经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影改良经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压急性上消化道出血23例

目的探讨超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影改良经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）的临床疗效,提高其穿刺准确性和安全性。方法回顾性分析空军总医院2010年7月至2011年10月采用经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影改良TIPS技术治疗门静脉高压所致急性上消化道出血23例患者的临床资料。超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺门静脉右支,成功后将Cobra导管置入门静脉进行造影、栓塞胃冠状静脉、测压,然后将Cobra导管置于门静脉,进行门静脉正侧位造影,引导Rups-100穿刺门静脉。球囊扩张肝实质分流道,置入金属支架,陈旧性血栓用金属支架旷置,造影测压。结果 23例患者均成功实施TIPS手术,上消化道出血即刻得到控制,手术时间（140.32±43.56）min、手术开始至胃冠状静脉封堵时间（12.53±13.18）min、穿刺针数（4.16±2.73）针、TIPS治疗可显著降低门静脉压力,TIPS治疗前后血氨无显著变化。结论超声引导下经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影改良TIPS,可标识定位指导TIPS操作,并可在第一时间封堵胃冠状静脉出血,提高了TIPS穿刺的准确性和安全性。     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术的护理

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS), 就是在X线透视下行颈内静脉穿刺,经上腔静脉、右心房、下腔静脉至肝静脉,自肝静脉穿刺至门静脉分支,建立肝静脉和门静脉之间的分流道,并植入支架,维护分流道通畅,达到降低门静脉压力,控制食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、促进脾脏缩小、腹水吸收[1].该技术可用于治疗肝硬化门脉高压并发的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和顽固性腹水,具有创伤小、不需全身麻醉、手术时间较短、并发症少等优点,术中可同时对出血的胃冠状静脉进行硬化剂或栓塞剂治疗[2].     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术的护理

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（TIPS）,就是在X线透视下行颈内静脉穿刺,经上腔静脉、右心房、下腔静脉至肝静脉,自肝静脉穿刺至门静脉分支,建立肝静脉和门静脉之间的分流道,并植入支架,维护分流道通畅,达到降低门静脉压力,控制食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、促进脾脏缩小、腹水吸收。该技术可用于治疗肝硬化门脉高压并发的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和顽固性腹水,具有创伤小、不需全身麻醉、手术时间较短、并发症少等优点,术中可同时对出血的胃冠状静脉进行硬化剂或栓塞剂治疗。     

应用NBCA栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床疗效

目的探讨应用NBCA栓塞治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法肝硬化门静脉高压症合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者28例,其中9例为肝癌合并门静脉癌栓。28例中,15例为食管静脉套扎术后再出血者,13例为药物保守治疗后再出血者。28例患者采取经皮经肝或经脾穿刺门静脉造影及曲张静脉的栓塞治疗,栓塞材料为组织黏合剂正丁基-2-氰丙烯酸盐(NBCA),NBCA和超液化碘化油的比例为1∶4~1∶8。对有较大的胃肾分流者,栓塞前经右股静脉、左肾静脉入路,放置球囊导管于分流道,栓塞时球囊扩张阻塞分流道。所有患者栓塞前后进行门静脉压力测定。结果28例中,27例成功进行胃左静脉、胃后静脉和胃短静脉完全性栓塞,其中8例较大胃肾分流者,栓塞时应用了阻塞球囊技术。门静脉压力由术前(34.7±7.4)cmH2O上升至术后(38.7±4.4)cmH2O(P<0.05)。4例见少量栓塞剂进入末梢肺动脉,2例出现一过性刺激性咳嗽,无严重的肺栓塞发生。11例患者术后胃镜复查,均显示静脉曲张明显改善。14例患者术后CT增强复查,均显示栓塞的曲张静脉仍完全闭塞,其中3例可见静脉侧支形成。28例患者,随访3~26个月,平均(9.9±6.7)个月,再出血5例(17.9%)。结论应用NBCA栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张,安全可行,止血效果肯定;但对有较大的胃肾分流者,逆行球囊阻塞分流道是必要的,可防止肺栓塞发生。     

