扩张皮瓣注水量与安全性的实验研究

目的 研究不同注水量的扩张皮瓣组织学变化与皮瓣存活率的关系.方法 以中国小型猪为动物模型,实验分为5组:①标准注水组;②超量50％注水组;③超量100％注水组;④不扩张对照组;⑤正常皮肤对照组.每头猪分别在背部两侧共设计4个5 cm×7 em埋植100 ml圆柱形扩张器的手术区域和1个正常皮肤对照区域,测量不同注水量对皮肤和皮瓣存活率的影响,并应用SPSS 13.0软件,行多因素方差分析.结果 随着注水量的增加,皮瓣的存活率亦增加,但超量注水100％后,扩张皮瓣的存活率反而下降.结论 在皮肤软组织扩张术中,适度的超量扩张能提高皮瓣的存活率,增加修复缺损的面积.但注水量超过100％时皮瓣的存活反而下降,影响修复的效果.     

医用丝线排放器的制作与应用

医用丝线是所有外科手术必不可少的医用材料,在手术中用于结扎、缝合等,为使用频率最高、最多的手术材料之一.医用丝线有板线和团线两种,在术中取用板线过程中经过反复抽拉会出现不同型号板线相互混淆或丝线之间相互缠绕、打结,而在添加板线或改变短线长度时,需将覆盖板线的无菌治疗巾掀开,重新整理,步骤繁琐,造成护士使用不便影响手术配合的效率.     

大牵开器辅助下防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折手术技术与疗效

目的:探讨在无牵床下大牵开器辅助维持复位使用防旋股骨近端髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术技术和疗效。方法:自2012年4月至2016年12月采用大牵开器辅助维持复位下PFNA内固定治疗55例股骨转子间骨折患者,男18例,女37例;年龄47～90岁,平均75.65岁;左侧31例,右侧24例。术前患髋疼痛、活动受限,下肢极度外旋畸形或伴有短缩,术前X线片均明确骨折。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术中透视时间,评价髋关节功能。结果:手术时间平均45.35 min,术中出血量平均117.64 ml,术中透视时间平均3.42 min,骨折均复位良好。55例患者术后获得随访,时间12～24个月,平均16.43个月。所有患者骨性愈合,无髋内翻畸形,内固定松动、断裂等并发症。根据Harris髋关节功能评分,优40例,良8例,可5例,差2例。结论:大牵开器辅助维持复位下使用PFNA能固定各型股骨转子间骨折,对手术体位要求简单,设备要求低,手术时间短,创伤小,固定可靠,患者术后恢复好,该手术方式可在无牵引床的基层医院开展。     

皮片翻转器和医用削刮修整器用于腋臭根治的临床研究

目的：探讨在腋臭根治术中如何快速清除皮下组织、顶泌汗腺和大小汗腺。方法：用皮片翻转器[1]翻转皮肤,用医用削刮修整器[2]（图1）削刮清除皮下组织、顶泌汗腺和大小汗腺。结果：用皮片翻转器翻转皮肤,用医用削刮修整器在直视下削刮清除皮下组织、顶泌汗腺和大小汗腺,皮下组织、顶泌汗腺和大小汗腺清除彻底,手术进度快。结论：皮片翻转器和医用削刮修整器是在直视下快速清除皮下组织、顶泌汗腺和大小汗腺的一套很好用的组合器械。     

静脉用药医用计量中转器的设计与应用

自行设计医用计量中转器,既可直接与输血器或输液器相连用于精确计量输注量,又可方便多组药液同时配制、依次输注。应用医用计量中转器提高了临床输血、输液的精准性与安全性,提高工作效率,节约护理人力。     

医用多能吸注套扎器治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔的临床疗效

为探讨医用多能吸注套扎器治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔的临床疗效,将120例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔患者随机分为观察组与对照组,各60例,观察组应用医用多能吸注套扎器进行治疗,对照组应用一次性内痔套扎器治疗,对比两组患者近期总体疗效和术后肛门疼痛、肛门坠胀、尿潴留、出血等并发症情况,以及3年复发率。结果显示,两组患者在术后均无即时性出血,近期治愈率均为100％。两组患者在术后肛门疼痛、肛门坠胀感、尿潴留方面比较差异均无统计学意义,P〉0．05;但在术后出血、橡胶圈脱落后创面愈合时间方面观察组明显优于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,医用多能吸注套扎器集注射、套扎于一体,应用其治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔疗效肯定。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中弧形切割缝合器的应用体会

