厄贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压左心室肥厚患者血压变异性的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压(以下简称高血压)左室肥厚患者血压变异性和左心室重构的影响。方法选取50例老年高血压、左室肥厚的患者,服用厄贝沙坦3个月,观察服药前后日间收缩压、舒张压,夜间收缩压、舒张压,24 h收缩压、舒张压的变化,并比较超声心动图参数,舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和左心室质量指数(LVMI)的变化。结果服药3月后,患者的日间收缩压、舒张压,夜间收缩压、舒张压,24 h收缩压、舒张压均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01);IVST、LVPWT、LVEDd及LVMI也呈显著性下降(P<0.01)。结论厄贝沙坦能够降低老年高血压左室肥厚患者的血压变异性,抑制心室重构,改善预后。     

伊贝沙坦逆转原发性高血压左心室肥厚的疗效观察

伊贝沙坦为近年来应用于临床的一种新的血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)受体亚型ATL拮抗剂,主要应用于原发性高血压,临床研究证实具有靶器官保护作用。一些研究已证实血管紧张素受体拮抗剂对逆转左室肥厚(LVH)明确有效[1]。本研究采用彩色多普勒超声心动图(UCG)评价长期服用     

以心室电风暴为主要临床表现的急性心肌梗死2例

1 病例报告 例1 患者男,79岁。因散步时突发心前区不适,伴面色苍白、出汗,现场急救立即给予硝酸甘油舌下含服,吸氧,行心电图检查时,突然意识不清,呼之不应,抽搐,心电图示室颤,血压为0。除颤后心电图示V1～V5导联ST抬高2．0mV,高于残存的R波形成墓碑样改变,诊断为急性广泛前壁心肌梗死。反复发作室速、室颤,电除颤4次,转复窦性心律,同时利多卡因100mg入壶,多巴胺40mg、利多卡因300mg加生理盐水250ml静脉滴注。病情平稳后转送医院,2天后患者因心脏破裂死亡。     

超声心动图与心电图诊断高血压病左心室肥厚的对比研究

目的：比较超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）与心电图（ＥＣＧ）对高血压病左心室肥厚的诊断准确率。材料和方法：对１１５例高血压病患者同时行ＵＣＧ和ＥＣＧ检查。结果：超声心动图检出左心室肥厚者６７例（５２．２％），心电图检出率２６例（２２．５％）。如将ＵＣＧ诊断作为金标准则ＥＣＧ诊断左心室肥厚的敏感性为３８．８％，特异性为８９．６％，准确率为６０．０％。结论：ＵＣＧ是诊断高血压病左心室肥厚较为可靠的无创伤性方法。     

急性心肌梗死致电风暴的抢救与护理

心脏电风暴又称交感风暴,是指24 h 内自发2次或2次以上的室性心动过速或心室颤动,可引起严重血流动力学障碍,需要立即电复律或电除颤等救治的急性危重性症候群。急性心肌梗死是导致心脏电风暴发作的常见原因,其发病急,也是心源性猝死的重要原因。在电风暴发作期间,尽快进行电复律是恢复血流动力学的首要措施。2016年3月军事医学科学院附属医院心内科收治1例急性心肌梗死致电风暴的男性患者,经反复电除颤抢救成功,现报道如下。     

老年高血压左心室肥厚及室性心律失常256例分析

由高血压引起的左心室肥厚临床上较常见,严重心律失常亦是老年高血压左心室肥厚患者猝死的原因之一。1997年1月-2001年12月,我们对我院老年高血压左心室肥厚与心律失常256例的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。现报告如下。     

老年高血压性左心室肥厚与缺血性脑卒中关系的临床探讨

目的探讨老年高血压性左心室肥厚患者与缺血性脑卒中发病的关系。方法选择40例单纯高血压病组和42例高血压合并左心室肥厚组的老年患者进行对比分析。经二维超声心动图检测2组患者左心室后壁厚度、室间隔舒张末期厚度,左心室舒张末期直径,计算左心室重量指数,并行头颅核磁共振检查。结果单纯高血压组合并缺血性脑卒中7例(17.50％),高血压合并左心室肥厚组22例(52.38％),两组比较差异显著,P<0.01。高血压合并左心室肥厚组随着左心室重量指数的增加,其缺血性脑卒中的发病率也随之有所增高。结论高血压伴心肌肥厚者较单纯性高血压病更易发生缺血性脑卒中,且其患病率随左心室重量指数的增加而增高。     

持续性室性心动过速掩盖陈旧性心肌梗死急性再梗死1例

病人,男,76岁.既往有冠心病,陈旧性下壁心肌梗死病史近30年.22 d 前因左下肢间歇痛3月, 加重1周就诊于我院普外科,造影发现双下肢动脉硬化,左股浅动脉、右腘动脉闭塞,诊断 "双下肢动脉硬化闭塞症",予抗凝、扩血管治疗,行左下肢动脉球囊扩张,术后未见血流通过左股浅动脉,放弃介入处理,给予阿司匹林、低分子肝素等药物治疗.     