经颈静脉肝内门体内支架分流术的临床报告

本文报告对5例肝硬化门脉高压患者实施了经颈静脉肝内门体分流水（TIPS），其中2例同时进行了胃左静脉硬化剂栓塞术。支撑器均采用Wallstent。门静脉压力从术前3．90±0．067KPa降至术后的2.36±0.359KPa。术后1个月食管钡餐随访，食管静脉曲张均较术前改善。1例术后5周出现肝性脑病症状，1例木后6周复发消化道出血，8周后因肝性脑病死亡。笔者对适应症、并发症及利用双相DSA机解决术中门静脉定位穿刺和支架放置等问题进行了探讨。认为肝硬化程度和穿刺角度影响wallstent自展状态。     

1例采用覆膜支架行TIPS治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的观察及护理

正经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemie shunt,TIPS)是指经颈内静脉在肝静脉与门静脉之间穿刺建立分流通道以达到降低门静脉压力,减少或控制食管胃底静脉曲张出血及顽固性腹水的一种微创治疗方法[1]。TIPS在治疗肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血、顽固性腹腔积液和部分肝肾综合征方面有良好的疗效[2]。现将1例采用覆膜支架行     

彩色多普勒超声在限制性经颈静脉肝内门体分流术联合食管胃底曲张静脉组织胶栓塞术中的应用

目的彩色多普勒超声评价限制性经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)联合食管胃底曲张静脉组织胶栓塞手术(SEVE)前后门静脉及分流道血流动力学特征。方法 51例行TIPS联合SEVE患者,于术前及术后1周,1、6、12个月,超声测量门静脉内径和最大血流速度,观察门静脉主干及左右分支内血流方向和门静脉有无血栓,术后超声测量分流道支架内径和最大血流速度,观察有无血流及血流方向。结果 51例患者术后随访期间无一例死亡,生存率为100%;发生肝性脑病4例,发生率为8%;再出血8例,发生率为16%;支架狭窄及闭塞各2例,总发生率为8%。门静脉内径术前至术后12个月变化差异无统计学意义。门静脉血流速度术后1周,1、6、12个月较术前增大(P0.001);术后6、12个月均较术后1周,1个月减小(P0.05)。37例门静脉分支内可见反流,占73%。术后6、12个月支架内血流速度较术后1周,1个月下降(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声已成为术前检查及术后随访的首选方法,术后门静脉和支架血流速度呈缓慢下降。     

双源CT在经颈静脉门腔分流术后随访中的应用

目的 观察双源CT在经颈静脉肝内门-体分流术(TIPS)后随访中的应用价值。方法 对28例肝硬化门静脉高压合并上消化道出血或大量腹腔积液接受TIPS的患者,于术后1个月内、3个月内、6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月进行双源CT复查,采用MIP、VR等图像后处理技术,判断肝静脉及门静脉间支架位置通畅情况。结果 28例患者中,3例(10.71%)支架内血栓形成,MIP示支架处低密度灶,对比剂自狭窄处流过,VR示支架位置、角度满意,及时行球囊扩张溶栓治疗;1例(3.57%)支架冗长、成角,再次植入支架;24例(85.71%)TIPS术后未出现分流道狭窄或血栓,MIP成像显示支架通畅,内见对比剂通过,VR显示支架位置、角度满意。结论 双源CT血管成像技术具有安全、无创、准确的优点,且同时能对肝实质进行观察,可作为TIPS术后的首选随访手段。     

常规超声检查联合剪切波弹性成像技术在经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术中的应用价值

<正>肝硬化门静脉高压时临床主要表现为食管胃底静脉曲张出血、腹腔积液、肝性脑病等,其中食管胃底静脉曲张出血病死率最高[1]。经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)是降低肝硬化患者门静脉压力的有效方法[2],而维持手术疗效的关键是保持支架通畅。TIPS支架功能障碍的发生率为18%~78%[3-4]。TIPS术后随访中,早期、准确判断支架功     

颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压并门静脉广泛栓子后消化道出血三例

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗门静脉高压并门静脉内栓子广泛形成后消化道出血的治疗效果。方法3例急性上消化道出血患者,均经CT明确诊断为门静脉、肠系膜上静脉内（含1例脾静脉内栓子形成）广泛栓子形成,行TIPS止血治疗,将支架放置于造影所见栓子的远端。结果TIPS治疗后,随访4～6周3例患者均未再发生出血,不适症状消失。结论TIPS治疗门静脉高压并门静脉内广泛栓子形成后消化道出血,安全可行,疗效可靠,值得推广。     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) implantation is an intervention to reduce elevated portal pressure by implantation of a stent shunt between hepatic and portal vein by transjugular approach. Elevated portal pressure is mostly caused by cirrhosis of the liver but Budd-Chiari-syndrome, venoocclusive disease, and portal vein thrombosis can also be responsible. The main indications for TIPS implantation are intractable variceal hemorrhage, prophylaxis for recurrent variceal bleeding after failure of endoscopic prophylaxis, and prophylaxis for recurrent variceal bleeding from gastric varices in the fundus. New data show that treatment of refractory ascites using TIPS implantation also leads to improved patient survival. Primary bleeding prophylaxis is not an indication for TIPS implantation. Absolute contraindications are progressive liver failure, decompensation of the right ventricle, pulmonary hypertension, and higher degree hepatic encephalopathy. The main problems after TIPS implantation are a high rate of restenosis, which frequently requires reintervention with TIPS dilatation or reimplantation, and undesirable side effects in patients after TIPS implantation for indications without proven benefit. Due to a number of prospective randomized controlled trials, the indications and contraindications for TIPS are now well defined, thus leading to a reduction of side effects and a more precise use of this important therapeutic modality for portal hypertension.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术与内镜治疗预防食管胃底静脉曲张出血的效果

目的  分析经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）与内镜治疗对食管胃底静脉曲张出血（EGVB）的预防效果,为肝硬化患者早期合理选择治疗方案提供参考依据。 方法  回顾性分析2018年1月~2020年2月于遂宁市中心医院接受一级预防的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张的89例患者,根据手术方式不同将患者分为两组,其中进行内镜下套扎治疗（EVL）者纳入EVL组（n=43）,进行TIPS治疗者纳入TIPS组（n=46）,比较两组静脉曲张改善效果,治疗前后门静脉内径、肝功能变化以及治疗后患者EGVB、并发症和死亡发生情况。结果TIPS组和EVL组静脉曲张改善有效率分别为90.70%和86.96%,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;两组治疗后肝功能Child-Pugh分级及评分差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,TIPS组术后门体循环压力差降低（P < 0.05）,且治疗后3、6、12、24月时门静脉内径门静脉内径低于EVL组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;两组治疗后EGVB发生率分别为32.56%和17.39%（P > 0.05）,其中TIPS组远期出血（治疗3月后）发生率低于EVL组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;两组术后并发症发生率、死亡率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论  早期TIPS和EVL用于肝硬化患者一级预防均可有效改食管胃底善静脉曲张,有利于降低EGVB发生风险,且TIPS在降低门静脉压力和远期出血发生率方面较EVL具有一定优势。     

Endoscopic variceal ligation plus propranolol vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt: a long-term randomized trial

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: After a first variceal bleeding episode in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) plus propranolol were compared, with regard to prevention of variceal rebleeding, complications, and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 85 patients were randomly allocated to receive TIPS (n = 43) or EVL (n = 42). The groups were comparable regarding age, sex, etiology of liver cirrhosis, and liver function. RESULTS: The mean observation times were 4.1 years in the TIPS group and 3.6 years in the EVL group. Although the probability of rebleeding was higher in the EVL group (29.9%) than in the TIPS group (19.4%), the difference was not statistically significant. Three of five patients of the EVL group successfully underwent TIPS placement after treatment failure. The probability of TIPS dysfunction requiring shunt revision was 89 %. Hepatic encephalopathy was observed more often in the TIPS group (40.5%) than in the EVL group (20.5%; P < 0.05). The probability of survival was similar in both groups (TIPS group 75.9%, EVL group 82.2%; n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: In view of its good efficacy and the lower cost of treatment, endoscopic ligation plus propranolol may be recommended as initial procedure for prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage, whereas TIPS seems to be the preferable procedure in patients with recurrent bleeding after adequate endoscopic and pharmacological treatment.     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a recently developed radiologic technique that is useful in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and ascites. A TIPS is an accepted interventional procedure indicated for the select group of patients who either have variceal bleeding that does not respond to sclerotherapy, variceal banding, pharmacologic means, or who have intractable ascites. In this article, the procedure, along with the pre- and post-procedural nursing care, is described.     

