威海市男性同性恋者艾滋病相关行为调查

为了解威海市男性同性恋者艾滋病(AIDS)相关行为及有关信息,于2004-09/12对威海市79名男性同性恋者进行了艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为问卷,并对其中19名男性同性恋者进行了HIV、梅毒体抗检测,现将结果报道如下。1对象与方法1.1对象79名男性同性恋者,他们一部分承认自己是同性恋者,另一部分则承认自己有过同性性行为。1.2调查内容与方法采用2004年国家级HIV综合监测点男性同性恋者调查问卷,由经过性病艾滋病监测中心培训过的专门人员进行调查。问卷不记名,在调查过程中随时解答他们提出的艾滋病方面的相关知识,并给他们留下电话号码以便…     

杭州市男性同性恋者性行为与艾滋病知识知晓率调查

目的了解杭州市男性同性恋者的性行为及对艾滋病知识的知晓率。方法2003年5月至2004年1月,采用自行设计的调查问卷,对927名男性同性恋者进行匿名式问卷调查。结果被调查者平均年龄为(298±99)岁。1年内平均同性性伴侣数为(734±561)人,其中具有1个同性性伴侣者为199人(2146%),具有2～5个同性性伴侣者为165人(1779%),超过5个以上同性性伴侣者为563人(6073%);179人(1930%)有异性性伴侣,其平均异性性伴侣人数为(112±02)人。其性行为方式中,378人(4066%)有肛交行为,584人(6299%)有口交行为,687人(7411%)有相互手淫行为;34人(366%)有口肛门接触;在179名有异性性伴侣者中,有阴道性交者为107人(5977%),有肛交行为者为66人(3687%),有相互口交者72人(3687%),相互手淫者为47人(2625%)。这部分人群艾滋病知识的正确知晓率比较高,但采取高危险性行为的比例却非常高。只有1111%的男性同性恋者在每次肛交时使用安全套,而绝大多数男性同性恋者在与同性发生性行为时偶尔或根本不采取安全措施,而在与异性发生性行为时,几乎不使用安全套。结论男性同性恋是艾滋病传播的高危人群,应该采取适宜且实用的措施进行干预。     

太原市高危人群艾滋病相关知识与行为状况调查

目的了解太原市高危人群艾滋病相关知识与行为状况,探讨两者之间的相关性。方法选择太原市万柏林区为研究区域,采用随机整群抽样和分层抽样等方法,对太原市186名暗娼、238名吸毒者、107名男性同性恋者进行匿名问卷调查。问卷编制参照我国艾滋病高危人群行为监测问卷,内容包括基本情况、艾滋病防治知识及其获取途径、艾滋病高危行为特征等。采用EpiData3.02软件建立数据库并进行数据录入,采用SPSS13.0软件进行数据分析。结果在调查的531人中,暗娼186人,吸毒者238人,男性同性恋者107人。调查发现,暗娼艾滋病防治知识总知晓率为61.9%,吸毒者为77.2%,男性同性恋者为90.4%。暗娼最近一次商业性行为中安全套使用率为74.9%,男性同性恋者最近一次与男性性伴发生性行为时安全套使用率为58.9%,静脉吸毒者在入戒毒所前一个月内,与别人共用针具的比例为57.9%。相关性分析结果显示,除高档场所暗娼知识与行为的相关系数为0.789(P0.01)外,其他高危人群艾滋病防治知识与行为间均不存在直线相关关系(P0.05)。结论三类人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率和安全套使用率总体上偏低,应继续加强健康教育和行为干预。     

济南市部分男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识、危险行为与感染状况调查

[目的]了解济南市男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识、危险行为与艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况,为行为干预提供依据.[方法]2005年,对济南市接受艾滋病病毒检测的45名男性同性恋者进行问卷调查并检测HIV抗体.[结果]调查45人,11项艾滋病知识的知晓率为57.8%,71.1%的人通过电视、报刊获取知识;77.7%有肛交性行为,每次肛交均使用安全套的占14.3%;45人中3人确认为HIV抗体阳性,其中1人为艾滋病病人.[结论]济南市男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识知晓率不高,普遍存在危险性行为,安全套使用率低.     