硝苯地平与卡托普利对高血压左室肥厚的逆转作用比较

高血压病的左室肥厚[LVH]是冠心病的诸多危险因素之一，因此，防止和减轻LVH是改善冠心病预后的重要措施之一。国内外一些学者报道钙拮抗剂及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂均有逆转左室肥厚和改善左室功能的作用。我们选择两类的代表药硝苯地平和卡托普利对比观察对高血压病人LVH的逆转作用。现将结果报告如下。对象和方法一、对象观察对象为64例住院高血压病人。诊断依据WHO标准。以往均未长期服用过钙抬抗药或血管紧张素转换酶抑制药。随机分为两组：硝苯地平组[I组]32例，男20例，女12例，年龄58土8岁，病程15土6年；卡托普利组[！组]32…     

高血压病左室肥厚与甲状旁腺激素的关系

 对37例高血压病患者及20例正常人左室重量指数及甲状旁腺激素(PTH-M)进行了测定,结果表明高血压病患者甲状旁腺激素显著高于正常人,伴左室肥厚者与甲状旁腺激素显著相关,提示甲状旁腺激素可能促发高血压病左室肥厚.     

Influence of left ventricular hypertrophy on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) predisposes to larger infarct size, which may be underestimated by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) due to supranormal systolic performance often present in patients with LVH. The aim of the study was to compare infarct size and LVEF in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and increased left ventricular mass on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods

The study included unselected group of 52 patients (61 ± 11 years, 69% male) with first STEMI who had CMR after median 5 days from the onset of the event. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as left ventricular mass index exceeding 95th percentile of references values for age and gender. Infarct size was assessed with means of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Results

LVH was found in 16 patients (31%). In comparison to the rest of the group, patients with LVH had higher absolute and relative infarct mass (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). LVH was related to higher prevalence of microvascular obstruction and myocardial haemorrhage and higher number of LV segments with transmural necrosis (p = 0.02, p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). Despite marked difference in the infarct size between both studied subgroups there was no difference in LVEF and mean number of dysfunctional LV segments.

Conclusions

Patients with LVH undergoing STEMI have larger infarct size underestimated by the LV systolic performance in comparison to patients without LVH.     

急性心肌梗死后延迟PTCA及支架植入对慢性期左室重构和心脏事件的影响

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后延迟PTCA及支架术对慢性期左室重构和心脏事件的影响。方法　 5 2例初次AMI患者分为PTCA组 (n =2 7)和非PTCA组 (n =2 5 ) ,PTCA组于发病后平均 12d对梗死相关动脉行PTCA及支架术。随访两组患者的左室收缩末期容积 (LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积 (LVEDV)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)及心脏事件。结果　PTCA组患者术后LVEDV及LVESV与术前比较无显著差异 ,而非PTCA组患者随访后LVEDV及LVESV与随访前比较显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。LVEF在两组间无显著差异。PTCA组在心力衰竭 (4 %和 44 % ,P <0 .0 1)和复合终点事件 (33%和 72 % ,P <0 .0 5 )方面较非PTCA组明显下降 ,在死亡、不稳定性心绞痛及再次心肌梗死的发生率方面两组无显著差异。结论　AMI后延迟PTCA及支架术可抑制左室扩大 ,延缓慢性期左室重构 ,并显著减少心脏事件的发生     

延迟性PTCA 对急性心肌梗死后左心功能和预后的影响

目的　评价延迟性PTCA对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后左心功能和心脏事件的影响。方法　38例于AMI 2周后行延迟性PTCA(甲组 )和另 37例仅接受内科治疗 (乙组 ) ,均行住院和随访期ECT(左心室射血分数 ,LVEF)和超声心动图检查 (室壁运动异常积分 )及记录心脏事件发生率。结果　尽管两组平均LVEF相似 ,但甲组中 2 2例和乙组中 11例左心功能改善 (LVEF增加 >5 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。甲组心脏事件发生率 (2 8.9% )较乙组 (67.6% )明显减低 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组心源性病死率为 2 .6%和2 1.6% (P <0 .0 5 )。两组室壁运动异常积分均显著减低 (甲组 :10 .1± 5 .3和 9.0± 2 .9,P <0 .0 1;乙组 :11.6± 3.2和 10 .2± 3.9,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　延迟性PTCA能改善大部分AMI病人的左心功能 ,降低远期心脏事件和心源性病死率     

