改良哈氏棒内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段骨折并脊髓损伤

我科自1994年至1997年应用改良哈氏棒内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段骨折并脊髓损伤21例,近期随访疗效满意,现报告如下: 临床资料 1.一般资料:本组21例,男15例,女6例;年龄:16～44岁,平均31岁;受伤原因:坠落伤17例,车祸2例,重物砸伤5例;入院时间:伤后半小时至4天,平均为3.5天,入院后6小时～5天手术,平均3天;受伤节段:T_(12)3例,L_1 15例,L_2 2例,L_3 1例。骨折按Armstrong类型分类:爆裂型骨折6例,压缩性骨折13例,剪力骨折2例;受伤后神经功能按Frankel法评定:A级4例,B级12例,C级4例,D级1例。21例均经椎板切除减压、改良哈氏棒内固定。     

胸腰椎疾病CT检查与脊髓造影对比分析

近年来脊髓造影与CT检查已渐成为脊柱疾病的常规检查方法。然而它们各有优缺点,为使诊断定位更准确,更好地鉴别椎管疾患,选择最佳诊治方案。我们选择近年来经手术证实术前均做过脊髓造影与CT检查的85例胸腰椎疾患,按疾病分类进行统计,分析比较。 资料与方法 一、本组85例中,男23例,女12例;年龄24岁—62岁,平均43岁。外伤13例:男11例,女2例;其中T_(12)骨折脱位7例,L_1骨折5例,L_3骨折脱位1例;椎间盘突出38例:男31例,女7例,其中L_(3～4)突出一例,L_(4～5)突出21例,L_5～S_1不突出14例,L_4～L_5双间隙突出2例;椎管狭窄28例:男26例,女2例,其中L_(4～5)狭窄10例,L_5～S_1狭窄16例,L_4～S_1狭窄2例;椎管肿物6例:男5例,女1例,其中转移瘤3例,脊膜瘤2例,神经纤维瘤1例。     

背伸复位Dick器械内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

自1994年3月以来,我院共收治胸腰椎骨折78例,经采用背伸复位Dick器械内固定法治疗36例,取得了满意的效果。现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 36例中,男21例,女15例,年龄26～45岁,平均33岁。其中T_(11),骨折3例,T_(12)骨折15例,L_1骨折17例,L_2骨折1例,均为闭合骨折。损伤原因:车祸伤9例,高处坠落伤27例。合并神经损伤25例,其中完全截瘫4例,无神经症状11例。伤后至手术时间1～10d。     

短节段CD棒椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

我们自1991年6月应用短节段CD棒椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎椎体骨折52例,49例获随访,疗效满意,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 本组49例,男41例,女8例;年龄19～63岁,平均37岁。受伤至手术时间10h～15d,平均3d。骨折类型按Denis分类:压缩型11例,爆裂型29例,骨折脱位型9例。脊髓损伤程度按Frankel分级法A级15例,B级7例,C级17例,D级9例,E级1例。部位T_(10)1例,T_(11)6例,T_(12)10例,L_128例,L_23例,L_34例。     

脊柱前后路内固定器治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床比较

我院自1994年1月-2001年11月应用后路Luque及椎弓根钉(Steffee、SF、TSRH)和侧前方(Z-plate)等5种不同器械进行内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折203例,经过5个月～6年(平均3.4年)的随访,取得较好的疗效,现报告如下。1 临床资料 本组203例,男150例,女53例;年龄20～53岁,平均31.2岁。致伤原因:高处坠落伤70例,车祸伤82例,砸伤51例。骨折部位:T_(10)7例,T_(11)12例,T_(12)63例,L_1 83例,L_2 23例,L_3 10例,L_4 5例。骨折类型按Denis分类:屈曲压缩型64例,爆裂型88例,屈曲牵引型16例,屈曲旋转型27例,剪力型8例。神经损伤按Frankel分级:A级32例,B级41例,C级61例,D级43例,E级26例。受伤至手术时间     

Steffee钢板固定治疗胸腰椎骨折并脊髓损伤的体会

笔者自1991年以来,应用Steffee钢板固定治疗胸腰椎不稳定骨折合并不全瘫16例,完全性截瘫7例,体会到手术操作相对简易,疗效满意.现报告如下.1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组男18例,女5例.年龄18～56岁,平均34.8岁.致伤原因:高处坠落伤14例,塌方压砸伤3例,屈身蹲位修车压伤2例,交通事故1例,其它伤3例.骨折类型:屈曲压缩型8例,爆裂型11例,骨折脱位型4例.骨折部位:T_91例,T_(11)3例,T_(12)5例,L_16例,L_26例L_32例.不全性瘫痪16例,完全性截瘫7例.伤后距手术时间1/3～9天.平均3.4天.     