239例男同性恋者性病艾滋病高危行为监测与调查

目的 了解男同性恋者(MSM)肌,感染状况及高危因素.方法 采用滚雪球法,在性病门诊、VCT门诊及男同性恋者活动中心对男同性恋者进行实名调查,同时采集血标本进行HIV抗体、梅毒和丙肝检测.结果 239例标本中检出HIV阳性8例,感染率3.35%,梅毒阳性者11例,感染率4.60%,未检出丙肝.首次性行为中位数是25岁,所有调查者均有同性性行为,66.1%与男性有过肛交性行为,22.6%的人同时有异性性行为,16.3%的人通过金钱发生男性性行为,在上述性行为中安全套的使用率分别为26.4%、50.8%和67.2%,艾滋病知识知晓率为87.19%,有42.7%的人做过HIV检测.结论 同性恋者HIV和梅毒的感染率和无保护性行为发生率均较高,迫切需要做好该人群艾滋病防控工作.     

男男性接触者艾滋病和梅毒感染及性行为调查

男男性接触者(men who have sex with men,MSM)是指与男性有过性关系的男性,主要包括男性同性恋者、男性双性恋者和男性异性恋者[1].由于该人群普遍存在无保护肛交、多性伴等高危行为,因此成为艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染的主要易感人群[2].为了解甘肃省兰州市MSM人群艾滋病和梅毒流行特征及其相关影响因素,为制定行为干预措施提供科学依据,于2006 - 2010年对兰州市抽取的889名MSM人群进行问卷调查及血清学检测.结果报告如下.     

防艾重点是男性

据统计，中国目前有84万艾滋病感染者，其中艾滋病病人约8万。尽管成人总人口感染率不到0.1%，但疫情已经涉及31个省、市、自治区，艾滋病正在逐渐通过接触吸毒者、性工作者和男性同性恋者等高危群体的中间人群向普通大众传播，防治形势非常严峻。[编者按]     

潜江市男男性行为人群艾滋病知晓率及高危性行为调查分析

男男性行为人群(MSM)是感染和传播艾滋病的重点人群[1].2007年底卫生部、联合国艾滋病署和世界卫生组织联合对中国艾滋病疫情进行评估表明,2007年5万新发感染者中,男男性传播占12.2％[ 2].2008年潜江市在常规监测中首次确认男男同性恋者感染艾滋病,近年来逐步深入监测发现男男同性恋艾滋病感染人数快速增长.     

男-男性行为者肛交安全套使用调查

目的 为进一步针对男同性恋者开展的防治艾滋病健康教育活动提供依据.方法 对582名2地男同性恋者采用方便抽样法和"滚雪球"法,调查不同类型男性性伴侣肛交使用安全套频率,用趋势卡方检验3种类型男性性伴侣肛交使用安全套增加趋势.结果 84.8%的被调查人群在最近6个月中与同性伴侣有过肛交行为,其中与不付费固定男伴坚持使用安全套比率仅为15.8%,与不付费非固定男伴肛交坚持使用安全套比率也仅为16.3%,商业男性性伴侣坚持使用安全套肛交的人群为31.7%.结论 男-男性行为者肛交时使用安全套率较低,对非固定男性伴侣(包括付费男性伴侣)使用安全套进行肛交的意识不足,应积极开展倡导男同性恋者安全套使用的健康教育活动,增强男同性恋者防治艾滋病意识.     

山东男同性恋者社会生活状况自我感觉调查

[目的]了解男同性恋者的社会生活状况。[方法]采用自编的“同性恋者社会生活状况问卷”对100名男同性恋进行测查。[结果]在同性恋群体中学生数量较多、学历较高,大多数在中学时代就意识到自己的同性性取向;同性恋者找伙伴的方式主要是网络、朋友介绍、同性恋聚集地或酒吧;同性恋是生物—心理—社会因素综合作用的结果,同性恋者更倾向于认为是先天因素;多数人希望和同性组成家庭并希望同性婚姻合法化;他们渴望社会公众的了解、尊重和宽容。[结论]男同性恋者的社会生活状况较差,存在着普遍的心理问题,需要社会各界的关注和帮助。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.