鞍结节脑膜瘤的影像学特征及翼点锁孔手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的影像学特点及翼点锁孔入路显微手术治疗的效果。方法 回顾性分析98例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,均采用翼点锁孔入路开颅显微手术切除肿瘤。结果 本组98例鞍结节脑膜瘤增强MRI呈显著均一强化,84例伴有脑膜尾征。本组肿瘤全切除80例,次全切除18例。本组无手术死亡病例。术后随访2月~10年,10例复发。结论 掌握鞍结节脑膜瘤的特征性影像学表现对于术前正确诊断具有重要价值。翼点锁孔入路显微手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤效果良好,具有创伤小、并发症少、病人术后恢复快等优点。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术切除策略。方法回顾性分析82例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,均采用显微手术切除。经额外侧入路44例,经眶-额外侧入路28例,经眶-颧-额-颞入路7例,经翼点入路3例。术中磨除前床突和视神经管顶及外侧嵴,切除侵入视神经管内的肿瘤27例;磨除鞍结节,经蝶窦切除鞍前壁肿瘤12例。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级切除75例(91.5%),SimpsonⅢ级切除7例(8.5%);术后视力改善和稳定151只眼(92.1%),视力恶化13只眼(7.9%)。术后出现不同程度下丘脑症状2例,术后偏瘫1例,无手术死亡病例。结论正确选择手术入路,采用熟练的显微颅底外科技术是获得良好手术效果的保证。额外侧入路能提供良好的手术空间和视野,术后视觉症状改善明显。术中打开视神经管,仔细辨别并保护蛛网膜屏障中的小血管,是保障肿瘤全切除和术后视力恢复的关键。     

翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的探讨翼点入路显微外科手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术技巧和术中注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2001年4月至2006年10月我院采用翼点入路显微手术切除43例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料，并对手术技巧加以总结。结果SimpsonⅠ级切除5例，Ⅱ级切除31例，Ⅲ级切除7例。术后视力改善者24例，视力无变化者6例，视力恶化者2例；术后视野缺损恢复者21例；出现一过性尿崩者6例；出现高热、电解质紊乱者2例；死亡1例。结论应用翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤，疗效满意。熟悉鞍区的局部解剖和术中对肿瘤周围重要结构的保护是手术成功的关键。     

改良翼点入路显微切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的 总结经改良翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的经验. 方法回顾性分析广州军区武汉总医院神经外科自2001年1月至2007年4月应用改良翼点入路显微手术治疗的26例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料. 结果 26例患者获Simpson Ⅰ级切除11例,Ⅱ级切除14例,Ⅲ级切除1例.术后视力损害和视野缺损均有不同程度恢复23例,1例视力无改变,术后视力下降2例经治疗后改善.7例术后出现不同程度的尿崩,经对症治疗约10 d后好转.无1例死亡.随访6个月～5年,肿瘤无复发. 结论改良翼点入路可对中颅窝、前颅窝、鞍区及鞍旁病变进行良好暴露,能处理各种类型的鞍结节脑膜瘤,提高全切除率,减少术后并发症,值得临床推广应用.     

经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤的疗效

目的探讨经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤的方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010-01—2013-01我院采用经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤11例患者的临床资料,探讨手术效果、手术技巧及并发症发生情况。结果肿瘤全切除10例(Simpson I级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除8例),次全切除l例(SimpsonⅢ级切除)。所有患者术后视力及视野缺损改善,术后出现尿崩3例,经治疗1~2周好转;随访6个月~5a,术后2a左右肿瘤复发1例,余均恢复良好。结论应用经眶上锁孔入路显微手术治疗鞍区脑膜瘤有较好的临床效果,值得临床推广。     

27例鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术体会

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2016年3月显微手术治疗的27例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料。所有病人术后随访6~24个月。结果 27例中,肿瘤Simpson分级Ⅰ级切除3例,Ⅱ级切除22例,Ⅲ级切除2例。术后视力改善13例,不变13例,恶化1例。术后出现视力减退3例、电解质紊乱3例、嗅觉减退3例、应激性溃疡2例、尿崩症2例、偏瘫1例。术后复发2例,均再次手术。结论根据鞍结节脑膜瘤大小、生长方式及视觉功能受损情况、术者操作习惯选择合适的手术入路,术中尽量分块切除肿瘤,充分识别蛛网膜屏障保护神经血管下丘脑等重要结构,可提高鞍结节脑膜瘤全切率,减少术后并发症。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术策略与术后视力恢复

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤显微外科解剖和肿瘤的生长方式与手术和视力恢复的关系。方法回顾分析1997～2004年间39例鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术,肿瘤大小1.5～6cm,所有患者均有视力障碍,其中26例为非对称。MR增强有助于鞍结节脑膜瘤与鞍上其他肿瘤的鉴别。手术均采用翼点经侧裂入路。结果31例获肿瘤全切除,8例次全切除。术后视力改善42只眼,无变化23只眼,恶化13只眼。死亡2例(分别死于多系统脏器衰竭和下丘脑功能障碍)。结论鞍结节脑膜瘤与正常神经组织之间的蛛网膜屏障,是手术的关键,严格地在其间分离使全切除肿瘤成为可能;辨别并保护蛛网膜屏障中的小血管,则是促进术后视力恢复的要点。     

眉弓上锁孔入路治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的分析眉弓上锁孔入路治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析济南军区总医院神经外科2011年3月~2014年4月收治12例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者临床资料,手术均采用眉弓上锁孔入路。结果根据Simpson分级,12例手术中I级切除8例,Ⅱ级4例,术后随访3~18个月,视力均有不同程度恢复。结论锁孔手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤具有创伤小,手术时间短,术后并发症少,恢复快,手术瘢痕小等优点,熟练应用能够提高肿瘤全切率,取得良好疗效。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗方法及其效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年7月显微手术治疗的45例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床治疗,采用单侧额下入路22例,纵裂入路5例,翼点或扩大翼点入路15例,翼点及额下联合入路3例。结果 肿瘤全切除程度:Simpson分级Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级3例;肿瘤全切除率达82.2%。术前合并不同程度视力障碍的37例患者中,术后视力较术前好转27例,无明显变化6例,恶化4例;视力改善率73.0%。结论 鞍结节脑膜瘤周围毗邻重要结构,显微手术是其的主要治疗方法;手术时应根据肿瘤大小、生长方式、视力受损程度及术者习惯等选择不同的入路;熟悉的显微解剖知识、娴熟的显微外科技巧是手术成功的关键。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路及显微手术治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年1月显微手术治疗的46例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,经单侧额下-纵裂入路19例,额外侧入路13例,翼点入路9例,眶上锁孔入路5例。结果 Simpson Ⅰ级切除32例,Ⅱ级切除9例,Ⅲ级切除5例。术后出现短暂尿崩2例,1例经眶上锁孔入路肿瘤切除术后出现脑脊液鼻漏,无死亡病例。全部病人术后随访6~50个月,平均26个月。术前28例视力障碍中,24例视力改善,2例加重,2例失明未恢复。肿瘤复发3例。结论 根据肿瘤部位、大小、生长方式,选择合适的手术入路,以及术中注意保护肿瘤比邻重要结构,是提高鞍结节脑膜瘤手术疗效、减少并发症的关键。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.