大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注中1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1的表达变化

目的 观察大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1(S1P1)的变化,探索S1P1在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分成假手术组、缺血2h再灌注3h组、6h组、12h组、24h组、24h+安慰剂组和24h+FTY720组.应用"线栓法"实现大鼠右侧大脑中动脉闭塞,2h后拔出线栓进行再灌注,并在相应时间点处死大鼠.再灌注24h+安慰剂组和再灌注24h+FTY720组大鼠于再灌注前10min经尾静脉注入安慰剂或S1P受体激动剂FTY720[1mg/(kg·体重)].利用免疫组化方法观察S1P1蛋白表达水平的变化,对再灌注24h+安慰剂组和再灌注24h+FTY720组大鼠进行神经功能评分、梗死体积测定和TUNEL阳性细胞计数.结果 与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组大鼠梗死灶周围区皮质S1P1的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),开始于再灌注后3h,12h达到高峰,24h开始下降.FTY720显著缩小梗死体积,改善神经功能评分,减少TUNEL阳性细胞数量.结论 S1P1在脑缺血再灌注过程中激活,减轻缺血再灌注损伤,发挥脑保护作用.     

糖尿病脑梗死大鼠血管内皮生长因子及其受体表达水平的变化

目的 研究糖尿病脑梗死(DMCI)早期半暗带等值区血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体(FLT-1,FLK-1)表达水平的变化.方法 建立DMCI大鼠模型,在脑缺血后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h,采用原位杂交方法测定大鼠大脑缺血半暗带等值区VEGF、FLT-1、FLK-1 mRNA的表达水平;并与无糖尿病的脑梗死(NDMCI)大鼠比较.结果 DMCI组在脑缺血后各时间点脑缺血半暗带等值区VEGF mRNA的表达水平均显著低于NDMCI组(P＜0.05～0.01),FLK-1 mRNA表达水平在脑缺血后12 h显著低于NDMCI组(P＜0.01),FLT-1 mRNA表达水平在脑缺血后各时间点(除6 h)与NDMCI组差异无统计学意义.结论 DMCI早期VEGF和FLK-1 mRNA表达水平降低,这可能是DMCI血管、神经病变重的原因之一.     

β-七叶皂甙钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后NF-κB、ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达的影响

目的 探讨大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注脑组织缺血区不同时间点NF-κB、ICAM-1、VCAM-1蛋白表达的变化,及β-七叶皂甙钠干预效果.方法 采用大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞法(MCAO)制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,用免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注不同时间段,NF-κB、ICAM-1、VCAM-1蛋白的表达.并在大鼠于脑缺血前24h、1h及再灌注即刻分别腹腔给予β-七叶皂甙钠5mg/kg,2h MCAO,再灌注24h、48h后取脑,运用TTC染色测算脑梗死体积,免疫组化染色检测NF-κB、ICAM-1、VCAM-1蛋白表达,分析β-七叶皂甙钠的干预效应.结果 (1)脑缺血后缺血区脑组织NF-κB及ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达均增加,NF-κB于再灌注后12～24h表达达高峰,ICAM-1于再灌注后24h表达达高峰,VCAM-1于再灌注后24～48h表达达高峰.(2)NF-κB的表达与血管内皮ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达呈正相关.(3)β-七叶皂甙钠能显著降低脑缺血再灌注后24h和48h缺血区NF-κB、ICAM-1及VCAM-1的表达增加.(4)β-七叶皂甙钠能明显减轻脑缺血再灌注后的脑组织损伤,再灌注24h脑梗死体积减少41.8%.结论 (1)脑缺血再灌注后NF-κB、ICAM-1、VCAM-1大量表达,这可能是脑缺血再灌注损伤机制之一.(2)脑缺血后NF-κB的活化可能与微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1、VCAM-1蛋白表达调控有关.(3)β-七叶皂甙钠能够减轻脑缺血后的脑组织损伤,有神经保护作用.     

