职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

环境汞污染对居民行为功能的影响

本文采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合方法，对空气汞浓度不同的两区非职业性汞接触的农民进行了神经行为功能的测试。结果是：行为功能测试指标中的简单反应时、数字译码、数字广度等测试值两区均有极显著性差异。结果提示：长期生活在空气汞浓度为０．００１７ｍｇ／ｍ￣３以上的居民，其行为功能可受到明显的影响。因此，行为功能测试可作为汞污染区非汞作业人群健康监护的重要指标。     

铅接触者行为毒理评价方法的探讨

本文综合有关文献后提出包含12项神经行为测试组合,对44名铅冶炼厂接铅者进行自身对照的测试。还前后测试了血铅浓度、红细胞游离原卟啉、红细胞谷胱甘肽含量、精氨酸酶活性、外周血淋巴细胞多巴胺受体及~3H-5HT血小板摄取能力。结果铅接触者在未发现临床异常表现时,神经行为已出现改变。主要表现为记忆力、眼手协调性及手工操作速度明显下降,视能力也有一定影响。情感障碍主要表现为厌烦、易激动。接铅后各项实验室指标都有显著性改变。据多类判别分析及相关分析结果,我们认为神经行为测试指标组合简单反应时及心算作为铅中毒早期评价指标是可行的。自我感觉状态可作为参考指标。我们还试图解释铅吸收出现某些神经行为异常的原因。     

汞接触与神经行为功能关系的meta分析

目的：综合分析汞接触对神经行为功能改变的效应关系，取得敏感性行为指标。方法：采用meta分析对国内1994～2,003年发表的有关汞接触与神经行为关系的文献进行汇总、归纳和定量综合分析。结果：除目标追踪外，其余各项行为指标得分接触组与对照组差异显著，行为效应大小均大于0．2。结论：在神经行为测试中，数字译码、视觉保留、疲劳、数字跨度、紧张和反应速度是较敏感的指标。     

电镀作业工人神经行为功能变化

目的了解电镀作业工人神经行为功能的变化。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合(WHO-NCTB)对86名电镀作业工人进行测试,同时选择39名未接触其他神经毒物者为对照。结果接触与对照组在情感状态得分及行为功能分上差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论从事电镀作业工人早期神经系统功能受到不同程度损害,神经行为功能的改变可做为其早期受损指标之一。     

计算机化神经行为测试组合的表达与参数设定

经过 4 0多年各国研究者的不断努力 ,神经行为测试组合已在环境和职业医学领域广泛应用。同传统的神经行为测试项目一样 ,计算机化神经行为测试也是用于早期亚临床症状的检测 ,使接触者能及时脱离接触 ,避免发展为器质性损伤 ,达到健康监护的目的。1　计算机化神经行为测试的发展2 0世纪 80年代中期 ,Ｂａｋｅｒ与Ｌｅｔｚ等人建立了第 1套计算机化神经行为评价系统 (ＮＥＳ) [1] ,此后 ,各国研究者陆续编制出若干套测试组合[2 ] 。例如 :广泛应用于现场流行病学调查和实验室研究的ＮＥＳ 2 (神经行为评价系统第 2版 )、ＳＰＥＳ (瑞典行为…     

影响WHO神经行为核心测试组合的主要因素

目的研究影响ＷＨＯ神经行为核心测试组合的主要因素。方法随机选择无职业有害因素接触史的５５４名健康者,严格按ＷＨＯ规定的测试方法、顺序及分组进行神经行为测试。结果受试者的年龄主要影响涉及手部操作、手部运动速度及精确性的一些行为指标;文化水平对反映短期记忆的行为指标有明显干扰;而性别对ＷＨＯ神经行为核心测试组合的参数影响不大。结论在现场作行为测试时,应平衡各种影响因素的干扰,才能得出合理的结论     

接触石油油气工人神经行为功能的研究

作者旨在研究石油油气对接触工人神经行为功能的影响 ,为保护作业者的健康、及早发现不可逆损伤及制订安全浓度提供依据。采用 WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合 (NCTB)方法对 2 0 9名石油油气接触者和2 13名对照者进行神经行为功能的研究。结果显示接触者的情感状态、反应时间、数字跨度、数字译码、手敏捷度、视觉记忆保留均有改变 ;接触组随着工龄的延长 ,消极情绪得分增加、反应速度减慢、听记忆能力和注意力下降。提示 :混合烷烃类对接触者的神经行为功能有一定影响 ,有些指标存在接触水平—效应关系。     

