Postgastrostomy deformity of the stomach

Temporary postoperative tube gastrostomy may produce permanent deformity of the stomach as visualized on an upper gastrointestinal series. Six cases were studied illustrating two configurations of the gastric deformity. These appear to be related to the location of the gastrostomy opening in the stomach. The findings were either anterior displacement of the gastric antrum with adherence to the anterior abdominal wall or acute angulation of the gastric body in a medial and anterior direction.     

Postgastrostomy tube deformity on upper GI series

Three cases are presented in which a focal concave deformity occurred along the greater curvature of the stomach on upper gastrointestinal (GI) series. These patients all had recent removal of a surgically placed gastrostomy tube from a similar location. This deformity appears to be related, at least in part, to invaginated gastric mucosa intentionally produced during surgical gastrostomy tube placement. This association and appearance should be noted as it may mimic other lesions.     

Barium studies in diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis

We report the findings on barium examinations from 20 patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Thickening of mucosal folds in the stomach (seven cases), small intestine (four patients), or both (two cases) was the most common finding. Nodular fold enlargement was present in the stomach in three cases and in the small intestine in four cases. One patient had discrete antral polyps. Multiple gastric erosions, to our knowledge not previously reported in eosinophilic gastroenteritis, were seen in two patients. Although the stomach and small bowel are most commonly affected, any portion of the gastrointestinal tract may be involved.     

Effects of Emetic and Cathartic Agents on the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Treatment of Toxic Ingestion

Abstract

Emetic drugs and saline cathartics produce direct or reflex changes in gastrointestinal motility. The changes in gastrointestinal smooth muscle function may be important in the rapid oral or rectal expulsion of gastrointestinal contents, effects which serve as a basis for emetic and cathartic drug use in the treatment of toxic ingestion. Because of difficulties in recording gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractile activity from the intact, unanesthetized animal or man, relatively few studies have attempted to characterize the changes in gastrointestinal motility preceding vomiting. Limited results from past studies and the results of more recent studies employing improved technology suggest that pharmacological activation of the emetic reflex is accompanied by characteristic movements of the stomach and small intestine. The gastric response consists of initial muscle relaxation and an expansion of gastric volume. The intestine responds with a contraction, which begins in the distal ileum and migrates orad over the entire small intestine immediately before active retching. The changes in gastric and intestinal motility may be initiated by structures in the central nervous system and may be an important component of the emetic reflex. This article urges more active research to characterize the gastrointestinal emetic response and to investigate more generally the therapeutic value of emesis in the treatment of toxic ingestion. Emphasis should be placed on the clinically important emetic drugs apomorphine and syrup of ipecac. Studies comparing the efficiency of removal of gastrointestinal contents, resultant blood levels of orally administered drugs with and without emesis, differences in the gastrointestinal emetic response between agents and the pharmacology of the gastrointestinal emetic response should be performed. Studies should also be conducted to determine the pharmacology of the emetic sensory receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and the intraluminal physical-chemical or gastrointestinal physiological factors influencing gastrointestinal emetic sensory receptor activation. The results would demonstrate the value of emesis in various poison cases and help establish criteria for use and selection of emetic drugs. No less experimental attention should be devoted to the cathartic drugs. There are no experimental studies which demonstrate unequivocally that when given alone saline cathartics reduce the extent of oral drug or poison absorption, or that saline cathartics enhance the antidotal effectiveness of activated charcoal. More studies should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of saline cathartics in limiting drug absorption, while considering their potential to alter the antidotal actions of activated charcoal through chemical means, or by alteration of gastrointestinal physiological function. New procedures to achieve gastrointestinal decontamination or enhance drug elimination should also be evaluated. Whole intestinal lavage with newly developed iso-osmotic solutions that neither induce absorption nor secretion may be of value. High-dose, repeated administration of activated charcoal during the postabsorptive phase of drug or poison ingestion may enhance elimination. Whole intestinal lavage with non-absorbable solutions containing activated charcoal may prove more effective than currently established protocols for saline cathartic drug use in the treatment of toxic ingestion.     

