结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤

1　临床资料患者女性 ,35岁。发现左颈部肿块 10年 ,渐增大 ,曾在外院以结核治疗无效。临床检查 :左颈颌下多个淋巴结肿大 ,无疼痛、无压痛 ,较硬、略活动。血常规 :WBC 3 0× 10 9/L ,N 0 5 5 7,RBC 4 6 8× 10 12 /L ,Plt 115× 10 9/L。肝、脾无异常。2　病理检查送检肿块 6cm× 3 5cm× 2cm ,色灰白 ,质实并细腻 ;镜下为淋巴结组织 ,淋巴结结构大部分破坏 ,仅周围见边缘窦残存 ,淋巴结内见多个边缘模糊的结节 (图 1) ,结节内见大的瘤细胞和反应性增生的小淋巴细胞 ,伴有数量不等的组织细胞 ,而无嗜酸性粒细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞…     

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理诊断

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(nodular lymphocytepredominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma，NLPHL)是一独立特征性病变的肿瘤，其组织学形态和预后不同于经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma，CHL)。前者较少见，极易误诊。     

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤与经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤中p63表达及临床意义

目的探讨p63在结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma,NLPHL)和经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(classical Hodgkin lymphoma,CHL)中表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化Eli Vision法检测15例NLPHL和54例CHL中CD45、CD30、p63、PAX5、CD20、CD15、Oct-2、BOB1、MUM1、EMA、EBV-LMP1、Ki-67等表达,用原位杂交法检测12例CHL中EBER表达。结果 NLPHL中p63阳性率(53.3%,8/15)明显高于CHL组(0,0/54)(P<0.05)。结论p63蛋白表达常见于NLPHL,有助于NLPHL和CHL的鉴别诊断。     

免疫组织化学标记在鉴别结节性淋巴细胞为主型与富于淋巴细胞的经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤中的作用

霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）分为结节性淋巴细胞为主型（NLPHL）和经典型（CHL）,因两者具有不同的免疫表型与临床特点必须加以区别。其中,NLPHL与富于淋巴细胞的经典型HL（LRCHL）的鉴别较困难。B细胞特异性激活蛋白（BSAP）和BOB.1（B-cell oct-binding protein 1）是目前研究较多的两种B细胞特异性转录因子,已有学者指出在NLPHL中的L＆H细胞表达这两种蛋白。目前国内对EB病毒在这两种病变中的表达情况研究较少,     

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤

1.病例简介:患者男,70岁,偶然发现右腋下无痛性肿物3年,逐渐增大。于1997年10月24日入院。体检:右腋下肿物10cm×10cm×4cm,无触痛。质软,部分坚实,可活动。全身其余部位浅表淋巴结未扪及。肝脾肋下未及。实验室及影像学检查均未见异常。临床诊断:脂肪瘤。行肿物手术切除。2.病理检查:肉眼观察:灰红灰黄组织13·0cm×12·0cm×4·5cm,多结节状,切面灰红色,均质,质软。光镜观察:淋巴结结构破坏,低倍镜下可见多个大小不一深染模糊结节,边界不清,无生发中心(图1)。结节与结节之间较拥挤,有的结节较大,周围有少许纤维组织围绕,大多数结节间不见…     

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤伴少见免疫结构变异1例并文献复习

目的观察结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, NLPHL)伴少见免疫结构变异即富于T细胞/组织细胞大B细胞淋巴瘤(T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma, THRLBL)样转化的NLPHL的临床病理学特征,以提高对NLPHL免疫结构变异的认识、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例伴有THRLBL样转化的NLPHL的临床病理学特征及免疫表型。行EB病毒相关性和Ig/TCR基因克隆性检测,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,58岁,腹股沟区无痛性淋巴结肿大。腹股沟淋巴结活检组织学观察可见淋巴结结构破坏,低倍镜下见浅染区和深染区交替分布,以浅染区为主,两种区域均可见散在分布的异型大细胞。免疫表型:大细胞一致强表达全B细胞标记(CD20、PAX5)、不表达CD30;CD21显示深染区内不规则滤泡树突细胞网结构,而浅染区内缺如。此外,两种结构背景细胞组成也存在明显差异。深染区背景细胞富于小B细胞,并可见PD1阳性细胞围绕大细胞形成花环样结构;浅染区背景细胞则以小T细胞和组织细胞为主,小B细胞基本缺如,且PD1阳性细胞量及强度均显著下降。EB病毒原位杂交检测两种结构内均无阳性细胞,Ig和TCR基因重排检测均未发现克隆性重排。结论伴有THRLBL样转化的NLPHL具有特殊形态学和免疫结构特征,易被误诊为原发性THRLBL,了解NLPHL免疫结构变异并结合细致全面的组织学观察和免疫组化检测有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。     