Survival benefit after revascularization is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction improvement in patients with previous myocardial infarction and viable myocardium

Purpose This study was designed to assess the relationships among myocardial viability, changes in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction after coronary revascularization and long-term event-free survival in patients with previous myocardial infarction and LV dysfunction. Methods We studied 253 patients with previous myocardial infarction and evidence of dysfunctional viable myocardium as assessed by echocardiography and ^99mTc-sestamibi imaging. Coronary revascularization was performed in 142 patients, while 111 were medically treated. In revascularized patients, echocardiography was repeated 12 months later to detect LV ejection fraction improvement, defined as an increase of 5% compared with baseline. All patients were followed for a mean period of 52±29 months. Cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction were considered as events. Results Event-free survival was higher in revascularized than in medically treated patients (P<0.001). Ejection fraction increased by 5% in 82 (58%) revascularized patients, and the extent of viable myocardium was the strongest predictor of such improvement (P<0.001). Event-free survival was similar for patients with (n=82) and patients without (n=60) LV ejection fraction improvement after revascularization, and it was better in revascularized than in medically treated patients in the presence of either substantial (5 viable segments) or low–intermediate (1–4 viable segments) viability (both P<0.01).Conclusion In patients with previous myocardial infarction and evidence of viable myocardium, coronary revascularization procedures improve outcome at long-term follow-up independently of LV ejection fraction improvement.     

卡维地洛联合科素亚对高血压患者左室结构及功能的影响

 目的观察卡维地洛联合科素亚对高血压病(EH)患者左室结构及功能的影响.方法观察84例高血压患者口服卡维地洛联合科素亚平均12个月后左室结构和功能改变.治疗前及治疗后12个月分别进行心脏超声检查,测量有关心血管参数.结果治疗后降压效果显著(P＜0.01),室间隔(IVST)、左室后壁(PWT)及左室重量指数(LVMI)均明显下降(P＜0.01),A峰速度明显下降,E峰速度及E/A比值明显增高(P＜0.01).结论卡维地洛联合科素亚治疗高血压病可安全有效降压,并同时逆转左室肥厚,改善左室舒张功能.     

Diagnosis of left ventricular free-wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction using CT

In patients with acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular free-wall rupture (LVFWR) is a well-recognized complication associated with high mortality. Accurate diagnosis of LVFWR allows successful surgical treatment and may improve survival rates. We report on two patients initially evaluated with a presumed diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection. In both cases CT revealed the presence of LVFWR.     

兔急性心肌梗死后左心室重塑的MRI研究

目的 观察兔急性心肌梗死( AMI)后心功能随时间演变的规律,探讨MRI影像特征及心功能指标的变化与左心室重塑的关系.方法 日本长耳白兔45只,采用开胸结扎法建立心肌梗死模型.分别于术后即刻(0周)和术后1、2、4、6、8周共6个时间点行在体MR检查,测定各项心功能指标,包括:左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、每搏输出量(Sv)、射血分数(EF)、射血率峰值(PER)、充盈率峰值(PFR).比较心肌梗死后心功能参数随时间变化的规律.在每个时间点随机取5只动物的心脏离体标本,行MR扩散张量成像(DTI),测量ADC值、各向异性分数(FA)值.不同时间点的心功能参数组间比较采用重复测量方差分析,各时间点梗死区心肌及不同区域心肌的FA值与ADC值的比较采用单因素方差分析,相邻2组均数的比较采用LSD-t检验.结果 随着梗死时间的延长,左心室EDV呈现增加趋势,由术前的(2.21±0.35) ml增加到术后8周时的(3.15±0.57)ml,但差异无统计学意义(F=1.384,P =0.220).EF则由(57.31±11.11)％下降至(34.71±8.72)％,呈明显下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(F =27.134,P=0.001).EF随着EDV增加呈现下降趋势,线性回归分析得出一次方程:y=- 5.58x± 57.7 (F=8.855,P=0.005).随梗死时间的延长,PER由(27.31±13.06) ml/s下降至(17.31±6.41) ml/s (F=2.105,P=0.037),而PFR则由(23.79±14.15) ml/s下降至(12.07±6.91) ml/s (F =2.366,P=0.011).梗死区FA值随着梗死时间的延长而下降,由0.442±0.093下降至0.107±0.037(F=12.61,P=0.001),而ADC值则由(5.07±1.15)×10-4 mm2/s上升至(6.39±0.78)×10-4 mm2/s(F=4.166,P=0.022),差异均有统计学意义.梗死区、边缘区和外围区的FA值分别为0.201±0.049、0.316±0.127、0.323 ±0.117,ADC值分别为(6.19±1.78)×10-4、(5.44±2.63)×10-4、(5.29±2.02)×10-4 mm2/s,差异均有统计学意义(F=3.896,P =0.004;F =3.248,P=0.018).FA、ADC值在梗死区与边缘区比较差异均有统计学意义(t=7.327,P=0.001:t =3.292,P=0.005),而边缘区和外围区的FA值、ADC值的差异无统计学意义(t=1.024,P=0.129;t=1.467,P=0.164).结论 MR心功能测定可以动态监测AMI后心室功能性重塑过程,通过DTI可以反映心室结构性重塑过程的心肌微观察结构的改变.MRI可以作为心肌梗死后左心室重塑的一种可行性的评价方法.     