Pin1和Bmi1在人类胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 研究人类肽基脯氨酰异构酶(Pin1)和B细胞特异单克隆鼠白血病毒整合位点基因(Bmi1)在人类胶质瘤中的表达,并探讨它们与胶质瘤分化程度的关系.方法 制作由WHO Ⅱ级胶质瘤组织30例、WHO Ⅲ级胶质瘤组织19例、WHO Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织21例与正常脑组织13例组成的组织芯片,免疫组化方法检测Pin1和Bmi1的表达情况.结果 Pin1和Bmi1在WHO Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤阳性率分别是(35±3.7)%,(63.7±3.9)%,(77.9±9.2)%和(20.1±5.1)%,(55.1±6.3)%,(61.7±2.7)%,均高于各自正常组(10.7±2.9)%和(7.9±1.3)%,均为P＜0.05.Pin1和Bmi1表达与胶质瘤等级呈正相关.结论 Pin1和Bmi1可能在胶质瘤发生过程中起重要作用.Pin1和Bmi1的表达检测可能成为胶质瘤的有效诊断指标.     

KISS-1和MTA-1在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的 研究肿瘤转移抑制基因KISS-1和转移相关基因MTA-1在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达情况,并分析两者与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法 采用免疫组化SP法对31例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和28例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织标本KISS-1和MTA-1的蛋白表达进行检测,RT-PCR法对KISS-1和MTA-1mRNA的表达进行检测,分析它们在侵袭组和非侵袭组中的表达差异.结果 59例垂体腺瘤患者中,侵袭性垂体腺瘤组KISS-1的蛋白阳性率和mRNA表达均低于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组(χ2=4.88,t=12.05,P<0.05),MTA-1的蛋白阳性率和mRNA表达均高于非侵袭性腺瘤组(χ2=5.43,t=12.99,P<0.05).结论 在侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中KISS-1表达下调、MTA-1表达上调,提示可能与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关.     

Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1在脑出血中的表达水平变化及其与病情严重程度的关系

目的 探讨Dickkopf-1(DKK-1)、LINGO-1、小窝蛋白1(caveolin-1)在脑出血中的表达水平变化及其与病情严重程度的关系。方法 选取2017年5月-2019年5月在本院就诊的脑出血患者70例,少量出血25例,中量出血24例,大量出血21例; 根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分评估脑出血患者的病情严重程度其中轻型26例、中型24例、重型20例; 采用多田氏公式计算患者出血量,其中少量25例、中量24例、大量21例; 手术入路通道中临近血肿0.5cm脑组织作为脑出血组,将远隔血肿位置的脑组织作为对照组; 采用免疫组化染色检测相关因子的表达水平。结果 脑出血组DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于对照组(P<0.05); 大量出血患者阳性表达率高于中量和少量出血患者(P<0.05); 中量出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于少量出血患者(P<0.05)。重型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于中型和轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05); 中型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05)。结论 Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1在脑出血患者脑组织中高表达,并随着患者病情严重程度的加重,Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1表达水平越高     

Edaravone attenuates cadmium-induced toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in ICR mice

The neurotoxicity caused by cadmium (Cd) is well known in humans and experimental animals. However, there is no effective treatment for its toxicity. In this study, we established Cd toxicity models in cultured cells or mice to investigate the detoxification effect of edaravone (Eda). We found that Eda protected GL261 cells from Cd toxicity and prevented the loss of cell viability. In Cd-exposed mice, liver, kidney and testicular damage, as well as cognitive dysfunction were observed. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, such as decreased SOD and CAT, increased LDH and MDA, and abnormal changes in the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were detected in serum and brain tissue. Eda protected mice from Cd-induced toxicity and abrogated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Also, Eda prevented inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes and was accompanied by restoration of the neuronal marker protein MAP2, indicating restoration of neuronal function. In addition, the BDNF-TrkB/Akt and Notch/HES-1 signaling axes were involved in the response of Eda to the elimination of Cd toxicity. In conclusion, Eda does contribute to the clearance of Cd-induced toxicity.     

