人源Fab抗体库的构建和抗hPRLR抗体的筛选鉴定

目的构建人源Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选抗hPRLR抗体片段并进行初步鉴定。方法从乳腺癌患者外周血提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增人抗体轻链和重链基因,构建抗hPRLR人源Fab抗体库。分别以His-hPRLR融合蛋白、BSA-hPRLR表位多肽融合蛋白和GST-hPRLR融合蛋白作为抗原包板,经过3轮循环的吸附-洗脱-扩增的筛选及1轮交叉筛选,挑单克隆用Phage-ELISA、DNA测序筛选阳性克隆,将筛选到的阳性克隆FabG2转化至Top10’受体菌,诱导表达可溶性Fab抗体,通过Western blot和ELISA进行特异性的鉴定。结果构建的人源Fab库容为1.0×109,4轮的筛选,获得6株能与hPRLR结合的人源抗体克隆。选取的FabG2能够进行可溶性Fab抗体蛋白的表达,ELISA初步鉴定,能够与hPRLR进行特异性地结合。结论成功构建了人源Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选并鉴定了1株抗hPRLR Fab抗体的克隆。hPRLR特异性Fab抗体的获得将为高表达hPRLR乳腺癌的生物免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗人β1-AR抗体克隆的筛选

目的构建人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库并筛选抗人β1-AR抗体克隆.方法通过RT-PCR从抗人β1-AR抗体阳性的扩张性心肌病(DCM)患者的外周血淋巴细胞中扩增出人IgG重链Fd段和κ、λ两轻链基因片段,将其克隆入噬粒pComb3中,构建人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库,并利用噬菌体表面显示技术,以人β1肾上腺素受体细胞外第二环26肽(β1-ARECⅡ)为抗原肽,对此抗体库进行淘筛富集.结果成功地构建了库容量为1.4×106的人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库,从此抗体库中筛选到了特异性抗人β1-AR Fab段噬菌体抗体阳性克隆.结论利用噬菌体抗体库技术可以获得表达抗人β1-AR抗体的重组克隆.     

人源性噬菌体抗体库的构建和抗CEA抗体的筛选及表达

目的构建人源性噬菌体抗体库,筛选和表达人源性抗癌胚抗原(CEA)单克隆抗体。方法从结肠癌患者肠系膜淋巴结中的淋巴细胞克隆出免疫球蛋白Fd段和κ链基因,建成噬菌体抗体库。用人CEA对抗体库进行筛选,将得到的阳性克隆进行表达及检测。结果抗体库库容为5．2×106,Fab基因重组率为30％。ELISA及Western blot分析检测,证实表达出人源抗CEA单克隆抗体。DNA序列测定,证实所获基因为人免疫球蛋白可变区基因。结论成功构建噬菌体抗体库,从中获得人源性抗CEA的单克隆抗体。     

抗人小细胞肺癌单抗2F7人-鼠嵌合Fab片段基因的构建和表达

目的：通过基因工程抗体改造获得具有与人小细胞肺癌有特异性反应的人－鼠嵌合抗体2F7 Fab片段，方法：采用RT－PCR技术从抗人小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体2F7杂交瘤中克隆该抗体的重，轻链可变区基因，将2F7单抗的重，轻链可变区基因装入带有人恒定区基因的表达载体pSW1-Fab中，构建得到pSW1-2F7 Fab，转化受体菌E.coil XL1-Blue,IPTG诱导表达，经Western blot和ELISA鉴定表达蛋白的活性。结果：从抗人小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体2F7杂交瘤中克隆获得了抗体重、轻链可变区基因，测序证实2F7单抗的重链（VH）可变区基因全长362bp，编码120个氨基酸，轻链（VL）可变区基因全长319bp，编码105个氨基酸，构建的2F7人－鼠嵌合Fab表达载体诱导后获得了目的蛋白的表达，主要分泌在菌液的上清中，表达量较高且稳定，具有与NCI－H128细胞特异性结合的活性。结论：构建和表达了抗人小细胞肺癌单抗2F7人－鼠嵌合Fab片段，表达产物具有与抗原结合的特异性，为进一步研究和应用打下了基础。     