免疫组织化学在淋巴瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用

免疫组织化学在淋巴瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用李甘地近年来，免疫组化技术有了长足的进步，如抗原恢复技术（ａｎｔｉｔｇｅｎｒｅｔｒｉｅｖａｌ，包括微波，高压锅处理等），ＬＳＡＢ法，以及新的单克隆抗体等等。加上原位杂交技术，ＰＣＲ技术等分子生物学技术在病理学...     

富于T细胞/组织细胞的B细胞淋巴瘤的诊断

目的：探讨富于T细胞／组织细胞B细胞淋巴瘤（TCRBCL）的诊断。方法：用S－P石蜡免疫组化法检测22例依据形态学诊断的霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞和背景细胞的免疫表型。结果：4／22例是TCRBCL,3例富于T小淋巴细胞,1例富含组织细胞;瘤细胞3例呈中心母细胞样和免疫母细胞样。1例呈腔隙型细胞样,弥漫散在分布。免疫组化瘤细胞呈CD20（＋）、CD15（－）、CD30（－）、CD21（－）、vimentin(-)。背景细胞CD45RO（＋）／CD68（＋）细胞占绝对优势,为浸润细胞的70％－90％;CD20（＋）细胞散在,CD57（＋）稀少。16例为经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤（CHL）,瘤细胞为CD15（＋）（75％）、CD30（＋）（100％）、vimentin( )(19%)、CD21（－）、CD20（－）及CD45（－）,背景细胞CD45RO（＋）和CD20（＋）数量基本相等,CD57（＋）较少。1例为结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤（NLPHL）,瘤细胞呈CD20（＋）、CD45（＋）、CD30（－）、CD15（－）,而背景细胞中CD57（＋）较多。结论：石蜡免疫组化在TCRBCL诊断中起重要作用,而且也应用于CHL、NLPHL及TCRBCL间鉴别诊断。     

霍奇金淋巴瘤的病理诊断和鉴别诊断

近年来,国际上对霍奇金病的诊断和研究有３大发展：Ｒ－Ｓ细胞与ＥＢ病毒密切关系的的确定,对Ｒ－Ｓ细胞来源的初步认识（来源于Ｂ细胞）和新的改进分类的提出（ＲＥＡＬ分类和ＷＨＯ分类草案）〔１～６〕。本文根据新的分类,结合作者单位近年来诊断数百例霍奇金病的经...     

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤伴非典型性T细胞:一种类似外周T细胞淋巴瘤的形态学变型

结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(nodular lymphocyte-predominant hodgkin lymphoma,NLPHL)是一种特殊亚型的霍奇金淋巴瘤,在反应性小B或T细胞背景下,见少量淋巴细胞为主的(LP)肿瘤性细胞。     

淋巴样增强结合因子1蛋白表达在淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤/急性淋巴细胞白血病中的诊断及鉴别诊断研究

目的:研究淋巴样增强结合因子1（LEF1）蛋白在淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤/急性淋巴细胞白血病（LBL/ALL）和小B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达,探讨其在LBL/ALL病理诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:收集2012年1月至2019年12月上海市同济医院就诊及会诊的53例LBL/ALL石蜡组织标本,采用免疫组织化学法检测LEF1、末端脱氧...     

脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化病理形态观察

目的探讨脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的临床病理表现及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法对4例脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化进行常规HE及免疫组织化学（EnVision法）观察并结合文献讨论。结果脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的最大特征是在纤维硬化间质中形成多个血管瘤样结节。结节为单个或多个融合,周围为增生纤维组织包绕。结节中央可见裂隙样或不规则形或略为扩张的血管腔构成,内衬肿胀的内皮细胞。血管腔隙之间为梭形细胞和卵圆形细胞。免疫组织化学显示结节内为CD34阳性表达的小血管及少量CD8阳性表达的窦性腔隙,CD31阳性表达的内皮细胞数量多,并构成复杂的网状结构,局灶性内衬细胞CD68亦为阳性,平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性细胞成簇分布在血管腔隙之间,结节间梭形细胞局灶性肌动蛋白阳性,但结蛋白、CD21、CD35阴性。结论脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化是一种少见的良性病变,有其特征的临床病理表现,应注意与脾脏其他类型肿瘤及瘤样病变鉴别。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的病理形态特点及其诊断和鉴别诊断

