视网膜中央静脉阻塞对侧眼视网膜电图的观察

本文对31例单眼视网膜中央静脉阻塞（centralretinalveinocclusion，CRVO）患者正常眼底的对侧眼进行了暗视ERGa、b波及OPs各子波峰时值、波幅和OP总合波幅的观察，结果表明，ERG的a、b波及OPs各子波峰时值均延迟，ERGb波波幅异常者占32％，其中b波超高者占29％，b波降低者占3％，OPs主要表现为O2波波幅的降低，异常率42％，异常率随着年龄的增大而增加。在OPs异常的患者中绝大多数存在着血液粘稠度的增高及血脂异常。提示O2波是观察视网膜血液循环障碍的敏感指标。全身因素可以同时影响双眼视网膜功能。     

视网膜电图检测对视网膜静脉阻塞视功能的评价

目的 探讨视网膜电图（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｏｇｒａｍ,ＥＲＧ）的检测对视网膜静脉阻塞（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌ ｖｅｉｎ ｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ,ＲＶＯ）视功能评价的可能性。方法 对２１例ＲＶＯ患者及２３例正常对照组分别进行ＥＲＧ检测,测ａ、ｂ波振幅、峰潜时和振汤电位振幅。结果 ＲＶＯ组最大反应ａ、ｂ波振幅对照组明显下降,峰潜时延长、振荡电位幅值也明显降低,ＣＲＶＯ与ＢＲＶＯ组间有显著差异,说明随病变程度而加     

视网膜电图在视网膜中央静脉阻塞分型中的应用价值

我们选择不同的刺激条件，对32例早期视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)患者进行视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)的检测．缺血型CRVO13例的a、b波潜伏期延长，b波振幅明显下降：非缺血型CRVO19例的a、b波潜伏期延长，b波振幅表现为轻度降低、升高或正常．提示b波振幅和b/a是区分缺血型与非缺血型CRVO的最敏感指标．我们还探讨了ERG在早期CRVO分型中的应用价值。 （中华眼底病杂志，1994，10：7-10）     

视网膜脱离复位后的视网膜电图研究

目的 研究视网膜脱离（ＲＤ）复位后视网膜电图改变,探讨视功能损害的程度和部位。方法 １０只健康灰兔分为实验组４组８只,正常对照组２只。通过在视网膜下注射０．１％透明质酸钠方法建立ＲＤ模型。在术前和术后１,２,３,４周时分别记录视网膜电图。结果 暗视视杆细胞反应,最大反应ａ,ｂ波,单闪光明视锥细胞反应和闪烁光反应振幅,在视网膜复位后逐渐升高,复位１周时恢复到正常时的６０％～６５％,复位３周时视网膜ＥＲＧ恢复到７０％～９０％。暗视最大反应ａ波潜伏期在视网膜复位后２天,延长１０．９％,复位１周后逐渐恢复。ＯＰｓ和其它各波的潜伏期未见有显著改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 复位后的视网膜电图虽然逐渐恢复,但ａ,ｂ波的不完全恢复提示了光感受器和Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞功能的改变。     

视网膜电图在视网膜中央静脉阻塞分型中的应用价值

我们选择不同的刺激条件，对３２例早期视网膜中央静脉阻塞（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｒｅｔｉｎａｌｖｅｉｎｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ，ＶＲＶＯ）患者进行视网膜电图（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ，ＥＲＧ）的检测。缺血型ＣＲＶＯｌ３例的ａ、ｂ波潜伏期延长，ｂ波振幅明显下降；非缺血型ＣＲＶＯ１９例的ａ、ｂ波潜伏期延长，ｂ波振幅表现为轻度降低、升高或正常。提示ｂ波振幅和ｂ／ａ值是区分缺血型与非缺血型ＣＲＶＯ的最敏感指标。我们还探讨了ＥＲＧ在早期ＣＲＶＯ分型中的应用价值。     