False-positive defects in technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial single-photon emission tomography in healthy athletes with left ventricular hypertrophy

Exercise ECG and myocardial single-photon emission tomography (SPET) are fundamental in the non-invasive evaluation of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on myocardial sestamibi SPET in healthy young and old athletes. Eighteen young male elite athletes (ten rowers, five power/weight lifters and three triathletes) and 14 well-trained elderly rowers were studied. All underwent a bicycle test as part of a 2-day sestamibi SPET protocol. Attenuation correction was not performed. The studies were evaluated visually and quantitatively analysed by the CEqual program with its reference files and with a file from a local non-athletic age-matched population. Echocardiographic LVH was an inclusion criterion in the young athletes. Exercise ECG was normal in all subjects. In at least three of the young athletes a reversible defect was observed by visual analysis. On quantitative analysis one-third of the young athletes had ”significant” (>10 pixels) defects compared with both the local reference base and the CEqual reference population. Nearly all defects were found in the anterior or inferior wall. The remaining subjects, including all old rowers, had normal SPET findings. Anterior and inferior wall defects are so common in healthy athletes with physiological LVH that the specificity of myocardial SPET, in contrast to exercise ECG, seems to be too low for evaluation of chest pain in this group. The mechanism of anterior and inferior defects may be related to hot spots (papillary muscles?) in the lateral wall. The specificity of SPET is maintained in athletes without LVH. Received 9 March and in revised form 30 May 1998     

Prognostic implications of stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

Background  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac death. Data on the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with LVH are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the independent value of stress technetium 99m tetrofosmin MPI in predicting the long-term mortality rate in patients with LVH. Methods and Results  We studied 177 patients (mean age, 59±12 years; 134 men) with LVH by electrocardiographic criteria who underwent dobutamine or exercise stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin MPI. Endpoints during follow-up were cardiac and all-cause death and hard cardiac events. A normal scan was detected in 42 patients (24%). Myocardial perfusion abnormalities were fixed in 59 patients (33%) and reversible in 76 (43%). Perfusion abnormalities were observed in a single-vessel distribution in 79 patients and in a multivessel distribution in 56. During a mean follow-up period of 5.5±2 years, 60 patients (34%) died. Death was considered cardiac in 42 patients (24%). Nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 10 patients (6%). The annual mortality rate was 1.4% in patients with normal perfusion, 3.2% in those with perfusion abnormalities in a single-vessel distribution, and 8% in those with a multivessel distribution. In a multivariate analysis independent predictors of death were age (risk ratio [RR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.07), male gender (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.6), hypercholesterolemia (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.9), and abnormal perfusion (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–4.8). Conclusion  In patients referred for stress MPI, LVH is associated with a high mortality rale, with approximately one third of patients dying over a period of 5 years. Stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin MPI provides independent information for predicting death in these patients. This study was supported in part by a limited publication grant from GE Healtheare.     

彩色多普勒评价射心通胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者左室重构的影响

目的:探讨运用彩色多普勒超声评价射心通胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者左室重构的影响。方法:58例急性心肌梗死患者分为射心通组和培哚普利组,各29例,除常规西医治疗外,射心通组以射心通胶囊治疗3月,培哚普利组以培哚普利治疗3月。治疗前后均运用彩色多普勒测量左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)和左室射血分数(EF)并进行比较。结果:两组患者LVIDd、LVIDs、EDV、ESV和EF用药前后均有明显改变(P<0.05),组间疗效比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒对射心通胶囊抑制急性心肌梗死后左室重构有较好的评价作用。