Dickopff-1的真核表达载体构建及其对SHG44的作用

目的 构建Diekopff-1(DKK-1)的真核表达质粒,研究SHG44转染DKK-1并经BCNU处理后其生物学特性的变化.方法 将纯化扩增的人DKK-1与真核表达载体peDNA3.1连接后转化人大肠杆菌DH5α感受态扩增重组,以LipofectamineTM2000介导将重组质粒转染SHG44细胞,经G418筛选后进行鉴定.BCNU处理转染DKK-1基因后的SHG44细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞特性变化.结果 扩增获得的816 bp特异片段,重组质粒经鉴定及测序分析结果 完全一致.重组载体转染SHG44细胞经G418筛选后,转染细胞在DNA、mRNA、蛋白水平均有DKK-1的表达.BCNU处理后的未转染、空质粒转染、重组质粒转染的三组SHG44细胞,平均凋亡率分别为1.0%、1.4%、8.0%.结论 本实验成功构建了pcDNA3.1-DKK-1真核表达质粒,并建立稳定表达DKK-1蛋白的胶质瘤细胞株(SHG44-DKK-1).转染DKK-1能增强SHG44对BCNU的敏感性,促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡.     

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体NR1亚基口服基因疫苗的制备和激活SD大鼠产生循环抗体的初步报告

目的研制携带N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1(N-methyl，D-aspartate receptor subunit 1，NR1)的口服疫苗，探讨疫苗激活SD大鼠产生循环抗体的可能性。方法采用聚合酶链反应、酶切连接和蓝白筛选的方法构建NR1的表达载体；以磷酸钙共沉淀的方法转染HEK293细胞，并用G418筛选阳性细胞克隆；应用逆转录聚合酶链反应和免疫荧光细胞染色方法鉴定阳性细胞株；经氯化钙法制备携带NR1表达载体的减毒鼠伤寒沙门(氏)菌口服疫苗(SL—NR1)；胃内灌注600μL、D(λ)260nm为0．6的SL—NR1，2周内4次给药；以阳性细胞株为靶细胞，用免疫荧光方法检测大鼠循环中NR1抗体滴度。结果扩增出NR1基因并构建了含有NR1基因的表达载体——pCDNA3．1-NR1；建立了细胞株HEK 293-NR1；证实口服疫苗可激活SD大鼠(23／25只)产生NR1抗体。结论成功研制了携带NR1基因的口服减毒鼠伤寒沙门(氏)菌活疫苗，其可激活机体免疫反应产生NR1抗体。     

TRPV1 promotes repetitive febrile seizures by pro-inflammatory cytokines in immature brain

Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common seizure disorder in children, and children with FS are regarded as a high risk for the eventual development of epilepsy. Brain inflammation may be implicated in the mechanism of FS. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is believed to act as a monitor and regulator of body temperature. The role of inflammation in synaptic plasticity mediation indicates that TRPV1 is relevant to several nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy. Here, we report a critical role for TRPV1 in a febrile seizure mouse model and reveal increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the immature brain. Animals were subjected to hyperthermia for 30 min, which generates seizures lasting approximately 20 min, and then were used for experiments. To invoke frequently repetitive febrile seizures, mice are exposed to hyperthermia for three times daily at an interval of 4 h between every time induced seizure, and a total of 4 days to induce. Behavioral testing for febrile seizures revealed that a TRPV1 knock-out mouse model demonstrated a prolonged onset latency and a shortened duration and seizure grade of febrile seizure when compared with wild type (WT) mice. The expression levels of both TRPV1 mRNA and protein increased after a hyperthermia-induced febrile seizure in WT mice. Notably, TRPV1 activation resulted in a significant elevation in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1) in the hippocampus and cortex. These data indicate that the reduction of TRPV1 expression parallels a decreased susceptibility to febrile seizures. Thus, preventative strategies might be developed for use during febrile seizures.     

The Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides

A review of research on the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides is presented with emphasis on Tyr-MIF-1 and its structure, passage through the blood-brain barrier, and both opiate antagonist and agonist properties. Family members MIF-1, Tyr-W-MIF-1 and Tyr-K-MIF-1 are also included.     

The Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides

A review of research on the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides is presented with emphasis on Tyr-MIF-1 and its structure, passage through the blood-brain barrier, and both opiate antagonist and agonist properties. Family members MIF-1, Tyr-W-MIF-1 and Tyr-K-MIF-1 are also included.     

Magnetic resonance imaging - a method of studying the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale

The planum temporale is a triangular region on the upper surface of the temporal lobe. This area of the brain is important for language processing and shows a left-right asymmetry of size in most brains. Particular interest has been focused on the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in brains of individuals with developmental dyslexia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method that produces excellent morphological details of organic structures. We have developed an MRI method of studying the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in human brains. Because of considerable variation of anatomical landmarks in this cortical region of the brain, an evaluation of asymmetry is not possible in all brains. Furthermore, our experience with this method indicates that any indirect imaging technique of studying asymmetry of the planum temporale must be evaluated with caution. With this in mind, however, MRI may give valuable anatomical information about the planum temporale in individuals with anomalous language function.     

Therapeutics development in myotonic dystrophy type 1

Myotonic dystrophy (DM1), the most common adult muscular dystrophy, is a multisystem, autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by an expanded CTG repeat that leads to nuclear retention of a mutant RNA and subsequent RNA toxicity. Significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of RNA toxicity have led to the previously unforeseen possibility that treating DM1 is a viable prospect. In this review, we briefly present the clinical picture in DM1, and describe how the research in understanding the pathogenesis of RNA toxicity in DM1 has led to targeted approaches to therapeutic development at various steps in the pathogenesis of the disease. We discuss the promise and current limitations of each with an emphasis on RNA-based therapeutics and small molecules. We conclude with a discussion of the unmet need for clinical tools and outcome measures that are essential prerequisites to proceed in evaluating these potential therapies in clinical trials.     

人脑胶质瘤中CCND1基因的转录与表达

目的检测和分析人脑胶质瘤中CCND1基因的转录与表达,及其对肿瘤发生、发展的生物学意义.方法采用免疫组化、原位杂交法检测52例人脑胶质瘤及8例正常人脑组织中Cyclin D1 mRNA蛋白以及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达水平.结果脑胶质瘤中CD1蛋白及mRNA呈过度表达,其标记指数和阳性率随肿瘤的恶性程度增高而增加.两者的标记指数之间、以及与PCNA标记指数之间均为显著正性相关.结论人脑胶质瘤中CCND1过度转录和表达,随胶质瘤临床病理分级增加而增高,同时与肿瘤细胞增殖状态密切相关,提示CCND1基因的异常转录和表达在胶质瘤的发生与发展中起着重要的促进作用.     

重症肌无力患者血清TGF-β1和sICAM-1的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及可溶性细胞间粘附分子(sICAM-1)在重症肌无力(MG)发病中的作用及其临床意义.方法采用酶联免疫吸附ELISA方法,测定了32例MG患者及30名正常对照组(NC)血清TGF-β1和sICAM-1的水平.结果与NC组相比,MG患者血清TGF-β1明显降低(P＜0.01),而sICAM-1水平则明显升高(P＜0.01).与轻型组比较,重型组TGF-β1水平明显降低(P＜0.01),而sICAM-1水平则明显升高(P＜0.01).动态观察显示,治疗后随着病情的好转,TGF-β1水平逐渐升高,而sIMCA-1水平则逐渐下降.结论TGF-β1和sICMA-1可能参与了MG的发病机制,且与病情的轻重有密切关系.