压整复的临床应用分析

目的：通过对85例小儿肠套叠气压整复的临床观察，分析肠套叠的坏死征象，从而提高肠套叠诊断准确性和整复率，减少灌肠并发症。材料和方法：近三年来，用气钡灌肠机确诊小儿肠套叠共85例，分析小儿肠套叠气压整复的体会和成功率。结果：85例确诊小儿肠套叠，除7例伴肠坏死，2例严重淤血水肿未能整复外，其余76例(90％)全部整复，无出现灌肠并发症。结论：基层医院要注意抓住肠坏死特有X线征象，避免或减少灌肠并发症为重点。采用简便安全的整复术，可提高整复率，有极好临床应用疗效。     

小儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复围灌肠期护理的临床应用研究

目的评价围灌肠期精心护理在小儿肠套叠成功实施空气灌肠整复中的临床意义。方法总结分析我院2008年1月至2010年5月经超声确诊为急性肠套叠的130例患儿(男83例,女47例;年龄2个月～11岁,中位年龄2岁)的临床资料。所有患儿均经透视实时监视(n=95)和超声实时监视(n=35)下空气灌肠。常规清洁灌肠,灌肠前及灌肠过程中注意观察患儿排便颜色及临床表现,并将观察情况及时报告经治医师。肠套叠整复后,维持肠管内气压10～15 min,肌肉注射山莨菪碱(0.2 mg/kg体重)。结果由于采取了适时有效的护理措施,130例患儿中127例的肠套叠得到整复,其成功率为97.69%。未发生与空气灌肠操作相关的并发症和复发的肠套叠。结论精心做好围灌肠期护理工作,是保证患儿安全和提高灌肠整复成功率的关键性因素。     

空气灌肠复位术治疗小儿肠套叠312例临床分析

目的：探讨小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠复位的疗效及并发症.方法：回顾性分析312例肠套叠患儿经空气灌肠诊疗的临床资料.结果：312例患儿,一次性空气灌肠复位成功281例（98%）,复位成功25例2次（8%）,失败6例（2%）.结论：空气灌肠是诊治小儿肠套叠最有效的方法之一,安全性好,并发症少.     

臭氧混合气体灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠的应用探讨

目的:探讨臭氧与空气混合气体灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠的临床应用价值。方法:搜集本院采用臭氧与空气混合气体灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠的46例患儿(臭氧组)的病例资料,与采用传统空气灌肠治疗的102例患儿(空气组)进行对照分析。结果:臭氧组45例1次复位成功,1例2次复位成功,复位成功率为100%(46/46),一次复位成功率为97.8%(45/46);空气组83例1次复位成功,9例2次复位成功,10例复位失败,复位成功率为90.1%(92/102),一次复位成功率为81.4%(83/102)。两组比较复位成功率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.82,P<0.05),一次复位成功率差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=7.34,P<0.01)。臭氧组辐射剂量平均值为(3.56±1.36)mSv,空气组辐射剂量平均值为(5.82±2.25)mSv,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用臭氧与空气混合气体灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠,整复率高,患儿辐射剂量小,明显优于传统空气灌肠方法。     

空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的体会－附三例空气灌肠整复中肠穿孔病例报告

空气灌肠不仅对小儿肠套叠具有可靠的诊断价值，而且是整复小儿肠套叠的重要方法之一，近年来我们对120例小儿肠套叠应用空气灌肠整复，其整复率达80％以上，我们认为这种方法操作简便，费用低，危险小，并可减少手术并发症及死亡率，确是一种行之有效的X线诊断治疗方法。     

婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT诊断

目的总结婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT表现,并分析其诊断价值。方法回顾分析本院经临床证实的98例婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT表现。结果 98例经MSCT诊断肠套叠的病例均经临床证实,诊断准确率100%。4例经MSCT诊断有空气灌肠整复禁忌症,均行手术治疗;94例患儿行空气灌肠整复,79例整复成功（整复率84.0%）。结论 MSCT对婴幼儿肠套叠的诊断率准确高,对临床选择肠套叠复位方式具有重要指导意义。     