视网膜静脉阻塞的视觉眼电图改变

本实验分别记录了正常眼组及视网膜静脉阻塞组的视觉眼电图，结果表明，虽然视网膜静脉阻塞时睫状血管系统不受影响，但是其ＥＯＧ与正常眼组比较，十项诊断指标中八项指标的差异具有高度显著性。同时，ＢＲＶＯ组与ＣＲＶＯ组比较时，八项诊断指标具有显著性差异。ＢＲＶＯ组与正常眼组进行检验时，五项诊断指标的差别具有显著性。当视网膜静脉阻塞后期组与正常眼组相比时，十项诊断指标的差别均无显著性意义，可以认为，ＥＯＧ在判断视网膜缺血程度上具有一定价值，同时，本文对视网膜静脉阻塞影响ＥＯＧ的机制进行了初步的探讨。     

视网膜分枝静脉阻塞的视网膜电图和图形视诱发电位的观察

目的：探讨视网膜电图（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ,ＥＲＧ）和视觉诱发电位（ｖｉｓｕａｌ ｅｖｏｋｅｄ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ,ＶＥＰ）对视网膜静脉分枝阻塞（ｂｒａｎｃｈ ｒｅｔｉｎａｌ ｖｅｉｎ ｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ,ＢＲＶＯ）检测的意义。方法：根据眼底荧光血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎ ａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）将ＢＲＶＯ分为缺血型（ｈｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｉｃ ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐ     

视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的多焦视网膜电图特点

目的 研究视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)的特点.方法 横断面研究.筛选视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的患者39例(39只眼),采用多焦视网膜电图评估患者视功能(P1波振幅密度、P1波峰时、环反应比值),采用相干光层析成像术(OCT)及OCTA检测视网膜结构(视网膜厚度、椭圆体带的连续性、有无...     

应用视网膜电图评估早产儿视网膜病变退化后的视功能

目的通过闪光视网膜电图（flash electroretinogram,F-ERG）评估曾患早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy ofprematurity,ROP）但自行消退的患儿的视功能情况,比较其与正常早产儿的异同。方法随机选择胎龄为26~36周,出生体重为990-2700g,曾患早产儿视网膜病变但自行消退的早产儿15例（30只眼）在半岁~2岁进行F-ERG检查,并选择胎龄、出生体重和检查年龄相似的正常早产儿作为对照组,对比F-ERG各波的振幅和潜伏期。结果 ROP组和正常对照组视杆反应b波潜伏期的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,最大混合反应a波、b波,视锥反应a波、b波潜伏期的差异均无统计学意义;视杆反应b波,最大混合反应a波、b波,视锥反应a波、b波振幅及30Hz闪烁光及振荡电位峰值的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论早产儿视网膜病变退化后对患儿的视功能影响不大,因此,发现轻度的早产儿视网膜病变不必急于手术,可以密切观察其能否消退疾病进展再考虑是否手术,视杆细胞功能的损伤可考虑以后行视功能训练。     

金雀异黄素对视网膜中央静脉阻塞动物模型中闪光视网膜电图的影响

目的评价金雀异黄素（Gen）对兔视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）后视网膜细胞功能下降是否具有改善作用。方法采用氩激光直接光凝法封闭兔眼视网膜静脉建立CRVO模型成功后1周,将兔分为两组：Gen治疗组6只和DMSO组6只。Gen治疗组兔连续4天玻璃体腔内注射浓度为150μmol／l的Gen 0．1ml,DMSO组兔连续四天玻璃体腔内注射DMSO0．1ml。兔光凝前、光凝后1周、2周行闪光视网膜电流图检查（flash electrorefinogram,FERG）测定视网膜细胞功能。结果（1）激光封闭视网膜静脉可建立兔CRVO模型;（2）Gen治疗组FERG—a、FERG—b波潜伏期较用药前明显缩短（P〈0．05）,DMSO组的FERG与用药前无统计学差异。结论激光封闭致兔视网膜中央静脉阻塞的动物模型是成功的,Gen可改善部分视网膜功能。     