目的总结嗅神经母细胞瘤(ONB)的病理形态学特点,评价各种方法的诊断价值,并结合其他辅助检查确定与鼻腔鼻窦其他小细胞恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断依据,提高ONB的病理诊断水平。方法收集ONB34例,鼻腔鼻窦的横纹肌肉瘤(RMS)11例、淋巴瘤76例。对病例基本情况进行了统计,对其活检标本进行了如下处理和观察：(1)常规HE染色、光镜观察。(2)免疫组织化学染色(两步聚合物检测PV6000法)及观察。ONB病例标记了神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),嗜铬素A(CgA),S-100蛋白,细胞角蛋白(AEl／AE3),白细胞共同抗原(LCA),结蛋白,横纹肌肌动蛋白(S-actin)。RMS病例标记了结蛋白、肌球蛋白、S-actin及NSE、CgA及LCA。淋巴瘤病例标记了LCA,T细胞标记物(CD45RO),B细胞标记物(CD20)及NK细胞标记物(CD56)。另对10例NK／T细胞型淋巴瘤、9例B细胞型淋巴瘤标记了NSE、CgA、结蛋白及S-actin。(3)透射电镜观察。对ONB、RMS及淋巴瘤各4例进行了透射电镜观察。结果ONB与RMS及淋巴瘤发病均主要为中青年,临床局部表现有相似之处。ONB的形态学特征是：上皮团巢,血管袢网隔,小圆小梭形细胞及细胞核,腺样及鳞状上皮样细胞,菊形团,神经丝束,深染的细胞核,少、粉染或透明的胞质。免疫组织化学标记结果：NSE及CgA在小细胞100%表达,但在不同病例表达程度不同,S-100蛋白在神经丝束处100％表达,AEl／AE3在鳞状及腺样分化的细胞100％表达,LCA、结蛋白及S-actin均阴性。电镜下可见神经微丝及胞质内少数神经内分泌颗粒。RMS及淋巴瘤光镜下虽与ONB有相似之处,但也各有其形态特点,且免疫组织化学标记结果及电镜下超微结构特征也完全不同。结论ONB在光镜、免疫组织化学标记及电镜下有与RMS和淋巴瘤不同的特征性的形态变化特点,根据组织形态学特点即能够确立ONB的病理诊断,免疫组织化学标记可以进一步印证诊断,并在与RMS和淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断中起重要作用,电镜观察可作为ONB诊断及鉴别诊断中一项非必备的辅助检查。     

女性腹膜原发癌的诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 讨论女性腹膜原发癌的组织发生、形态学特点以及诊断要点和鉴别诊断。方法 用普通形态学方法结合组织化学ＰＡＳ法及免疫组织化学染色观察６例女性腹膜原发癌的形态特点。结果 诊断腹膜原发浆液性乳头状癌４例,腹膜原发的宫内膜样癌及移行细胞癌各１例。结论 腹膜原发癌的组织相发于卵巢的分化程度相同的同类型肿瘤一致,诊断腹膜原发癌必须证实双侧卵巢、子宫、泌尿道无同类型肿瘤。此类肿瘤被认为是来源于第二苗勒系统,     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese

Introduction

Little information is available on the outcomes of Hodgkin''s lymphoma in Chinese patients. We analyzed the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment types, clinical course and treatment outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese patients.

Material and methods

Patients with Hodgkin''s lymphoma diagnosed from January 1991 to December 2010 were recruited. A retrospective analysis of these patients was performed.

Results

Sixty-seven Chinese patients (38 males and 29 females) were identified and the median age was 36 (range 16–80). Nodular sclerosis was the most common histology (54%), followed by mixed cellularity (36%). Twenty-four patients had early favorable, 20 patients had early unfavorable and 23 patients had advanced-stage diseases. The most common presentation was palpable lymph node or mass (85%) followed by fever, weight loss, night sweating and mediastinal mass. Ninety percent of patients received chemotherapy and 40% received radiotherapy as consolidation. Seven patients with stage I lymphoma received radiotherapy alone. ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) was the most commonly used chemotherapeutic regimen. Following treatment, 87% of patients achieved complete remission. Six patients relapsed after first remission and 3 achieved second remission after re-induction therapy. The 5-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 89% and the freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) at 5 years was 82%. The 5-year overall survival rate for early favorable, early unfavorable and advanced stages was 95.7%, 95.0% and 74.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Despite the relatively low incidence of Hodgkin''s lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese, the treatment outcomes are comparable to Caucasian patients.     

