原发性高血压病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内-中膜厚度的相关性

目的:原发性高血压病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内-中膜厚度相性性.方法:采用高分辨率超声法对52例高血压病患者无尿微量白蛋白组(无MAU组)28例和高血压病患者合并尿微量白蛋白组(有MAU组)24例的患者,进行颈动脉内-中膜厚度的检测,并与21例健康成人组(正常对照组)进行对照,并进行统计学分析.结果:有MAU组与正常对照组和无MAU组比较,颈动脉内-中膜厚度变化均有统计学意义.与正常对照组[( 0.74±0.24) mm]比较,有MAU组[(1.18±0.27) mm]与无MAU组[(1.00±0.21 )mm],均有极显著性差异(p=0.01);且有MAU组与无MAU组比较,有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:尿微量白蛋白增高的高血压患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度增高,有显著性差异(p＜0.05).     

健康人群中eGFR不是颈动脉内中膜厚度的危险因素

目的:探讨健康人群中伴随增龄的肾功能改变与颈动脉内中膜厚度关系。方法:随机抽取北京市10个社区,按入选标准筛选健康居民1 112例,采用CKD-EPI公式估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR),超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)。分为动脉壁增厚组(CIMT≥0.9 mm)与正常组(CIMT0.9 mm);以及年轻组(65岁)和老年组(≥65岁)。结果:与年轻组比较,老年组收缩压明显升高,e GFR水平明显降低;CIMT明显增厚,颈动脉斑块比例明显增加。与CIMT正常组比较,CIMT增厚组年龄、BMI、SBP、DBP、PP、FBG、TC、TG、LDL、HDL、Scr、BUN及UA水平明显升高,Alb和e GFR水平明显降低。单因素相关分析结果显示CIMT与年龄SBP、DBP、PP、FBG及BUN呈明显正相关,与e GFR呈明显负相关。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、SBP、FBG、Alb是CIMT增厚的独立危险因素,未发现e GFR与CIMT的增厚独立相关。结论:北京健康居民中,增龄性e GFR减退与CIMT增厚未见独立相关;更严格的血压、血糖控制,更好的营养状态可能对于防治健康人群动脉硬化更为重要。     

中老年颈动脉狭窄患者与严重龋病的相关性研究

目的评估中老年颈动脉狭窄患者与龋病是否存在相关性。方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月收治的中老年颈动脉狭窄患者167例。根据龋病损伤程度分为轻度、中度、重度龋病组和无龋病组,对比分析各组的一般临床资料以及炎症指标、狭窄程度以及动脉内膜厚度上有无差异。结果中重度龋病组,即存在牙髓龋和慢性根尖周炎的颈动脉狭窄患者的白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)均显著高于轻度龋病组和无龋病组(P0.05)。无龋病组的颈动脉狭窄程度以轻度为主(P0.001),颈动脉内中膜厚度与龋病程度之间无相关性(P=0.319)。相关性分析显示,在龋病患者中颈动脉狭窄程度评分与IL-6、TNF-α、hsCRP均为正相关(r分别为0.790、0.818、0.791,P0.001)。结论伴随严重龋病的颈动脉狭窄患者中重度狭窄的比例较高,但龋病程度与颈动脉内中膜厚度之间无相关性。     

大鼠糖尿病模型中阴茎白膜超微结构的改变

目的 阐明糖尿病大鼠阴茎白膜超微结构的改变.方法 实验组(DM)链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病的雄性SD大鼠18只,对照组(AMC)年龄相同雄性SD大鼠10只.分别十处理后5、10周测定两组大鼠血糖,并作统计学分析;5周后测量海绵体内压(ICP):两组人鼠于5、10周分别处死半数,取阴茎组织,作电镜观察.结果 处理5、10周后,DM组人鼠血糖水平明显高于AMC,P＜0.01.5周后,DM组ICP明显低于AMC组,P＜0.01.处理周后,DM和AMC阴茎白膜厚度分别为(0.05±0.01)mm和(0.12±0.02)mm;处理10周后DM和AMC阴茎白膜厚度分别为(0.08±0.02)mm和(0.13±0.03)mm.两组分别在5周后和10周后阴茎白膜厚度比较,差异均有统计学意义P＜0.05;另外可见白膜弹性纤维减少,组织紊乱,结构松驰,胶原纤维失去波形等.结论 阴茎白膜超微结构改变可能损害了白膜静脉阻闭功能而导致阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED).     