RF系统椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

胸腰椎不稳定骨折采用RF系统椎弓根内固定治疗,具有三维空间复位和短节段固定的优点,而且操作简单,椎体复位效果好,椎管减压有效,固定坚强可靠。自1996年2月至1999年10月采用RF系统治疗39例胸腰椎骨折,效果满意。 临床资料 1.一般资料:本组男性28例,女性11例。年龄21～59岁(平均34岁),其中21～35岁30例,占77％。损伤节段:T_(12)12例,L_1 14例,L_2 8例,L_3 5例,其中4例两相邻椎体骨折脱位。损伤原因:砸压伤11     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折截瘫前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定

我院从1994年7月～1997年2月,对22例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫采用脊椎前路减压,椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定术,获得满意效果。报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 本组22例,男20例、女2例;年龄34～48岁。损伤部位T_(12)9例、L_113例。 1.2 影像学检查 全部病例都摄胸腰椎X线正、侧位片及CT扫描。骨折类型均为爆裂性骨折,按照Denis爆裂型骨折分型:上终板破裂11例,下终板破裂5例,上、下终板破裂4例、椎体一侧严重压缩粉碎2例;脊柱畸形按Dickson方法测量X线片脊柱伤压缩程度结果向后成角15°以内3例,15～20°16例,大于25°3例。CT扫描示椎体后壁突入椎管5.3～9.1mm,平均为7.8mm。CT扫描椎管侵犯按Wolter分型1度4例,2度16例,3度2例。     

经骨折椎椎弓根直接复位固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经骨折椎椎弓根直接复位固定的可行性及原理。方法2001年6月～2005年11月手术治疗胸腰椎单节段爆裂性骨折患者24例,男16例,女8例；平均年龄32．5岁。骨折部位：T_(11) 2例,T_(12) 9例,L_1 11例,L_2 2例。按ASIA脊髓神经功能障碍分级标准：A级1例,B级2例,C级5例,D级3例,E级13例。按椎管阻塞面积分为4度：Ⅰ度3例,Ⅱ度9例,Ⅲ度10例,Ⅳ度2例。手术方法：骨折椎及相邻的上、下椎体经椎弓根置入螺钉后,按固定区的正常矢状面形态将棒预弯；旋转预弯棒,利用中间螺钉作为支点,将骨折椎向前推顶,纠正伤椎后突畸形及水平移位；上、下椎弓根钉撑开,行后外侧植骨。结果所有患者获得3～34个月(平均21个月)随访,伤椎高度恢复至正常的93．6%,水平移位恢复至正常的0．6%,矢状面Cobb角由术前26．5°恢复至术后的3．1°。椎管面积由术前的44．6%增加至术后的92．1%。骨折椎体愈合满意,不完全神经损伤手术后脊髓神经功能有1～2级的恢复。无神经损伤及加重等并发症。结论经骨折椎椎弓根螺钉固定是安全可靠的方法；对骨折直接复位和固定可提高复位质量,改善固定强度及应力分布。     

侧前方减压后路内固定治疗胸腰段骨折合并截瘫

报告44例胸腰段骨折合并截瘫的侧前方减压后路内固定手术治疗,T_(11)3例,T_(12)13例,L_124例,L_24例,完全性瘫痪15例,不完全性瘫痪29例。随访38例,随访时间8～36月,脊髓神经功能按Frankel分级:5例全瘫及1例不全瘫无恢复,余32例均有1～3级的恢复。就手术时机、手术方式、内固定器械的选用、术中预防出血及避免负损伤进行讨论。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.