Comparison of oxygen and barium reduction of ileocolic intussusception

Reports that gas reduction of ileocolic intussusception has a better success rate than traditional barium reduction prompted us to evaluate this technique and to compare the results with our previous experience with barium. Our method of intussusception reduction uses oxygen at a flow rate of 2 l/min and with a maximum pressure of 80 mm Hg. The results of 65 consecutive patients with 69 episodes of intussusception over a 9-month period were retrospectively reviewed. For eight episodes, gas enema was not used, including six patients who had barium reduction during the introduction of the gas technique and two patients in whom no intussusception was seen during gas enema were excluded. In the remaining 61 episodes, six patients were considered to be unacceptable risks for attempted therapeutic reduction with either oxygen or barium, according to our current criteria, and had primary surgery. Enemas with oxygen were attempted in 55 cases and were successful in 40 (73%). If all 61 cases with confirmed intussusception are included, the overall success rate with oxygen was 66%. We had greater success with oxygen than with barium (73% vs 53%), although identical pressures were used and the number of severely ill patients referred for therapeutic enema (90% vs 60%) had increased. The change in the referral pattern reflects the adoption of less conservative criteria for excluding patients from having therapeutic enema. No complications have occurred to date. We have had greater success with the use of oxygen than with that of barium, and have had no complications. Therefore, at our institution, oxygen has superseded barium for the therapeutic reduction of ileocolic intussusception.     

Therapeutic enema for pediatric ileocolic intussusception: using a balloon catheter improves efficacy

A therapeutic enema for pediatric intussusception may benefit by using a rectal catheter with an inflated balloon. We compared the efficacy of rectal catheters without and with an inflated balloon for air and liquid enemas. We retrospectively reviewed PACS images and hospital records of children who had a therapeutic enema for intussusception at our institution between January 2006 and May 2011. Sixty-two enemas in 60 children were included. Physician assistants with training in pediatric fluoroscopy and pediatric radiologists were more likely to use air enema (37/41 or 90 %), and general radiologists were more likely to use liquid enema (18/21 or 86 %). However, the reduction rate for air enema overall was only slightly higher than for liquid enema using an inflated balloon catheter (36/40 or 90 % versus 14/17 or 82 %) (P?=?0.653). For air enema, mean procedure time for successful reductions was shorter with an inflated balloon catheter than with a plastic catheter (7.6 versus 28.2 min) (P?<?0.009), but the reduction rate was not affected. For liquid enema, the reduction rate was higher with an inflated balloon catheter than without inflation (14/17 or 82 % versus 1/5 or 20 %; P?=?0.021), but the procedure time was not shortened. No procedural complications were directly attributed to using a rectal catheter with an inflated balloon. Using a rectal catheter with an inflated balloon appears to safely shorten the procedure time of a successful air enema and improve the reduction rate of liquid enema.     

针灸配合气或钡灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的研究

目的:提出针灸配合透视下灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠的方法,探讨针灸配合气或钡灌肠在整复小儿肠套叠 中的价值。方法:取足三里、合谷、天枢、关元、中脘等穴位,毫针直刺,深度0.5～1寸,用泻法,针后配合气或钡灌 肠治疗小儿肠套叠;并与传统气、钡灌肠整复肠套叠的成功率作对比。结果:试验组气或钡灌肠各32例,成功率分 别是31/32(96.9%)、30/32(93.7%),对照组气或钡灌肠各30例,成功率分别是26/30(86.6%)、25/30(83.3%)。 结论:气或钡灌肠结合针灸对整复小儿肠套叠较单纯灌肠整复率高,可作为小儿肠套叠治疗的首选方法。     

小儿肠套叠空气灌肠复位影响因素探讨

目的 分析空气灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠的各种影响因素。方法 对117例确诊肠套叠的患儿，采用双腔气囊外接压力计或不接压力计，在X线透视下行空气灌肠。结果 117例中，完全复位92例(78％)，复位失败17例(14．5％)，不完全复位8例(6％)。结论 空气灌肠是治疗小儿肠套叠的重要方法，其影响复位成功与否的因素，主要有套入时间、类型、复位方法等。     

Intussusception: the use of delayed, repeated reduction attempts and the management of intussusceptions due to pathologic lead points in pediatric patients