盆底仿生物电刺激干预治疗薄型子宫内膜患者的冷冻胚胎移植结局

目的观察盆底仿生物电刺激治疗对薄型子宫内膜患者冷冻胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局的影响。方法根据是否接受盆底仿生物电刺激治疗,将107例薄型子宫内膜FET患者分成对照组和观察组,其中对照组40例,采用人工周期进行冻胚移植前内膜准备,观察组67例,在人工周期准备内膜的基础上给予盆底仿生物电刺激干预治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后内膜厚度以及内膜下血流动力学参数、胚胎着床率以及临床妊娠率。结果观察组患者移植日内膜厚度及内膜增长值均高于对照组患者[分别为(9.40±0.67)mm、(8.82±0.83)mm,(3.42±0.94)mm、(2.91±0.74)mm],但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后子宫内膜下血流搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期与舒张期血流速度比值(S/D)均显著高于对照组患者(分别为1.34vs.1.15,0.66vs.0.62及2.62vs.2.55)(P0.05);观察组患者的胚胎着床率及临床妊娠率均显著高于对照组患者(分别为24.46%vs.16.04%及42.79%vs.27.50%)(P0.05);干预治疗5次的患者移植日内膜厚度及内膜增厚值均显著高于干预治疗3次和4次的患者[分别为(9.80±0.04)mm、(8.99±1.34)mm、(8.91±1.26)mm,及(3.02±1.13)mm、(2.63±1.14)mm、(2.57±1.12)mm](P0.05),与干预治疗6次者[分别为(9.04±0.63)mm、(2.71±0.65)mm]比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盆底仿生物电刺激干预治疗能够改善薄型子宫内膜的血流灌注,改善子宫内膜的容受性,提高薄型子宫内膜患者的FET着床率。     

人组织因子途径抑制因子基因转染对移植静脉新生内膜的影响

目的 为减少冠状动脉旁路移植术后移植静脉再狭窄,探讨人组织因子途径抑制因子(tissue factor pathway inhibitor,TFPI)基因转染对移植静脉内膜增生的影响. 方法 构建真核表达质粒pCMV-(Kozak)TFPI.将48只日本大耳白兔随机分为3组,每组16只,即TFPI转染组、空载体对照组和空白对照组.建立颈总动脉旁路移植模型.吻合前,TFPI转染组移植静脉内采用阳离子脂质体pCMV-(Kozak)TFPI(400μg)和腔内加压灌注法(30 min)转染,空载体对照组以空质粒pCMV(400 μg)代替pCMV-(Kozak)TFPI,空白对照组不予干预.术后3 d,用RT-PCR、Westernblot和免疫组织化学法检测外源基因在移植静脉中的表达.术后30 d,血管多普勒测最移植静脉管腔内径和管壁厚度;组织病理标本测量内膜面积和中膜面积,并计算其比值;透射电镜观察移植静脉新生内膜的细胞构成. 结果 TFPI转染组移植静脉中有人TFPI基因mRNA和蛋白表达,两对照组未见表达.TFPI转染组移植静脉管腔内径为(2.68±0.32)mm,大于空载体对照组(2.41±0.23)mm和空白对照组(2.38±0.21)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TFPI转染组管壁厚度为(1.09±0.11)mm,小于空载体对照组(1.28±0.16)mm和空白对照组(1.34±0.14)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).TFPI转染组移植静脉内膜面积和内膜、中膜面积比值分别为(0.62±0.05)mm2及0.51±0.08,均小于两对照组的(0.70±0.05)mm2、0.58±0.06及(0.72±0.04)mm2、0.59±0.08(P＜0.05);中膜面积各组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).透射电镜观察,TFPI转染组移植静脉内膜未见甲滑肌细胞,两对照组均见甲滑肌细胞. 结论 人TFPI基凶转染减少移植静脉内膜增生.     