重症脑卒中患者胃肠道衰竭的预防性治疗对预后的影响

目的:探讨重症脑卒中患者胃肠道衰竭的发生率及预防性予以胃肠道保护治疗对预后的影响。方法:重症脑卒中患者328例随机分为2组;预防组154例,预防性予以抑酸、保护胃粘膜和胃肠动力药物治疗;对照组174例,在出现胃肠道衰竭时予以同样药物治疗。观察2组患者胃肠道衰竭、多脏器功能衰竭(MODS)的发生率和预后情况。结果:预防组患者胃肠道衰竭86例(55.84%),MODS 64例(41.56%),死亡19例(12.34%);对照组患者胃肠道衰竭112例(64.37%),MODS 95例(54.60%),死亡44例(25.29%)。2组胃肠道衰竭发生率无差别,但预防组MODS发生率和死亡率低于对照组。结论:重症脑卒中患者发生胃肠道衰竭机率高(60.37%),预防性治疗不能降低胃肠道衰竭的发生率,但可以降低MODS的发生率和死亡率。     

79例老年上消化道出血临床分析

目的 :探讨老年上消化道出血的原因和不同制酸剂对出血的治疗效果。方法 :对我院 1998年 1月至2 0 0 4年 6月共 79例老年上消化道出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男 4 5例 ,女 34例 ,年龄 6 0～ 85岁 ,平均 6 7 6岁 ,患者被随机分为两组分别接受洛赛克和法莫替丁治疗。统计治疗 3天的总有效率和引起出血的原发疾病百分比。结果 :引起出血的原发疾病中 ,胃、十二指肠溃疡 30例 (38 0 %) ,胃黏膜病变 2 8例 (35 4 %) ,门静脉高压症并发食管静脉曲张破裂出血 14例 (17 7%) ,上消化道肿瘤 5例 (6 3%) ,其他 2例 (2 5 %)。洛赛克组总有效率 95 2 %,法莫替丁组总有效率 78 4 %(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :老年上消化道出血主要由胃、十二指肠溃疡和胃黏膜病变引起。质子泵抑制剂洛赛克治疗老年上消化道出血疗效显著。     

Intentional cyanoacrylate ingestion: A rare cause of delayed gastric perforation requiring gastric wedge resection

Cyanoacrylate (LOCTITE® 401?) is a fast-acting adhesive available nationwide, with medical and household uses. Most cases of cyanoacrylate exposure are accidental and occur in children less than 5 years old. Various routes of exposure have been reported including the dermal, oral, ocular, otic, nasal, and urethral routes; however, very few result in serious complication and mortality. Although a few cases of airway obstruction related to cyanoacrylate ingestion have been reported, intentional cyanoacrylate ingestion-induced gastrointestinal tract injury has scarcely been reported. In addition, there have been no reports of serious complications following intentional cyanoacrylate ingestion requiring surgical intervention. Herein, we report a case of intentional ingestion of cyanoacrylate in a 70-year-old man who required gastric wedge resection due to delayed gastric perforation.     

十二指肠球部充盈缺损影像分析(附12例报告并文献复习)

目的：讨论十二指肠球部充盈缺损的诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：共１２例患者，均进行钡餐造影检查，其中６例进行ＣＴ检查。结果：分别对１２例球部充盈缺损的影像表现进行分析。其中包括球部异物２例；淋巴瘤２例；腺瘤４例；低分化腺癌、类癌、胃窦癌脱入球部、胃息肉脱入球部各１例。钡餐造影显示了１２个病变；ＣＴ检查的６例中，显示５个病变，其中１个漏诊因病变小于１０ｍｍ。结论：十二指肠球部充盈缺损少见，钡餐造影对发现球部病变的大小、形态及腔内结构有重要作用，ＣＴ在病灶的性质病灶周围情况，腔内外侵犯的程度及远处转移方面起着重要的辅助价值     