铅接触者行为功能在铅中毒诊断中的价值

目的 研究铅接触者神经行为功能在铅中毒诊断中的价值。方法 对115名铅作业工人神经行为功能进行测试,<50分为不良,≥50分者为正常;同时对铅的接触指标及效应指标进行了测定。结果 神经行为功能分值最低分值为35.7分,最高为68.2分,并随血铅、尿铅、尿ALA(δ-氨基酮戊酸)的含量发生变化。结论 神经行为功能与铅接触的早期神经系统的影响存在着内在联系。     

混苯对职业人群神经行为功能的影响

混苯（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）在工业用途上日益广泛，对人群健康影响早已熟知。为了进一步探讨混苯对人群神经行为功能损害的早期敏感指标，本文应用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为功能核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）对三个厂６９名混苯接触者和３１名无毒物接触史的工人进行神经行为功能的...     

Neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects associated with exposure to low doses of mercury from habitual consumption of marine fish

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects possibly associated with increased dietary intake of organic mercury (Hg), a group of 22 subjects living on the island of Carloforte (south-west Sardinia) was examined, who were regular consumers of tuna fish with relatively high Hg content. This group, never exposed occupationally to either Hg or to other neurotoxic substances, was compared with 22 age-matched controls employed at a chemical plant in Portotorres (northern Sardinia). METHODS: Hg in urine (HgU) and serum prolactin (PRL) were measured in all cases, whereas measurements of total (HgB) and organic blood mercury were available only for 10 subjects from Carloforte and 6 controls. Data about working history and lifestyle (education, smoking habit, alcohol and sea fish consumption) were collected by an interviewer using a standardised questionnaire. Neurotoxic symptoms were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire, whereas a test battery, including some computerised tests of the Swedish Performance Evaluation System (SPES) to assess vigilance and psychomotor performance, some tests on motor coordination (Luria-Nebraska and Branches Alternate Movement Task) and one memory test for numbers (Digit Span) was administered to assess neurobehavioral changes associated with exposure to dietary intake of organic mercury. In all cases, characteristics of hand tremor were evaluated by the CATSYS System 7.0. RESULTS: HgU values were significantly higher in the Carloforte group (median 6.5, range 1.8-21.5 micrograms/g creatinine) compared with controls (median 1.5, range 0.5-5.3 micrograms/g creatinine). Serum PRL was significantly higher among subjects from Carloforte and correlated with both urine and blood Hg levels. The scores of each item of the questionnaire investigating neurological symptoms were not statistically different in the two groups. In some tests of the SPES battery (Color Word Vigilance, Digit Symbol and Finger Tapping) the performance of the Carloforte group was significantly worse than that of controls, whereas in the other neurobehavioral tests poorer performances by the Carloforte group were not statistically significant. None of the tremor parameters was significantly different comparing the two groups. Multivariate analysis--controlling for education level and other covariates--carried out for the Symbol-Digit Reaction Time and for the Branches Alternate Movement Task (BAMT) showed that organic Hg concentration in blood was the most significant factor negatively affecting individual performance in these tests. Serum PRL was correlated with some neurobehavioral tests (Digit Symbol, Finger Tapping and BAMT). CONCLUSIONS: Some of the neurobehavioral tests were sensitive enough to discriminate groups with different Hg body burden, even in the low-dose range. However, the pattern of results suggests adverse neurobehavioral effects, especially on psycho-motor coordination, with a significant dose-effect relationship, mostly associated with long-term exposure to low levels of organic mercury due to the usual consumption of large fish with relatively high levels of Hg in the flash.     

噪声对工人神经行为功能的影响

本文采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心测验组合对９３名噪声作业工人进行测定，发现在八小时等连续Ａ声级８２ｄＢ噪声强度下，工人已经出现了情感状态特征改变，反应速度减慢，听，记忆和视觉感知能力下降，在进行多因素分析时，情感状态特性的改变与接触噪声密切相关，而与性别，年龄，工龄，吸烟，文化程度等温杂因素无关，结果提示，神经行为功能测试在噪声对机体影响方面，可作为早期评介指标。     

