尺动脉腕背支第5掌骨骨膜瓣修复三角纤维软骨的解剖基础

目的：为三角纤维软骨修复提供新的手术方法。方法．在40侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本上，解剖观测尺动脉腕背支的走行、分支及分布。结果：尺动脉腕背支在豌豆骨近侧3．9cm处起于尺动脉，分为升支和降支。其中降支为腕背支的延续，大多数(70％)沿第5掌骨尺侧缘径直下行达第5掌骨头、体交界处与小指动脉尺侧支相吻合；少数(30％)降支至豌豆骨附近变为纤细，由小指动脉尺侧支上行与之吻合。降支或小指动脉尺侧支循第5掌骨头尺侧走行时发1～3支、外径0．3～0．7mm骨膜支，分布于第5掌骨背内面骨膜。结论：可以尺动脉腕背支降支为蒂设计第5掌骨骨膜瓣转位修复三角纤维软骨的新术式。     

以骨间返血管为蒂尺骨上端骨膜骨瓣的应用解剖

解剖观察了40侧上肢标本和60侧干燥尺骨标本。尺骨上端由骨间返动脉和尺侧后返动脉分支分布.其中骨间返动脉恒定走行于尺、桡骨上端之间,发丰富的骨膜支至尺骨上端桡侧,动脉长5.7cm,外径1.1mm,可以此血管为蒂形成尺骨上端骨膜骨瓣移位修复邻近的骨缺损、骨不连。     

带蒂筋膜瓣和骨膜瓣肘关节成形术的应用解剖

目的：为肘关节成形术填充物的选用提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０侧经动脉灌注颜料的上肢标本上,解剖观测了臂内、外侧筋膜,前臂后筋膜和尺、桡骨前部骨膜的血管来源、分支分布;血管蒂长度及筋膜瓣、骨膜瓣的切取面积等。结果：观测了以尺、桡侧返动脉为蒂的臂内、外侧筋膜瓣;以骨间后动脉为蒂的前臂后筋膜瓣;以骨间前动脉为蒂的尺、桡骨前部骨膜瓣。这些瓣膜的血管蒂长,血供丰富,可取面积大,质地坚韧致密。结论：上述带血管蒂的筋膜瓣和骨膜瓣可作为肘关节成形术的填充物,讨论了临床应用解剖学要点     

骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连的临床应用

报道用骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连、骨坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法：根据应用解剖学研究，设计以骨间前动脉腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣，顺行移位修复尺、桡骨骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨、月骨不连与骨坏死。结果：临床应用19例，随访1年，在术后3～6月均达到骨愈合和骨坏死修复，关节活动功能明显改善。结论：骨间前血管腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣移位术适合邻近骨不连、骨坏死修复。     

前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂复合瓣的应用解剖

目的:为前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂复合瓣设计提供解剖学基础。方法:30侧动脉灌注红色乳胶成人上肢标本,解剖观测前臂后皮神经营养血管的来源、分支、吻合及其与尺、桡骨膜血管的关系。结果:前臂后皮神经营养血管来自:桡侧副动脉皮支2～6支,外径(0.6±0.3) mm;骨间后动脉皮支6～9支,外径(0.7±0.3) mm;骨间前动脉腕背支皮支3~5支,外径(0.8±0.2) mm;尺、桡动脉腕背支皮支2~6支,外径(0.6±0.1) mm。尺骨中上段骨膜血管来自骨间后动脉的肌骨膜支6～8支,外径0.3～1.0 mm;骨间后动脉桡侧骨皮支与桡骨中段裸区骨膜血管吻合。上述支发出皮支、筋膜支、骨膜支和神经营养血管,形成皮神经干血管链以及深、浅筋膜和骨膜血管网。结论:前臂后皮神经营养血管与肌、骨、皮营养血管同源,其远端蒂复合瓣,旋转轴点在腕关节平面,适宜手背远处的组织缺损修复。     