The Electroretinogram in Patients with Retinal Vascular Occlusion

Purpose: to measure and analyze the electroretinogram (ERG) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.Method: fifty-eight cases (59 eyes) of retinal vascular occlusion and the fellow eyes of 47 cases were tested with Ganzfeld ERG. The scotopic and photopic ERG, and oscillatory potentials were tested according to the ERG standard of ISCEV. Results: The abnormal rates of OPs and b wave were higher in retinal vascular occlusion. The abnormal ERG appeared mostly in CRVO among four types of retinal vascular occlusion. The comparisons of some amplitudes and latencies between the fellow eyes and the affected eyes showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The oscillatory potentials and b waves have important roles in evaluating the retinal function of patients with retinal vascular occlusions. There are some clinical significance for comparing ERG between the affected eye and the fellow eye.     

Experimental retinal vascular occlusion II

After experimentally occluding the central retinal vein and artery simultaneously at their point of entry into the optic nerve, acute retinal necrosis occurred, but not hemorrhagic retinopathy. In the retinal vasculature, stagnation of blood flow and thrombosis with subsequent recanalization was noted. The necrosis was extensive in the inner retinal layers but focal in the outer retinal layers. The internal limiting membrane was detached and disrupted in every case. Following the post-edematous stage, numerous micro and macroretinal cysts appeared. The peripheral retina showed much less ischemic changes. A clinico-pathologic correlation was made.     

Experimental retinal vascular occlusion III

The retinal changes following the simultaneous occlusion of retinal vessels were examined at an ultrastructural level. The preservation of endothelial cells that prevented leakage of blood and horseradish peroxidase tracer material in the surrounding retinal tissues explained the lack of hemorrhages observed clinically. Mueller cell death resulted in severe structural disorganization of the retina, with disruption of the inner limiting membrane, involvement of the outer retinal layers, and fleurette formation. The retinal macrocysts were derived from ischemic infarction.     

Decreased inner retinal activity in branch retinal vein occlusion

The electroretinogram, electro-oculogram and electroretinogram oscillatory potential all reflect the mass activity of the retina. The electroretinogram usually remains normal after branch retinal vein occlusion, whereas the electro-oculogram and oscillatory potential often show abnormalities. These tests thus have a differential sensitivity to branch retinal vein occlusion. However, whether the inner layer of the retina is affected in branch retinal vein occlusion has not been determined. In this study, conventional electroretinographic and oscillatory potential data were compared in 34 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion, while electroretinographic and electro-oculographic data were compared in 30 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion, in an attempt to determine whether the inner retina was affected in this disorder. None of the conventional electroretinographic variables showed any significant difference between the eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion and the fellow eyes. In the oscillatory potential test, however, the sum of the amplitudes of O₁, O₂, O₃ and O₄ showed a significant difference (p < 0.02).=" in=" addition,=" the=" light=" peak-dark=" trough=" ratio=" and=" the=" light=" peak=" showed=" a=" significant=" difference=" in=" the=" electro-oculogram=" (p=">< 0.05=" and=" p=">< 0.05,=" respectively).=" since=" the=" oscillatory=" potential=" and=" the=" electro-oculogram=" light=" rise=" potential=" reflect=" the=" activity=" of=" the=" inner=" retina,=" our=" data=" suggest=" that=" the=" inner=" retina=" was=" affected=" by=" branch=" retinal=" vein=" occlusion=" and=" that=" these=" variables=" are=" more=" sensitive=" indicators=" than=" the=">     

合并视网膜大血管阻塞的系统性红斑狼疮的临床观察

目的：观察系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并视网膜大血管阻塞的临床特点。

方法：选取2010-01/2014-01我院收治的SLE合并视网膜大血管阻塞的患者17例21眼为试验组,另选取不合并视网膜病变的SLE患者30例60眼为对照组,完善眼部和全身检查及相关化验包括各种自身免疫抗体,记录临床症状和体征。