锰铁冶炼工人的神经行为改变

本文采用WHO推荐的“神经行为核心测验组合”对61名锰铁冶炼工人及其对照组进行了神经行为功能测定。结果发现,锰铁冶炼工人由于受锰烟等的影响,即使在临床体检、脑电图、尿锰水平均正常的情况下,神经行为功能已出现改变。在扣除年龄及受教育程度对行为功能影响的前提下,其短时视记忆力,手工操作敏捷度,感如运动速度,手运动的速度,反应速度及注意力均明显下降。不少行为指标间具有相关性,显示了行为功能的内在联系。结果提示,行为功能测定在慢性锰中毒早期诊断方面,可提供定量的评价指标。     

低浓度汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

目的了解低浓度汞接触对不同性别机体行为功能影响的差异,为制订有效的防护策略提供依据。方法选择汞作业工人６６人（其中女性４３人）为接触组,另选无汞接触史的健康者８６人（其中女性４０人）为对照组,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心方法作功能测试。结果女性在注意力及反映速度、听记忆、感知－运动速度等方面受汞的影响较男性敏感,而男性在视感知方面易受损。结论在劳动保护方面应男女各有侧重,尤其应注意接汞女工的健康监护。     

无铅汽油对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢产物的影响

目的 探讨职业性无铅汽油接触以对神经功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响。方法 应用WHO推荐的神经行为检测组合（NCTB）对92名汽油作业工人和88名对照工人进行神经行为测试,同时用高效液相色谱法－电化学法联检测定其尿中高香草酸（HVA）和香草扁桃酸（VMA）的浓度。结果 接触组明显存在忧郁－沮丧的不良情绪状态,简单反应时慢于对照组,数字跨度、提转捷度、数字译码和目标追中学踪得分明显低于对照组,且行为功能得分随浓度的增高而降低;汽油接触工人尿中HVA和VMA浓度均降低。结论 提示职业性低浓度接触无铅汽油油可影响神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢。     

电焊烟尘对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

用世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试方法对７２名电焊工人的神经行为功能进行了测试。结果表明，其作业点锰浓度为１．０３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３和１６．５３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，明显高于对照点。电焊工人神经行为功能已发生明显改变，简单反应时，手敏捷度，数字跨度和数字译码测试明显差于对照组；并且表现易紧张，疲劳，情绪不稳定和精神抑郁等。     

Neurobehavioral changes of shipyard painters exposed to mixed organic solvents

This study was conducted to evaluate neurobehavioral changes arising from occupational exposure to organic solvents among shipyard painters and to establish whether a dose-effect relation existed where there was any observed impairment of neurobehavioral performance by running the test of Simple Reaction Time (SRT), Symbol Digit Substitution (SD), and Finger Tapping Speed (FT) with a computer-assisted neurobehavioral test battery. The study group consisted of 180 shipyard painters and 60 reference workers. The workers answered a self-administered questionnaire on occupational, medical history, and demographic characteristics including age, work duration, education level, and quantity and frequency of alcohol and smoking, and performed three psychometric tests on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral tests. To estimate cumulative exposure level, samples of ambient air on 61 painters were analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Shipyard painters and the reference group showed significant differences in the results of test of SD, FT of dominant hand, and FT of non-dominant hand. The test results of SD of shipyard painters also showed significant difference by duration of work. This suggests that occupational exposure of organic solvent could induce neurobehavioral changes in the shipyard painters. Therefore an objective neurobehavioral tests recommended on evaluating neurobehavioral performance of long-term solvent-exposed shipyard workers.     

Neuropsychological and stress evaluation of a residential mercury exposure

Residents of a former factory building converted to apartments were exposed to mercury over a 2-year period. The neurobehavioral and emotional health effects of this exposure and subsequent evacuation are presented. Urine mercury levels were measured before (urine1) and 3-10 weeks after evacuation (urine2) of the building, when neurobehavioral and psychological measures were also completed. Performance on neurobehavioral and psychologic measures were compared between subjects above and below the median for urine1 (>=19 microg/g creatinine) and were correlated with urine1 mercury levels. The high urine mercury group made more errors on a test of fine motor function and 84% of the residents reported clinically significant elevations in somatic and psychologic symptoms. Although subclinical tremor from mercury exposure may have affected subtle hand-eye coordination, other tests of motor function were not affected. Therefore, the observation of reduced hand-eye coordination may be due to chance. Significant levels of psychosocial stress were more closely associated with the evacuation necessitated by mercury exposure rather than a direct effect of mercury exposure.