目的探索弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌(距肛缘4～7cm)保肛手术中的应用价值。方法47例低位直肠癌患者,按TME治疗原则行保肛手术,术中应用弧形切割缝合器行直肠-肛管间切割、闭合。术后随访6～18个月,回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症及局部复发率。结果本组无手术中死亡,术后病理学检查无切端癌残留,无大便失禁,吻合口漏2例,吻合口狭窄4例,局部复发1例,腹壁切口感染2例,盆腔感染1例,术后肿瘤局部复发1例。术后排便功能基本正常,控便能力满意。术后性功能3个月内基本恢复正常。排尿功能恢复时间7～20d(平均9d)。结论在低位直肠癌中应用弧形切割缝合器行保肛手术安全、有效,能获得较好的根治与保留肛门功能效应。     

一种新的腹腔镜用手助器的研制和临床评估

介绍和评估一种新型手助器。该手助器采用整体单件设计，由弹簧基座圈、底圈、瓣膜环、袖套组成。弹簧基座圈与可以允许外科医生辅助手自由进出腹腔的底圈、瓣膜环、袖套相附着，构成一个整体。其特点是：利用内置弹簧产生的机械张力卡紧并密封切口边缘，从而使用简便，临床通用性好，效果可靠；利用瓣膜环与袖套构成的双重阀门控制气腹，在转换辅助手、器械等过程中，可以保持患者气腹不变，避免需要多次制造气腹的缺陷。该手助器充分结合了目前国内外临床上常用的各种手助器的优点。我们临床运用8例的经验表明，其临床应用前景良好。     

手术用腔镜扶持器的制作与应用

腔镜手术（包括腹腔镜、胸腔镜、盆腔镜手术等）属于外科常见的微创手术，具有创伤小、切口美观、患者恢复快等优点。但是手术过程中医务人员需要长时间地扶持腔镜，以保持稳定、清晰的视野，由于疲劳，难免会注意力不集中或手抖动而影响手术的精度，降低手术效果。笔者自行设计制作了一种手术用腔镜扶持器，应用效果较好，介绍如下。     

ALEXIS O‐Ring wound retractor vs conventional wound protection for the prevention of surgical site infections in colorectal resections1

Aim Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a common postoperative morbidity, particularly in colorectal resections, and poses a significant financial burden to the healthcare system. The omission of mechanical bowel preparation, as is performed in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes, appears to further increase the incidence. Various wound protection methods have been devised to reduce the incidence of SSIs. However, there are few randomized controlled trials assessing their efficacy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ALEXIS wound retractors with reinforced O‐rings are superior to conventional wound protection methods in preventing SSIs in colorectal resections. Methodology Patients undergoing elective open colorectal resections via a standardized midline laparotomy were prospectively randomized to either ALEXIS or conventional wound protection in a double‐blinded manner. A sample size of 30 in each arm was determined to detect a reduction of SSI from 20% to 1% with a power of 80%. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain. The operative wound was inspected daily by a specialist wound nurse during admission, and again 30 days postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using spss version 13 with P < 0.05 considered significant. Results Seventy‐two patients were recruited into the study but eight were excluded. There were no SSIs in the ALEXIS study arm (n = 34) but six superficial incisional SSIs (20%) were diagnosed in the control arm (P = 0.006). Postoperative pain score analysis did not demonstrate any difference between the two groups (P = 0.664). Conclusion The ALEXIS wound retractor is more effective in preventing SSI in elective colorectal resections compared with conventional methods.     