大容量人源Fab噬菌体展示抗体库的构建及抗CD276抗体筛选

目的构建大容量人源Fab噬菌体库,筛选并鉴定抗CD276的特异性抗体。方法通过采集10位健康成人的外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增人Fab抗体基因片段,插入噬菌体载体pCANTAB5H中,构建人源Fab噬菌体抗体库。通过固相化的抗原对抗体库进行3轮筛选后,随机挑取96个单克隆进行phage-ELISA鉴定,筛选出与抗原具有较强结合性的噬菌体克隆。结果成功构建库容为5×1010的噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选到11株阳性克隆,对其进行测序鉴定,表明该11株克隆的序列均一致,ELISA证实其对抗原CD276具有较强的结合性。结论构建了大容量人源Fab抗体库,从中获得具有抗CD276的人源Fab抗体片段,为进一步的研究和应用提供实验基础。     

构建预设CDR3基因噬菌体抗体库筛选抗人整合素ανβ3 mAb的人源化Fab

目的:构建预设CDR3基因的噬菌体抗体库,通过抗原表位导向选择方法筛选抗人整合素ανβ3单克隆抗体(mAb)人源化Fab。方法:将鼠mAbLCDR3重组到人轻链可变区文库中并与人/鼠嵌合重链Fd基因配对构建杂合噬菌体抗体库,用固相人整合素ανβ3抗原筛选人源化轻链基因。再用所获人轻链基因与移植有鼠mAbHCDR3的人重链Fd基因配对构建人源噬菌体抗体库,筛选人源化Fab。结果:分别构建了库容为2.1×106和2×107的杂合噬菌体抗体库和人源噬菌体抗体库,筛选到3株人源Fab克隆。经间接ELISA及竞争抑制ELISA证实,能特异结合整合素ανβ3抗原,其中人源D5株Fab克隆的基因序列表明,人轻链可变区基因属VKIII亚群,人重链可变区基因属VH1亚群。结论:利用噬菌体抗体库技术,成功地进行了鼠抗人整合素ανβ3mAbE10人源化的改造,为进一步临床应用奠定了基础。     

HIV-1gp41核心结构模拟位的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选并鉴定HIV-1 gp4l核心表位。方法：用识别HIV-1 gp41的构象特异性单克隆抗体NC-1筛选噬菌体12肽库，通过夹心ELISA、NC-1特异性阻断实验、竞争抑制实验鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆，DNA序列分析阳性克隆。结果：经3轮筛选，随机挑取24个噬菌体克隆，ELISA鉴定表明有lO个克隆可与NC-1结合，DNA序列分析并推导氨基酸序列，共5种序列：HDVHHRWVYLLS、ITVNEWLYTSEQ、HGRSHGMFKPKR、MGPIARPHWHLN、DMYRSPRPKPDT。其中gp41N肽和C肽所形成的复合物可特异性阻断表达HDVHHRWVYLLS，VNEWLYTSEQ和MGPIARPHWHLN的克隆与NC-1的结合。结论：所得序列HDVHHRWVYLLS，VNEWLYTSEQ及MGPIARPHWHLN模拟HIV-1 gp41六螺旋束核心表位。     

人源抗呼吸道合胞病毒基因工程单克隆抗体Fab段基因的筛选和表达

目的采用噬菌体表面呈现和重组抗体技术构建人噬菌体抗体基因库，筛选获得人源抗呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）Fab段基因并在原核细胞中表达。为研制安全、有效的预防和治疗RSV感染的制剂奠定基础。方法从RSV感染患儿恢复期外周血淋巴细胞中提取细胞总RNA，用一组人IgGF出特异性引物，通过RT—PCR扩增得到一组轻链（κ和λ）和重链Fab段基因，并将此轻链和重链基因片段克隆于pComb3噬菌体载体，电转化XL1-Blu菌构建成抗RSV噬菌体抗体基因库。用纯化病毒颗粒作抗原对此抗体库进行了富集筛选，得到了特异性针对RSV的人源单克隆抗体Fab段基因，并在大肠杆菌中获得有效表达。用ELISA方法检测了此Fab抗体的抗原特异性，并对阳性克隆进行了基因序列分析。结果所构建的抗体库库容为108，从此抗体库中筛选得到的阳性克隆所表达的Fab抗体能与RSV纯化抗原特异性结合，保留了对RSV的抗原特异性。核苷酸序列分析证实，所获得的阳性克隆基因为人源IgG基因。结论本实验获得了特异性抗RSVFab抗体基因并在大肠杆菌中获得表达，表达产物能与RSV抗原特异性结合。     