Ingested foreign material in mentally disturbed patients

Advances in endoscopic technology and its enthusiastic clinical application have resulted in the capability of retrieving most ingested foreign objects from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Although endoscopic removal of foreign bodies is generally safe, it is not always clearly indicated. Foreign bodies in the esophagus usually require prompt intervention. In contrast, objects are frequently retained in the gastric lumen for long periods without adverse consequences. Psychotic or demented patients are a major adult group at risk for foreign body ingestion. Because endoscopy in this group often carries additional risks, and since smooth objects are usually well tolerated in the stomach for long periods, we recommend a conservative approach in this circumstance.     

Repetitive Endoscopy and Continuous Alkaline Gastric Irrigation in a Case of Arsenic Poisoning

Background: The poor prognosis of patients with persistent gastrointestinal radio-opacities after oral arsenic poisoning supports efficient gastrointestinal decontamination as critical for survival. In a case of massive arsenic ingestion, we performed repetitive gastric endoscopy and a continuous alkaline irrigation of the stomach over several days.Case Report: A 41-year-old woman was admitted 4 hours after intentional ingestion of trivalent arsenic powder 5 g. The admission abdominal X-ray confirmed the presence of multiple gastric opacities. Initial treatment was gastric lavage with normal saline, dimercaprol chelation, and supportive therapy. Since gastric opacities persisted on the abdominal X-ray at 34 hours despite repeated gastric lavage, a gastroscopy was performed showing nonremovable agglomerates. In an attempt to achieve further gastric decontamination, we performed a continuous gastric alkaline irrigation. After 3 days of alkaline irrigation, the abdomen was normal on X-ray but the gastroscopy still showed arsenic concretions. Alkaline irrigation was continued for another 3 days until total disappearance of arsenic agglomerates at the gastroscopy. Admission urinary arsenic was 3663 μgmg/L. A total of 46.2-mg of inorganic arsenic, or less than 1% the ingested dose, was extracted from the stomach by this technique. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit 20 days after admission without sequelae.     

Gastric sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis of the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon even though involvement of the liver, spleen, and adenopathy are becoming recognizable entities on computed tomography (CT). Involvement of the stomach, the most common site of sarcoidosis of the gastrointestinal tract, is usually associated with pulmonary disease. The radiologic appearances of gastric involvement are variable. Positive biopsies may be obtained in a radiologically normal stomach. Ulceration resembling peptic ulcer disease may occur, and mucosal enlargement may be minor, diffusely nodular, or significant enough to mimic Menetrier disease. In its most dramatic form, a linitis plastica appearance resembling scirrhous carcinoma has been reported. Received: 10 October 1995/Accepted after revision: 31 January 1996     

Gastric involvement in abdominal wall hernias

Six cases of abdominal wall hernias involving the stomach are reported. Three of the hernias were incisional, 2 were epigastric, and 1 was umbilical. All the patients were middle-aged or elderly women. In 2 cases, the gastric herniation produced gastric outlet obstruction with resulting severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Radiographically, the abnormality involved deformity of the stomach with shortening in the frontal views. Lateral profile views were essential in demonstrating the cause of this deformity. In 5 cases, there was mesenteroaxial torsion of the herniated stomach so that the efferent limb of the hernia was superior to the afferent limb. Two of these were associated with obstruction which developed at the neck of the efferent limb.     