自制线性牵引器在免气腹腹腔镜手术中的临床应用

目的:评价自制"线性牵引器"在免气腹腹腔镜手术中应用的可行性及效果。方法:回顾分析2011年2月至2013年6月为32例患者应用自制线性牵引器行免气腹腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中阑尾切除术26例、胆囊切除术6例。结果:32例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹。阑尾切除术手术时间26~69 min,平均(47.19±10.25)min;胆囊切除术为43~102 min,平均(51.09±26.33)min。术后均无手术、心血管、肺部并发症发生,住院3~7 d。结论:应用自制线性牵引器行免气腹腹腔镜手术在技术上是安全、可行的,费用低廉,操作简单,同时避免了气腹对人体的影响,无需复杂的气腹设备,尤其适于在基层医院推广应用。     

经MAST Quadrant通道下微创腰椎融合术近期疗效观察

目的探讨采用MAST Quadrant通道下微创技术行腰椎融合术的方法及疗效。方法对符合行腰椎后路椎间融合术手术指征的45例患者随机分为微创组(MAST Quadrant通道下微创腰椎融合术23例)和开放组(传统技术行后路腰椎融合术22例)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后服止痛药时间、ODI评分、JOA评分等方面的差异。结果手术时间:微创组150～190(167.25±12.72)min,开放组140～180(163.41±13.49)min(P=0.032);术中出血量:微创组210～320(250.50±37.90)ml,开放组500～900(634.09±59.41)ml(P=0.000);术后住院时间:微创组4～9(5.3±1.57)d,开放组10～16(12.91±2.58)d(P=0.000);术后服止痛药时间:微创组3～14(9.05±6.82)d,开放组8～21(15.41±4.90)d(P=0.000)。45例术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获得随访,时间6～20(14.5±4.90)个月。末次随访时ODI评分:微创组5～18(11.25±3.35)分,开放组9～19(13.95±2...     

Feasibility of unilateral hemilaminectomy utilizing a Williams retractor for the resection of intradural-extramedullary spinal neoplasms

BackgroundWhile open approaches have historically been used in the surgical treatment of intradural-extramedullary spine tumors, minimally-invasive surgical (MIS) techniques are frequently applied to minimize post-operative complications associated with open surgery. Tubular retractor systems in particular have been employed in combination with the unilateral hemilaminectomy (UHL) approach. Here we describe the use of a Williams retractor as a safe and effective minimally-invasive alternative to tubular retractor systems with similar post-operative outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a cohort of eight patients who underwent unilateral hemilaminectomy using a Williams retractor for the minimally-invasive resection of intradural-extramedullary neoplasms at a large tertiary academic center from 2017 to 2019. Patient demographics, pathologic specimens, radiographic studies, and intraoperative parameters were collected and analyzed.ResultsIn our series, gross total resection was achieved in all cases. Average operative time was 158 ± 40 minutes, the mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 44.4 ± 30.4 mL, and mean length of stay was three days. All patients reported symptomatic improvement at follow-up as reported by Visual Analog Scale scores.ConclusionA Williams retractor yields similar outcomes with respect to post-operative pain, operative time, and EBL as it maintains the advantages of the UHL approach in the resection of intradural-extramedullary spine tumors while enhancing feasibility and providing significant cost savings.     

A new table-fixed soft tissue retractor for the anterior cervical spinal surgery

Summary Since surgeons sometimes encounter difficulty in keeping self-retaining soft tissue retractors in the proper position for anterior cervical spinal surgery, we have developed a new, simple soft tissue retractor system, which is fixed to the side rails of the operating table via retractor stands. All three joints of the retractor can be tightened simultaneously with a single handle. Each of two retractor blades can keep its position independent of the other thereby maintaining a well-exposed operative field for a long period of time. Fine adjustments of the blade position, after fixation of the retractors, is possible by sliding the head of the blade assembly along the axis of a ratchet mechanism. We have used these retractors in 43 surgical exposures, including 35 for anterior cervical fusion, 2 for posterior thoraco-lumbar decompression, and 6 for carotid endarterectomy. There have been no complications related to tissue damage.     