HIV-1 膜蛋白基因片段杆状病毒转移载体克隆及重组体的构建

目的：构建编码HIV－1外膜糖蛋白的gp120和gp41基因杆状病毒转移载体，并在昆虫细胞中表达gp120和gp41重组蛋白。方法：从HIV－1基因克隆PNL4－3（NY5／LAV）中应用聚合链反应扩增目的基因gp120和gp41，克隆到PGEM－T载体中，限制性内切酶酶切、DNA序列分析鉴定目的基因，再经EcoRI和BamHI双酶切后定向克隆到杆状病毒转移载体PAC－SecG2T中，再次测序鉴定。通过在sf9昆虫细胞中同源重组、空斑筛选、病毒鉴定、SDS－PAGE、Western-blot对重组病毒和重组蛋白进行分析。结果：限制性内切酶酶切和DNA序列分析表明，gp120和gp41正确克隆到杆状病毒转移载体PACSecG2T中；SDS－PAGE和Eestern-blot结果表明在昆虫细胞中成功表达了HIV外膜糖蛋白gp120和gp41。结论：成功构建了PACSecG2T-gp120和PACSecG25-gp41杆状病毒转移载体，并在杆状病毒－昆虫细胞表达系统中表达了HIV－1 gp120和gp41重组蛋白，Western-blot证明具有较好的免疫原性。     

人源性抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb／IIIa Fab抗体的研制及其对血小板聚集功能的影响

目的：构建人源性抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb／IIIa（GPIIb／IIIa）Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选抗GPIIb／IIIa特异性的噬菌体抗体,并对其功能进行研究。方法：取血小板膜糖蛋白抗体（抗GPIIb／IIIa）阳性的特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者脾细胞,采用噬菌体抗体库技术构建人源性抗GPIIb／IIIa Fab噬菌体抗体库,以表达GPIIb／IIIa的CHO123细胞筛选抗体库,并以ELISA法检测噬菌体抗体;用Western blot对抗体进行鉴定,并测定其与血小板抗原的结合;观察筛选到Fab抗体对血小板聚集的影响。结果：筛选出2株能够与血小板膜GPIIb／IIIa特异性结合的Fab抗体,其序列与人免疫球蛋白轻、重链可变区序列具有高度同源性,表达纯化的Fab抗体能抑制血小板聚集。结论：成功地从人源性抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb／IIIa Fab抗体库筛选出特异性识别GPIIb／IIIa,具有抑制血小板聚集作用的人源性抗体。     

人源抗人免疫缺陷病毒1型噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的构建人免疫缺陷病毒１型（ＨＩＶ－１）特异性噬菌体抗体库，制备人源抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０单克隆抗体。方法以半巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）从ＨＩＶ－１感染者外周血单个核淋巴细胞中扩增抗体重链Ｆｄ和轻链（ｋ）基因，与噬菌体载体ｐＣｏｍｂ３连接，构建噬菌体抗体Ｆａｂ组合文库。对抗体库进行３轮吸附－洗脱－扩增的亲和选择后，以ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０噬菌体抗体，并进行ＤＮＡ序列分析和Ｆａｂ的可溶性表达。结果半巢式ＰＣＲ有效地扩增出Ｆｄ和ｋ基因，以此构建成容量为１９５×１０７的噬菌体抗体库。３轮亲和选择使特异性抗体得到高度富集，抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０噬菌体抗体阳性克隆占３２％。对一阳性克隆抗体基因ＣＨ１和ＣＬ部分ＤＮＡ序列进行了测定，并在大肠杆菌表达出可溶性Ｆａｂ。结论抗ＨＩＶ－１特异性噬菌体抗体库的构建和人源抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０单克隆抗体的制备为今后筛选抗ＨＩＶ中和抗体奠定了基础，具有重要的应用价值。     

Improvement in affinity and HIV-1 neutralization by somatic mutation in the heavy chain first complementarity-determining region of antibodies triggered by HIV-1 infection