OBJECTIVE: The nonoperative management of intussusception continues to evolve and is the subject of ongoing debate. Our purpose was to assess our current enema reduction rate and to focus on two specific issues that have received little attention in the literature: first, the value and safety of using delayed, repeated reduction attempts and, second, the management of intussusceptions due to lead points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all intussusception cases seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, a tertiary pediatric hospital, from May 1999 to December 2002. RESULTS: There were 163 children with a total of 219 intussusceptions. Enema reduction was attempted in 211 (96%). Reduction rate with air enema was 90.2%. Delayed reduction attempts were used in 25 patients (15.3%) in 26 intussusceptions (12.3%) and were successful in 50% of the cases. Lead points were documented in 13 children (8%); sonography depicted the lead points in seven (53.8%) of the 13. The reduction rate of intussusceptions due to lead points was 63.6% (14/22). CONCLUSION: Air enema associated with the use of delayed, repeated reduction attempts is a safe and effective approach for intussusception reduction with a high success rate. Delayed, repeated reduction attempts should be considered when the initial attempt manages to move the intussusceptum and the patient remains clinically stable. The management of intussusceptions due to lead points remains a challenge. Sonography does not depict all lead points, and the indication for other imaging studies should be tailored according to each particular patient. We recommend attempted enema reduction in all patients with lead points.     

Recurrent ileocolic intussusception with appendiceal lead point in a 2-year-old child: an etiology to be aware of on ultrasound

Ileocolic intussusception is a differential consideration in young pediatric patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Appendiceal intussusception is an uncommon variant of ileocolic intussusception where the appendix is contained within the intussusception, which can be challenging to diagnose preoperatively. In this case report, we present a 25-month-old female presenting with intermittent, diffuse abdominal pain. Initial ultrasound evaluation demonstrated ileocolic intussusception, which was successfully reduced by air enema. The patient experienced recurrent symptoms and had several recurrent episodes of ileocolic intussusception with the appendix contained within the intussusceptum. After the fifth recurrence, the patient underwent surgical intervention. The inflamed appendix was discovered to be inverted within the cecum, resulting in a lead point for intussusception of the terminal ileum. The patient underwent laparoscopic reduction of the ileocolic intussusception and appendectomy. Few cases of appendiceal and concurrent ileocolic intussusception are described in the literature. It is important that radiologists and surgeons be aware of this entity when evaluating pediatric ileocolic intussusception, particularly at the time of ultrasound and air enema, in order to ensure appropriate management and prevent complications.     

Air enema for diagnosis and reduction of intussusception: clinical experience and pressure correlates

Air enema was used for exclusion, diagnosis, initial movement, and complete reduction of intussusception in 186 pediatric patients. Average pressure needed for initial movement of intussusception was 56.5 mm Hg; average maximum pressure of 97.8 mm Hg was required for complete reduction. Average fluoroscopy time required for intussusception reduction was 94.8 seconds; an average of 41.8 seconds was required to exclude intussusception. Intussusception was diagnosed in 75 patients, and reduction was accomplished in 65 (87%). Of 100 consecutive patients that underwent hydrostatic reduction of intussusception at the authors' institution, reduction was successful in 55. Compared with hydrostatic enema, air enema involves shorter fluoroscopy time and lower radiation dose to the patient. Air enema is safe and effective for diagnosis and treatment of intussusception in infants and children and has replaced hydrostatic enema for such procedures at the authors' institution.     

重复空气灌肠在儿童肠套叠整复中的价值及指征

目的 评估空气灌肠整复儿童肠套叠的成功率,价值及指征.方法 收集进行空气灌肠复位术的343例肠套叠病例的临床及影像学资料,男237例、女106例.年龄范围为2个月～9岁,病程为3～72 h.依据重复灌肠结果,将本组病例中实施重复空气灌肠的49例病例分为2组,即"成功组"和"失败组".对以上2组病例的临床资料和影像学表现进行对比分析.统计学方法采用独立样本t检验和四格表X~2检验.结果 本组病例中,首次空气灌肠复位成功者277例,66例首次灌肠失败者中49例行重复灌肠术,其中30例成功复位.本组病例(343例)首次空气灌肠复位成功率为80.76%;2次灌肠成功率为61.22%;空气灌肠整复肠套叠的总成功率为89.50%.重复空气灌肠"成功组"与"失败组"患儿在首次灌肠前腹立位片中肠梗阻出现率、套入部头端位置、首次灌肠末套入部退缩的位置以及首次灌肠失败后,减压状况下套入部恢复情况间存在显著或极显著统计学差异(P值分别为0.049;0.023;0.003和0.005).结论 重复空气灌肠有助于提高儿童肠套叠整复的成功率.