Nitric oxide concentration in the gas phase of the gastrointestinal tract in man

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in various aspects of physiological regulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, measurement of luminal NO concentrations is of interest for studying physiological and pathophysiological alterations in NO generation; however, at present, no reliable measurement techniques are available. Here we describe novel approaches for measurement of NO concentrations directly in the gas phase of the stomach and colon in healthy subjects and patients. Studies were conducted in young healthy volunteers ( n  = 13), intensive care patients ( n  = 8) and patients undergoing gastroscopy ( n  = 8) or colonoscopy ( n  = 8). NO concentrations were measured by chemolumininescence detection in air obtained through a nasogastric tube, after inflation into the stomach of a defined volume of air, or directly in the air suctioned from the endoscope. The mean NO concentration obtained from the stomach of healthy volunteers studied under baseline conditions was 18.0 ± 2.8 (SEM) p.p.m. Day-to-day reproducibility of NO measurements was high. Tube feeding with a nitrite- and nitrate-free feeding solution left gastric NO concentrations unchanged, but standardized bicycle exercise caused an ≈30% decrease in NO levels. NO concentrations in intensive care patients were ≈2 log cycles lower than in healthy volunteers. NO levels in the colon were similar to those in the stomach. We have described two readily applicable techniques for direct, uncontaminated measurement of NO concentrations in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Our finding of a striking reduction in gastric NO concentrations in intensive care patients requires further study.     

Crohn's disease with gastroduodenal involvement: Diagnostic approach

Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract characterizedby segmental and transmural involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Ileocolonic and colonic/anorectal is a most common and account for 40% of cases and involvement of small intestine is about 30%. Isolated involvement of stomach is an extremely unusual presentation of the disease accounting for less than 0.07% of all gastrointestinal CD. To date there are only a few documented case reports of adults with isolated gastric CD and no reports in the pediatric population. The diagnosis is difficult to establish in such cases with atypical presentation. In the absence of any other source of disease and in the presence of nonspecific upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histological findings, serological testing can play a vital role in the diagnosis of atypical CD. Recent studies have suggested that perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-Saccharomycescervisia antibody may be used as additional diagnostic tools. The effectiveness of infliximab in isolated gastric CD is limited to only a few case reports of adult patients and the long-term outcome is unknown.     

腔外型胃肠道间质瘤患者超声表现

目的 分析腔外型胃肠道间质瘤患者的超声表现,探讨超声检查对腔外型胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院行超声检查并经手术病理证实的27例腔外型胃肠道间质瘤患者29个病灶的超声声像图特征.其中25例患者肿瘤为单发,2例患者2个病灶.肿瘤来源分别为胃(16个,55.17%)、十二指肠(1个,3.45%)、小肠(5个,17.24%)、结肠(2个,6.89%)、胃肠外(5个,17.24%).结果 27例腔外型胃肠道间质瘤患者29个病灶中,20个病灶(69.0%)超声提示为胃肠道间质瘤,6个病灶(20.7%)超声仅提示肿瘤存在,3个病灶(10.3%)误诊为其他疾病.20个超声提示为胃肠道间质瘤的病灶中,13个病灶超声提示肿瘤来源于胃,其中11个与手术结果相符;4个病灶超声提示肿瘤来源于小肠,其中3个与手术结果相符;1个病灶超声提示肿瘤来源于十二指肠,与手术结果相符;2个病灶超声提示肿瘤来源于结肠,均与手术结果相符.本组27例胃肠道间质瘤患者29个病灶中,22个病灶超声表现为以实性为主散在大小不等的囊性无回声区的囊实性包块,体积较大,无假肾征;6个病灶表现为实性;1个病灶表现为囊实性以囊性为主.结论 超声检查简便、经济、可重复,可作为诊断腔外型胃肠道间质瘤的主要影像学方法.     

Isolated gastric Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract characterized by segmental and transmural involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Ileocolonic and colonic/anorectal is a most common and account for 40% of cases and involvement of small intestine in about 30%. The stomach is rarely the sole or predominant site of CD. To date there are only a few documented case reports of adults with isolated gastric CD and no reports in the pediatric population. Isolated stomach involvement is very unusual presentation accounting for less than 0.07% of all gastrointestinal CD. The diagnosis is difficult to establish in cases of atypical presentation as in isolated gastroduodenal disease. In the absence of any other source of disease and in the presence of nonspecific upper GI endoscopy and histological findings, serological testing can play a vital role in the diagnosis of atypical CD. Recent studies have suggested that perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-Saccharomycescervisia antibody may be used as additional diagnostic tools. The effectiveness of infliximab in isolated gastric CD is limited to only a few case reports of adult patients and the long-term outcome is unknown.     

Isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach

Crohn's disease can involve any portion of the digestive tract, but isolated gastric Crohn's disease is a rare entity. In the few previously reported cases, the inflammatory disorder has involved only a portion of the stomach. Herein we describe a patient with diffuse involvement of the entire stomach and an associated gastrosplenic fistula but no evidence of involvement elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, a patient with isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach will have the clinical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain and radiographic evidence of a small contracted stomach (or, occasionally, a huge dilated stomach). Because the condition may suggest the presence of a malignant lesion and biopsy specimens often reveal nonspecific inflammation, surgical resection is usually necessary for diagnosis of isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach.     

胃液胆汁返流与鼻胃管拔除时机的关系探讨

目的准确判断病人的胃肠道功能恢复状况 ,选择最佳的拔除胃管时机 ,提高拔管成功率。方法选择我院普通外科住院的粘连性肠梗阻、腹腔炎症所致的肠梗阻、肠道肿瘤所致的肠梗阻病人以及行胃肠手术而留置胃管的病人 1 0 0例 ,进行随机分组 ,5 0例为对照组 ,采用传统方法 ;5 0例为实验组 ,通过监测胃液常规的胆红素水平 ,了解胃液中胆汁返流的情况 ,来判断病人胃肠道功能的恢复情况 ,以决定拔除胃管的时机。结果实验组 :采用监测胃液中胆红素水平指标判断拔管时机 ,拔管成功率为 94 % ;对照组采用传统方法 ,拔管成功率为 80 % ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论胃液胆红素水平表达了胃肠功能的恢复状态 ,应用胃液常规检测病人胃液中胆红素水平 ,可以准确地判断肠梗阻病人和胃肠手术病人胃肠道通畅程度及功能恢复状况 ,确定拔管的最佳时机 ,提高拔管成功率 ,减轻病人的痛苦 ,降低治疗费用 ,提高护理质量 ,具有临床实用价值     

Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor in adults: a case report and literature review

Intussusception mostly occurs in childhood and is rare in adults. Although intussusception can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor is relatively uncommon in clinical practice. A PubMed search identified 24 published cases of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); however, it is possible that we missed other cases not included in PubMed. Here we report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST in an 85-year-old man. He came to the hospital because of recurrent black stools. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan indicated a mass in the gastric antrum, with slight enhancement in the arterial phase on enhanced CT scan. He was diagnosed with GIST. In addition, images indicated that the mass overlapped into the duodenum, and gastroduodenal intussusception was thus considered. Gastroscopy showed a huge mass in the gastric body. According to the gastroscopy and CT results, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor was considered. The patient underwent complete surgical removal, which revealed a mass originating from the gastric antrum and overlapping into the duodenum. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was intermediate-risk gastric GIST. The patient was followed up for 4 months without tumor recurrence.     

A modified sclerosing needle for the sclerotherapy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

A modified instrument that permits simultaneous endoscopic irrigation and sclerotherapy of a bleeding site in the gastrointestinal tract under direct visualisation is presented. To date, the system has been used in 12 patients. Five cases of grade III esophageal varices have been treated and in three cases of acute bleeding, definitive arrest of the bleeding was achieved. In seven cases of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting with gastric ulcer (n = 2 Forrest-Ia and n = 2 Forrest-Ib) and duodenal ulcer (n = 3 Forrest-Ib) bleeding was successfully stopped. The system is easy to handle, reliable in clinical practice, can be employed anywhere and the instrument is inexpensive.