结果：试验组13例为单眼发病,4例为双眼发病,其中视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)7眼(33%),视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)9眼(43%),视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)3眼(14%),视网膜分支动脉阻塞(BRAO)1眼(5%),CRAO合并CRVO 1眼(5%)。试验组BCVA显著差于对照组; 皮肤红斑(76%)、发热(59%)、关节炎(53%)、中枢神经系统症状(头痛及精神神经异常)(76%)、胸膜炎(41%)发生率显著高于对照组; 抗ds-DNA抗体(100%)、抗磷脂抗体(65%)阳性率显著高于对照组; 补体C3降低(82%)、血沉升高(100%)、血小板减少(65%)发生率显著高于对照组。SLEDAI评分为20.24±4.66提示疾病处于中度及重度活动期。

结论：合并视网膜大血管阻塞的SLE患者,视力受损严重,全身多系统均有不同程度受累,且均为疾病中度及重度活动期。与APA、中枢神经系统病变可能存在相关性。     

多焦视网膜电图在评价视网膜挫伤中的应用

目的　探讨视网膜挫伤的多焦视网膜电图 (mf -ERG) ,在视网膜挫伤中的应用价值。方法　选择 3 0例 ( 3 0眼 )视网膜挫伤 ,应用德国罗兰多焦电生理系统RETIscanversion 3 .15进行mf ERG检查 ,对 1环、1～ 3环、4～ 6环及 1～ 6环的波和P1波的振幅密度和潜伏期与对侧正常眼对照 ,并对患眼 4个象限的N1波以及波的振幅密度和潜伏期进行比较。结果　 1环、1～ 3环、4～ 6环及 1～ 6环的N1波和P1波的振幅密度与对侧眼差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而潜伏期的差异显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,患眼 4个象限的mf ERG差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　mf ERG能够客观反映视网膜挫伤的视功能损害程度 ,是评价视网膜挫伤时后极部视网膜功能有效工具     

视网膜血管阻塞性疾病的治疗新挑战

视网膜动脉阻塞和视网膜静脉阻塞是临床上最常见的致盲眼病。近年来,随着眼科医疗设备和诊疗技术的提高,视网膜血管阻塞性疾病有了一些新疗法（如高压氧治疗、视乳头放射状切开术、视乳头穿刺术、视网膜血管外膜切开术、激光诱导脉络膜视网膜静脉吻合术、选择性动脉内溶栓、经玻璃体视网膜中央动脉插管术、经玻璃体微穿刺术、玻璃体腔注射贝伐单抗、激光光凝治疗等）,给此类疾病的治疗带来新的希望,但对每种新疗法均需进一步科学、谨慎地探讨和观察随访。     

正确看待视网膜静脉阻塞的各种治疗

本文对目前视网膜静脉阻塞的各种治疗方法，包括激光光凝、激光脉络膜视网膜吻合术、动静脉鞘膜分离术、放射状视神经切开术、内界膜剥离术、玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德等，就其疗效、并发症、作用机制等方面进行了评述。     

Microvascular and functional changes according to the fundus location of the affected arteriovenous crossing in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes occurring in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) according to the distance of the affected arteriovenous (AV) crossing to the centers of the fovea and optic disc by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods:Forty-five patients with unilateral BRVO and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this retrospective observational study. Images of the macula (3 mm × 3 mm) and affected AV crossing sites were obtained by OCTA. The fovea-AV crossing distance (FAVD), optic disc-AV crossing distance (DAVD), and optic disc-fovea distance (DFD) were measured.Results:The FAVD/DFD ratio was positively correlated with the vessel density in the superficial and deep affected hemifields (r = 0.430, P < 0.05 and r = 0.308, P < 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with the superficial foveal avascular zone and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (r = –0.412, P < 0.05 and r = –0.356, P < 0.05, respectively). The DAVD/DFD ratio was not correlated with the logMAR visual acuity, superficial FAZ area or vessel densities in the affected hemifield (all P > 0.05).Conclusion:The affected AV crossing site that was further away from the fovea had better visual acuity and quantitative microvascular parameters in the affected hemifields. However, this correlation was not observed for the distance between the affected AV crossing site and the optic disc.