彩色多普勒超声在检测脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化中的应用价值

目的：探讨分析彩色多普勒超声在检测脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化中的应用价值。方法选择于2011年4月～2013年8月在我院接受治疗45例脑梗死患者设为观察组,45例不存在脑梗死的人群设为对照组,应用彩色多普勒超声检查两组人群是否存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、梗死侧和非梗死侧颈动脉内中膜厚度、斑块的部位、大小及其数目、动脉狭窄程度。结果观察组的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块存在率为84.44%,显著高于对照组的22.22%,两组比较差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义;研究显示颈动脉主要出现在脑梗死一侧,斑块大小及其数量与脑梗死有明显的相关性,颈动脉内中膜厚度、狭窄程度无明显差异。结论颈动脉粥样硬化是引起脑梗死的危险因素之一,预防斑块的形成对避免脑梗死的发生有十分重要的意义;彩色多普勒超声能够及早检查斑块的存在,确定斑块的性质,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

维持性血液透析患者循环内皮细胞与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者循环内皮细胞（CEC）与动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。 方法 选取MHD患者65例、慢性肾脏病4~5期非透析患者（CKD-non-HD）25例和健康对照者24例为研究对象。抽取外周血,多参数流式细胞仪计数CEC数目。用CD3-PerCP和CD146-PE进行标记,确定CD3-CD146+ 的细胞为CEC。检测颈总动脉内中膜厚度（CCA-IMT）及有关临床参数。对CEC与IMT及有关参数进行相关和回归分析。 结果 MHD组透前和CKD-non-HD组CEC数目[（151.52±98.24）和（183.00±81.38）个/ml] 均显著高于健康对照组[（106.50±24.14）个/ml]（分别为P < 0.05和P < 0.01）,但MHD组和CKD-non-HD组间差异无统计学意义。MHD组和CKD-non-HD组CCA-IMT [（0.94±0.36）和（1.02±0.37）mm]均显著高于健康对照组[（0.75±0.15） mm]（分别为P < 0.05和P < 0.01）。MHD组透前血CEC数目和CCA-IMT呈正相关（r = 0.328,P < 0.01）。多元回归分析显示,MHD组CEC是颈动脉IMT的独立危险因素。 结论 CEC是MHD患者AS的独立危险因素,可作为评价MHD患者血管内皮损伤程度的新指标。     

血液透析患者血清铁调素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清铁调素(hepcidin)水平的变化及与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法:选择维持性血液透析患者93例和健康对照组40例为研究对象,采用ELISA法测定hepcidin、IL-6及TNF-α水平,高分辨二维超声对双侧颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)及颈动脉粥样斑块进行测量,分析hepcidin水平与颈动脉病变及炎症因子之间的关系。结果:MHD组患者血清hepcidin水平(139.04±77.91)μg/L显著高于健康对照组(51.13±22.01)μg/L;MHD组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。MHD组IMT值为(1.15±0.21)mm、斑块形成率(59.2%)、颈动脉硬化的患病率(77.6%)均显著高于健康对照组的(0.78±0.28)mm和2.5%与10%(均P0.05)。直线相关分析显示MHD组血清hepcidin水平与CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、IMT及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化率的患病率均呈正相关;与SBP、DBP、年龄亦呈正相关(P0.05或P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,hepcidin、CRP、SBP和年龄是MHD颈动脉病变的独立危险因素。结论:MHD患者血清hepcidin水平显著升高,其可能通过促进CRP、IL-6等炎症因子的产生,参与MHD患者动脉粥样硬化的形成。     

颈动脉斑块、狭窄与早期缺血性脑卒中的关系研究

目的探讨颈动脉斑块、狭窄与早期缺血性脑卒中(IS)的关系。方法回顾性选取2015年1月至2017年1月收治的早期IS患者128例作为早期IS组,同期选取无早期IS患者128例作为对照组,所有患者均给予超声检查颈动脉斑块与狭窄情况,分析颈动脉斑块、狭窄与早期IS的关系。结果单因素结果分析显示,早期IS组和对照组斑块发生率、性质和颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、狭窄程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic多因素分析结果显示,斑块不稳定和颈动脉IMT增厚、重度狭窄是早期IS发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论颈动脉斑块与狭窄与早期IS的发生有关,提示应加强对斑块不稳定和颈动脉IMT增厚、重度狭窄人群的干预,应能够有效预防早期IS。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.