We assessed the impact of somatic hypermutation in the framework region 1 (FR1) and complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) of three clonally-related heavy chains from the human monovalent antigen-binding fragments Fab S19, S8 and S20 on gp120 binding and HIV-1 neutralization capacity. Nucleotide changes were introduced in the heavy chains to revert single and multiple amino acid residues, and two Fab libraries were constructed with the same light chain to express equivalent amounts of parental and reverted phage Fab. We studied the contribution of each amino acid replacement to antigen binding by calculating the frequency of phage Fab retrieval after competitive library selection on gp120. Whereas mutations in FR1 had no effect on antigen binding, somatic replacements in the CDR1 of the heavy chain (HCDR1) appeared to produce significant changes. In S19 HCDR1, somatic mutation of residue 32 reduced gp120 binding. In Fab S20, the Arg(30) and Asp(31) somatically replaced residues in HCDR1 improved antigen binding. Both of these residues are necessary to increase Fab binding to gp120; reversion of either residue alone results in a decrease in binding. The impact of these two replacements was confirmed by the greater neutralization capacity of S20 compared to the other Fab. Molecular modeling of S20 HCDR1 suggests that Arg(30) and Asp(31) are the main interaction sites for gp120, increasing antibody affinity and promoting the enhanced neutralization ability of S20. These findings are consistent with a gp120-driven process, supporting a role for affinity maturation and intraclonal evolution of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies.     

Raji 细胞系特异性Fab噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的构建针对B细胞淋巴瘤Raji细胞系噬菌体抗体库并从中筛选出特异性的抗体。方法以Raji细胞免疫BALB/c小鼠,RT-PCR法从脾淋巴细胞中扩增抗体轻链к和重链Fd基因。经SacI/XbaI和XhoI/SpeI双酶切,依次克隆入噬菌体载体pComb3H-SS中,并电转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13进行超感染,构建B细胞淋巴瘤Raji细胞系特异性Fab噬菌体抗体库。以Raji细胞为抗原进行筛选,获得抗Raji细胞的抗体,通过ELISA法进行抗原结合活性的测定,并对所得阳性克隆进行基因测序分析。结果构建了容量为2.18×107的抗人B细胞淋巴瘤Raji细胞系的Fab噬菌体抗体库,并筛选获得了与Raji细胞系特异性识别结合的8株阳性克隆。对其中两个阳性克隆进行基因序列分析,结果显示其重链可变区、轻链可变区分别与免疫球蛋白基因库中已注册的鼠源性免疫球蛋白重链可变区和轻链可变区序列具有高度同源性。结论成功地构建Fab噬菌体抗体库并筛选出针对Raji细胞系膜抗原的抗体,为进一步研究B细胞淋巴瘤的免疫治疗提供了实验基础。     

人源性抗HER2胞外段Fab噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的:构建全人源抗HER2胞外段(HER2 ECD)噬菌体Fab抗体库,从中筛选出特异性的抗体,并对其进行鉴定。方法:体外致敏并用EB病毒(EBV)转化HER2高表达乳腺癌患者的外周血单核细胞(PBMC),用PCR分别扩增重链Fd和轻链κ/λ基因。经SacI/XbaI和XhoI/SpeI双酶切,依次克隆入噬菌体载体pComb3中,并电转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13进行超感染,构建抗HER2 ECD人源化Fab噬菌体抗体库。以纯化HER2 ECD蛋白为抗原进行3轮固相淘选,富集抗HER2 ECD的抗体,并随机挑选克隆进行ELISA,获得的阳性克隆进一步以Western blot鉴定其抗原结合活性,对其中活性最高的克隆进行DNA测序。结果:构建了容量为2.5×107的抗HER2 ECD的Fab噬菌体抗体库,并筛选获得了4株与HE2 ECD特异性结合的阳性克隆,Western blot分析显示其与HER2 ECD能较好的结合。选取结合活性最高的阳性克隆进行DNA序列分析,结果显示其重链可变区、轻链可变区分别与人胚系免疫球蛋白基因有高度的同源性。结论:成功构建了全人源抗HER2 ECD噬菌体抗体库,并筛选出抗HER2 ECD特异性较强的噬菌体克隆,为获得新的有临床应用价值的HER2 ECD抗体提供了实验基础。     