腹主动脉瘤破裂急诊手术与非破裂择期手术对比分析

目的总结腹主动脉瘤破裂（ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm，RAAA）急诊手术的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析25例RAAA急诊救治过程，并与同期完成的48例择期腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm，AAA）切除术在输血量、ICU住院天数、瘤体最大直径和死亡率等指标分别进行统计分析比较。结果RAAA急诊手术与择期AAA切除术患者比较，围手术期输血量（2980±2712）ml和（580±314）ml；ICU住院天数（6．8±5．7）d和（2．5±1．5）d；手术死亡率32％（8／25）和2．1％（1／48），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；瘤体直径（5．9±1．4）cm和（5．3±1．4）cm者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；术后并发症有：脑卒中、肾功能衰竭、成人呼吸窘迫综合征和消化道出血。结论AAA一经发现，应选择尽早择期手术，合理的抢救措施有助于降低RAAA手术死亡率。     

Development and clinical application of semi-loop-shaped retractor for gasless laparoscopic surgery

Background: Gasless laparoscopy has the advantage of avoiding the risk inherent in pneumoperitoneum, but has not gained widespread popularity because of limited exposure of the operative field. Improved retraction devices are therefore needed. Methods: A loop-shaped metallic retractor was designed for planar lifting of the anterior abdominal wall. Four types of retractor (5/6-, 3/4-, and 1/2-circle with rod at 90°, and 1/2-circle with rod at 97°) were studied in 15 pigs. The device was then used for 47 patients. Results: The 1/2-circle was the most smoothly inserted retractor and was significantly safer than the 5/6-circle (p < 0.05, Fishers exact probability test). The 1/2-circle with rod at 97° was utilized for clinical cases. This retractor can be readied within 1 min and was used successfully for all operations. Conclusions: This new retractor for gasless laparoscopic surgery provides good exposure and has the potential to enhance the performance of advanced laparoscopic surgery.     

Acute surgical admissions for abdominal pain in adults in Kumasi, Ghana

BACKGROUND: Abdominal pain of less than a weeks' duration is the presenting complaint in one of every five patients admitted to the surgical Accidents and Emergency Ward of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi. This study is a prospective one, to determine the cause of abdominal pain in a large number of patients. METHODS: A monthly audit of discharge summaries for all patients admitted with acute abdominal pain was prepared and transferred to a special study pro forma to provide data over the 84-month period from January 1998 to December 2004. RESULTS: There were 3114 patients, 2070 men and 1044 women. The ages ranged from 15 to 95 years. The seven most common causes of the admissions were acute appendicitis 698 (22.4%), typhoid ileal perforation (506) 16.2%, acute intestinal obstruction 391 (12.6%), gastroduodenal perforations 342 (11.0%), non-specific abdominal pain 306 (9.8%), abdominal injures 260 (8.3%) and acute cholecystitis 102 (3.2%). There were 1976 (63.4%) emergency operations. Appendicectomy was a common operation that was carried out (638 cases or 32.3%). Two hundred and thirty patients (7.4%) died. Thirty-five patients died before and 195 after operation. Of these 230 deaths, 110 (47.8%) reported to the hospital after three or more days of illness. Twenty-six per cent and 23.7% of postoperative deaths occurred after emergency colonic resections and closure of gastroduodenal perforations, respectively. CONCLUSION: Acute appendicitis, typhoid ileal perforation, acute intestinal obstruction and gastroduodenal perforations were the leading causes of acute admissions for abdominal pain to our hospital. Late presentation was associated with increased mortality.     

Increased mid‐abdominal circumference is a predictor for surgical wound complications in kidney transplant recipients: A prospective cohort study

Kidney transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing surgical site wound complications due to their immunosuppressed status. We aimed to determine whether increased mid‐abdominal circumference (MAC) is predictive for wound complications in transplant recipients. A prospective study was performed on all kidney transplant recipients from October 2014 to October 2015. “Controls” consisted of kidney transplant recipients without a surgical site wound complication and “cases” consisted of recipients that developed a wound complication. In total, 144 patients underwent kidney transplantation and 107 patients met inclusion criteria. Postoperative wound complications were documented in 28 (26%) patients. Patients that developed a wound complication had a significantly greater MAC, body mass index (BMI), and body weight upon renal transplantation (P<.001, P=.011, and P=.011, respectively). On single and multiple logistic regression analyses, MAC was a significant predictor for developing a surgical wound complication (P=.02). Delayed graft function and a history of preformed anti‐HLA antibodies were also predictive for surgical wound complications (P=.003 and P=.014, respectively). Increased MAC is a significant predictor for surgical wound complications in kidney transplant recipients. Integrating clinical methods for measuring visceral adiposity may be useful for stratifying kidney transplant recipients with an increased risk of a surgical wound complication.