Differential expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in nodular lymphocyte-predominant and classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is indispensable for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Expression of AID has been detected in germinal centre centroblasts and in lymphomas derived from germinal centre cells. However, in situ studies of AID expression have until now been hampered by a lack of antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry. To overcome this problem, an AID-specific monoclonal antibody suitable for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections has been generated. This antibody was shown to detect AID expression in normal germinal centre B-cells as well as in non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a putative germinal centre origin. Using this antibody, a virtually exclusive cytoplasmic localization of AID in normal and neoplastic B-cells is shown. Employing a combination of immunohistochemistry and AID-specific in situ hybridization, it is demonstrated that AID is consistently expressed in the neoplastic cells of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (HLnlp) but only infrequently in classical HL (cHL). This is in keeping with the notion that tumour cells of HLnlp represent transformed germinal centre B-cells showing evidence of somatic hypermutation. AID represents an additional marker useful in the differential diagnosis of HLnlp and cHL.     

α-甲酰基辅酶A消旋酶在前列腺腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用

目的观察α-甲酰基辅酶A消旋酶(α—methylacyl—CoA racemase,P504S)在前列腺腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对前列腺腺癌及其需要鉴别的病变：前列腺上皮内瘤变、不典型腺瘤样增生、不典型小腺泡增生以及正常前列腺组织(包括萎缩的腺体)和良性增生进行光镜观察,用EnVision二步法免疫组织化学方法检测P504S、细胞角蛋白(CK)34βE12、p63在各类病变组织中的表达情况。根据P504S阳性表达部位区分其表达形式为：胞质型、腔缘型、顶端胞质型及胞膜型。结果78例前列腺腺癌中,91％(71／78)阳性表达P504S,多表现为癌细胞弥漫性胞质内阳性着色较深的颗粒状物,少数为腺腔内缘或顶端胞质内及膜表达,9％(7／78)阴性表达P504S者均为亮细胞型;前列腺上皮内瘤变(9例),不典型腺瘤样增生(6例)以及不典型小腺泡增生(2例)中均见P504S不同程度的表达;96％(65／68)的正常及良性增生前列腺组织未见P504S阳性表达;增生的基底细胞也未见P504S阳性表达。结论P504S的免疫组织化学染色对判断前列腺腺癌具有重要参考价值,若与CK34βE12或p63联合应用则更有帮助。     

Programmed death 1 expression in variant immunoarchitectural patterns of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: comparison with CD57 and lymphomas in the differential diagnosis

Recent studies have exploited an antibody directed against programmed death 1 expressed by follicular helper T-cells in the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. We had previously described clinically relevant, variant immunoarchitectural patterns of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and, in this study, sought to address the diagnostic utility of programmed death 1 in comparison with CD57 in variant nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistologic staining for programmed death 1 was carried out on biopsies of 67 patients with variant nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Thirty-four additional cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with associated diffuse areas, de novo T-cell and histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, and lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma were also studied. Our results show that programmed death 1 positivity was found in the majority of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma cases with a classic nodular architecture (87%) as compared with 50% for CD57 and was particularly helpful in identifying extranodular large atypical cells. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with diffuse areas showed a gradual decrease in programmed death 1 reactivity from nodular to diffuse areas, although a significant proportion (40%-50%) of cases retained programmed death 1 positivity also in diffuse areas. In addition, T-cell and histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma displayed programmed death 1 positivity in a significant subset of cases (33%-40%). In conclusion, our study supports the utility of programmed death 1 in the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and shows greater sensitivity of staining of programmed death 1 as compared with CD57 across all variants of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Loss of programmed death 1 reactivity did not correlate with diffuse areas, progression, or the ability to differentiate nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma from T-cell and histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. These findings suggest the need for continued vigilance in the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and its immunoarchitectural variants as well as related lymphomas in their differential diagnosis.