Doppler ultrasound for TIPS: does it work?

The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of complications of portal hypertension such as variceal hemorrhage and ascites is well established. However, TIPS has a limited patency due to dysfunction consisting in occlusion stenosis of the intrahepatic tract or stenosis of the outflow hepatic vein. Timing of dysfunction cannot be predicted, so routine surveillance and percutaneous intervention are continuously required to maintain TIPS patency. Trans-shunt venography is the gold standard technique in TIPS evaluation, but it is expensive and invasive. Doppler ultrasound (DU) has been the most commonly used noninvasive tool in TIPS patency. Despite many reported series, its role remains controversial. After more than 10 years of experience with TIPS, we followed our patients with DU and trans-shunt venography to establish Doppler criteria of dysfunction and its accuracy in assessing shunt dysfunction.     

Traitement des complications de l’hypertension portale par TIPS en 2016

Portal hypertension (PHT) is defined by an increase of the pressure gradient between the sus-hepatic vena and the portal vein. PHT is most often due to liver cirrhosis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a percutaneously created low-resistance channel between the portal and the hepatic veins. The goal of TIPS is to reduce portal pressure by shunting blood from the portal to the systemic circulation, bypassing the liver. TIPS could permit to treat severe portal hypertension-related complication such as esophageal or gastric varices bleeding. TIPS is currently indicated as the salvage therapy in patients with bleeding esophageal varices who failed to respond to standard treatment. More recently, applying TIPS early has been shown to be an effective treatment to control bleeding and decrease mortality in patients with severe cirrhosis. TIPS is also recommended as the second-line treatment for secondary prophylaxis. TIPS is a promising treatment for refractory ascites or hepatic hydrothorax. TIPS should be considered in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. However, the role of TIPS in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome is not well defined.     

内镜下套扎联合药物治疗对肝硬化上消化道出血患者hs-CRP水平、肝功能的影响

目的 分析内镜下套扎联合药物治疗对肝硬化上消化道出血患者hs-CRP水平、肝功能的影响.方法 选取本院2017年6月至2020年8月收治且经临床确诊的100例肝硬化上消化道出血患者作为研究对象.根据不同的治疗方法分为联合组(n=52例,内镜下套扎联合奥美拉唑钠治疗)与单一组(n=48例,内镜下套扎治疗),比较两组围手术...     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in Vienna – A decade later

Implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for therapy of portal hypertension has been available in Vienna, Austria, since 1991. Ten years of experience with this technique led the Vienna TIPS Study Group to retrospectively analyse characteristics and outcome of all patients undergoing TIPS in Vienna between 1991 and 2001. Survival and subgroup analyses were performed using Mann Whitney U-tests, log-rank tests, Spearman's correlation and Kaplan-Meier analyses. A total of 523 patients underwent TIPS; 23 for acute variceal bleeding, 350 for prevention of variceal bleeding, and 109 for therapy of refractory ascites. Portal hypertension was caused by cirrhosis in 503 patients; 20 presented with other diseases. 253 patients died within the study period, median follow-up was 5.07 years, median survival 4.51 years. The 3-month, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 83%, 71%, 57%, and 49%, respectively. Etiology of cirrhosis had no effect on survival; patients with TIPS for refractory ascites had poorer survival rates than those undergoing TIPS for prevention of rebleeding. TIPS is a safe and effective therapy for patients with portal hypertension. The first decade of TIPS in Vienna has shown, in line with other publications, that good criteria for patient selection, effective post-interventional management, and close cooperation between internists, interventional radiologists and liver-transplant centers are the key for a good outcome.