尺侧返血管背侧支尺骨上段骨膜瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的 :为治疗肱骨干骨不连提供一种新的骨膜瓣供区。方法 :在 3 0侧成人上肢标本上解剖观察了尺侧返血管的起始、走行、分支、分布及其与尺侧下副动脉的吻合关系。结果 :尺侧返动脉始于尺动脉上段 ,距肱骨内上髁 (5 .3± 1.0 )cm ,外径 (1.9± 0 .3 )mm ,分出掌侧支和背侧支。背侧支位于尺神经深面 ,沿尺神经沟上行 ,沿途分出 4～ 8支外径在 0 .3～ 1.0mm的骨膜支 ,分布尺骨上段内侧骨面。结论 :以尺侧返血管背侧支为蒂的骨膜瓣逆行移位可修复肱骨中、下段骨不连。     

尺动脉腕背支手背尺侧逆行皮瓣的解剖学基础

目的：为手背尺侧逆行皮瓣转位术提供解剖学基础。方法：40侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本，解剖观察尺动脉腕背支的起始、走行、分支分布以及远端吻合情况。结果：腕背支于腕豆骨上3．9±1．2cm始于尺动脉，外径13±0．2mm，分出升支、降支。降支为腕背支的延续，经第五掌骨尺侧缘直达掌骨头颈处与小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支相吻合占70％；降支至腕豆骨附近变为纤细，由小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支上行与之吻合占30％，吻合径0．5±0.1mm。结论：尺动脉腕背支降支为蒂手背尺侧逆行皮瓣，腕豆骨下5cm为皮瓣旋转点。可用于手背及邻指组织缺损修复，并可制成带神经、肌腱和骨片的复合瓣。     

带骨间前血管蒂尺骨远侧段骨（膜）瓣移位的应用解剖

在３０侧成人上肢标本上，解剖观测了骨间前血管。重点观察了骨间前动脉旋前方肌复盖段至尺骨的分支分布。骨间前动脉贴骨膜前面下行，至旋前方肌深面，分为主支和穿支。骨间前动脉至旋前方肌复盖段尸骨的分支，可以发自骨间前动脉本干，骨间前动脉主支和穿支。根据解剖观测结果，设计了带骨间前血管蒂尺骨远段骨（膜）瓣，用以修复肱骨下段，尺桡骨缺损和骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨和月骨。     

带监测皮岛的胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣设计的显微解剖学研究

目的 为胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣临床应用提供解剖学基础.方法 在18侧成人下肢标本上解剖观测了胫骨外侧骨膜血管来源、走行、分支分布及吻合情况.结果 (1)胫骨上段有胫前返动脉骨膜支1-3支和胫前动脉骨膜支,分布于胫骨外侧髁前面及外侧面骨膜,中、下段为来自胫前动脉的肌骨膜支和直接骨膜支5～7支,分布于胫骨外侧骨膜.骨膜支蒂长(1.2±0.3)cm,外径(0.7±0.2)mm,伴行静脉两条.(2)胫前动脉骨膜支呈节段性分布,于胫骨前缘分出升支、降支和皮支.相邻升、降支彼此吻合成血管链,反复分支形成骨膜动脉网营养骨膜.皮支穿深筋膜入皮,供养小腿前外侧皮肤.结论 可设计以胫前动脉穿支为蒂的带监测皮岛的穿支骨膜瓣,通过吻合血管游离移植为治疗骨不连、骨缺损提供一种新术式.     

带血供肱骨下段内侧骨（膜）瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的：为带血供肱骨下段骨瓣移位术提供解剖学基础。方法：４０侧成人上肢标本，观测尺侧下副动脉、尺侧返动脉的起始、走行、分支分布、骨膜支和吻合。结果：尺侧下副动脉距髁间连线上３．７±１．７ｃｍ始于肱动脉，外径１．８±０．４ｍｍ，长１．８±０．７ｃｍ，骨膜支１～３支，外径０．８±０．４ｍｍ分布肱骨下段内侧半骨膜。尺侧返动脉前干外径１．１±０．２ｍｍ。尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉、尺侧返动脉在肱骨内上髁附近互相吻合。结论：利用上述血管吻合关系，设计带血供的肱骨（膜）瓣或骨皮瓣，可移位修复肱骨中上段、尺、桡骨中段骨折骨不连。临床应用已取得良好效果。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995