从噬菌体抗体库筛选获得中和性人源抗甲型肝炎病毒Fab抗体

目的 研究人源抗甲型肝炎病毒基因工程抗体,为预防甲型肝炎病毒感染提供有效的方法。方法 采用噬菌体表面展示技术,从一名甲型肝炎恢复期病人的抗凝血中分离淋巴细胞,提取总ＲＮＡ逆转录后,用一组人ＩｇＧ Ｆａｂ特异性引物扩增。结果 克隆和表达了８株人源抗甲型肝炎病毒抗体Ｆａｂ段基因,经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测为特异性人抗甲型肝炎病毒Ｆａｂ段抗体。结论 该８株人源抗甲型肝炎病毒Ｆａｂ抗体都能与具有中和活性的鼠抗甲型肝炎病毒单克隆抗体产生竞争抑制反应,选其中的２株做体外中和实验,证明都有中和甲型肝炎病毒的活性。     

Affinity maturation by targeted diversification of the CDR-H2 loop of a monoclonal Fab derived from a synthetic naïve human antibody library and directed against the internal trimeric coiled-coil of gp41 yields a set of Fabs with improved HIV-1 neutralization potency and breadth

Previously we reported a broadly HIV-1 neutralizing mini-antibody (Fab 3674) of modest potency that was derived from a human non-immune phage library by panning against the chimeric gp41-derived construct N_CCG-gp41. This construct presents the N-heptad repeat of the gp41 ectodomain as a stable, helical, disulfide-linked trimer that extends in helical phase from the six-helix bundle of gp41. In this paper, Fab 3674 was subjected to affinity maturation against the N_CCG-gp41 antigen by targeted diversification of the CDR-H2 loop to generate a panel of Fabs with diverse neutralization activity. Three affinity-matured Fabs selected for further study, Fabs 8060, 8066 and 8068, showed significant increases in both potency and breadth of neutralization against HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelopes of primary isolates from the standard subtype B and C HIV-1 reference panels. The parental Fab 3674 is 10-20-fold less potent in monovalent than bivalent format over the entire B and C panels of HIV-1 pseudotypes. Of note is that the improved neutralization activity of the affinity-matured Fabs relative to the parental Fab 3674 was, on average, significantly greater for the Fabs in monovalent than bivalent format. This suggests that the increased avidity of the Fabs for the target antigen in bivalent format can be partially offset by kinetic and/or steric advantages afforded by the smaller monovalent Fabs. Indeed, the best affinity-matured Fab (8066) in monovalent format (∼ 50 kDa) was comparable in HIV-1 neutralization potency to the parental Fab 3674 in bivalent format (∼ 120 kDa) across the subtype B and C reference panels.     

Epitope mapping and characterization of a novel CD4-induced human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing primary HIV-1 strains

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters target cells by binding its gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to CD4 and one of the chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies bind gp120 more efficiently after CD4 binding and block the interaction with the chemokine receptor. Examples of CD4i antibodies are limited, and the prototypes of the CD4i antibodies exhibit only weak neutralizing activity against primary, clinical HIV-1 isolates. Here we report the identification of a novel antibody, E51, that exhibits CD4-induced binding to gp120 and neutralizes primary HIV-1 more efficiently than the prototypic CD4i antibodies. The E51 antibody blocks the interaction of gp120-CD4 complexes with CCR5 and binds to a highly conserved, basic gp120 element composed of the beta 19-strand and surrounding structures. Thus, on primary HIV-1 isolates, this gp120 region, which has been previously implicated in chemokine receptor binding, is accessible to a subset of CD4i antibodies.     

Selection of a novel gp41-specific HIV-1 neutralizing human antibody by competitive antigen panning

The HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) is composed of two non-covalently associated subunits: gp120 and gp41. Panning of phage-displayed antibody libraries against Env-based antigens has resulted mostly in selection of anti-gp120 antibodies. Native gp41 in the absence of gp120 is unstable. The use of gp41 fragments as antigens has resulted in selection of antibodies with only relatively modest neutralizing activity. To enhance selection of antibodies specific for gp41 in the context of the whole Env we developed a methodology termed competitive antigen panning (CAP). Using CAP, we identified a novel gp41-specific human monoclonal antibody (hmAb), m48, from an immune library derived from long-term nonprogressors with high titers of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bcnAbs). Selection of m48 was only successful using CAP and not through the conventional pre-incubation methodology. In assays based on spreading infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) m48 neutralized a panel of HIV-1 primary isolates from different clades more potently than the well-characterized broadly cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies IgG1 4E10 and Fab Z13. These results may have implications for the selection of novel gp41-specific bcnAbs and other antibodies, and for the development of HIV-1 inhibitors and vaccine immunogens.