桦木尘诱发微核作用的观察

本文报告了某木材加工厂车间空气中桦木尘浓度为１．２６±０．４１ｍｇ／ｍ３。接触木尘工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率为１．１３±２．８３‰，与对照组（０．５１±１．４１‰）相比有非常显著的差别（Ｐ＜０．０１），微核阳性率为９．６％，也较对照组（４．５％）为高，但无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。用未经蒸煮和烘烤的桦木尘水提取液进行小鼠诱发微核试验，各剂量组微核细胞率均非常显著地高于阴性对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），并有剂量－效应关系（ｒ＝０．９６，Ｐ＜０．００５）。而经蒸煮和烘烤的桦木尘水提取液，则在相同剂量下微核率非常显著地低于未经蒸煮和烘烤的桦木尘水提取液（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示１００℃蒸煮１０小时和８０℃烘烤可降低桦木尘诱发微核的作用。     

椴木尘对外周血微核率和超氧自由基的影响

为了探讨椴木尘的毒性，我们测定了宁波火柴厂以接触椴木尘为主工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率，并用椴木尘浸出液对小鼠进行了微核试验及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平影响的研究。结果表明，接触椴木尘工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），且小鼠微核试验阳性，呈明显的剂量－反应关系；染毒小鼠ＳＯＤ活性及ＬＰＯ水平与对照组相比有显著性变化（Ｐ＜０．０５），并有明显的剂量－反应关系，说明此种椴木尘可能存在一定的毒性     

椴木尘对外周血微核率和超氧自由基的影响

为了探讨森尘的毒性我们了宁波火柴厂以接触椴木尘为主工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率，并有椴木尘浸出液对小鼠进行了微核试验及红细腻超氧化歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平影响的研究，结果表明，接触椴木尘工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），且小鼠微核试验阳性，呈明显的剂量－反应关系，当毒小鼠ＳＯＤ活性及ＬＰＯ水平与对照组相比有显著性变化（Ｐ〈０．０５），     

石油加工作业人员染色体畸变和微核形成的观察

对某石油化工厂沥青岗位工人４３人、催化常减压岗位工人１６６人和对照组１３４人，进行了外周血淋巴细胞染色体、淋巴细胞微核、口腔粘膜微核观察。其结果为：沥青组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变细胞率（为０．５３％），染色体畸变率（为０．７７％），均高于对照组（０．０７％，０．０７％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（０．０８％，０．１１％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；沥青组外周血淋巴细胞微核人员出现率（７０．４５％）和平均微核细胞率（１．２‰）高于对照组（４．５％，０．０４‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（２５．７０％，０．３２‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１），且催化常减压组亦显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；沥青组口腔粘膜细胞微核人员出现率（２９．５４％）和平均微核细胞率（０．２７‰）显著高于对照组（５．２％，０．０４‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（１０．２４％，０．０７％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。可见，从事石油加工作业人员，无论是沥青还是催化常减压组，其细胞遗传物质在不同程度上均受到损伤。     

烟草工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害的卫生学调查

对３０２名接触烟草粉尘工人与３２３名对照工人进行了肺功能检测．结果表明．接尘组工人肺功能各项指标（ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ（５０）、Ｖ（２５））的实测值占预计值百分比均较对照组为低；肺功能损害随累积接尘量增加而加重（Ｐ＜０．０１），肺功能异常率则随累积接尘量增加而增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

某烟叶复烤厂接尘工人肺功能配对研究

本文分析对烟叶复烤厂１１４名接尘工人（接尘组）、６１名调离粉尘作业工人（调离组）与对照工人（对照组）进行了肺功能的配对比较分析，结果表明：不论是接尘组，还是调离组，ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ与Ｖ５０等肺功能指标的实测值、实测值占预计值的百分比均较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）；异常率则明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。多因素分析结果表明，累积接尘量与接尘工龄是影响接尘工人肺功能下降的     

广东省2867例尘肺死亡病例分析

作者对广东省２８６７例尘肺死亡病例进行研究分析。结果显示：接尘工龄长短与尘肺死亡年龄呈密切相关（ｒ＝０．３６７８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。在不同接尘工龄组中，接尘工龄越短，尘肺患者的平均死亡年龄越低（Ｆ值＝７１．２７＞Ｆ０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着年代发展，尘肺的平均死亡年龄逐渐增高（Ｆ值＝２３２．８７＞Ｆ０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明机体对粉尘反应的敏感程度有明显个体差异。为及时发现尘肺易感人群，应加强接尘工人的健康监护工作。     

皮毛加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害的关系

对２１２名接触皮毛粉尘工人与２０７名对照工人进行了肺功能检测。并对累积接尘量与肺功能损害的关系进行了分析。结果表明，接尘组肺功能各项指标（ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５）的实测值占预计值％均较对照组为低。肺功能损害随累积接尘量的增加而加重（Ｐ＜０．０１），肺功能异常率则随累积接尘量增加而增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。多因素分析表明，接尘是影响肺功能下降的主要因素，吸烟也与肺功能呈负相关关系。皮毛粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害呈明显的接触水平－反应关系。据此本文推荐了皮毛粉尘的接触限值。     

铸钢和铸铁接尘工人肺功能损害的配对分析

本文按配对设计的原则，严格控制年龄、身高、吸烟量、接尘量等因素，分别对５２名铸钢和铸铁接尘工人进行了肺功能的比较分析，结果表明铸钢接尘工人的ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ_（１．０）、ＦＥＦ_（２５～７５）、Ｖ_（７５）、Ｖ_（５０）、Ｖ_（２５）等肺功能指标均低于铸铁接尘工人，ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ_（１．０）有显著意义的差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）；相同接尘工龄、相同累计接尘量的配对结果，尘龄小于２０年或累计接尘量小于５００毫克·年时，两组肺功能损害未见差别（Ｐ＞０．０５），当尘龄大于２０年或累计接尘量大于５００毫克·年时，铸钢接尘工人肺功能各项指标明显低于铸铁接尘工人（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

接触低剂量铬工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的研究

对郑州某纺织机械厂铬接触工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率进行了测定，结果表明在作业环境铬酸雾浓度不超标（Ｘ＝０．０３ｍｇ／ｍ３）的情况下，观察组淋巴细胞微核率比对照组明显升高，差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），工龄６年以上工人的淋巴细胞微核率显著高于对照组，差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），接触工人中尿铬超标组的淋巴细胞微核率亦显著高于尿铬正常组，差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示长期低剂量铬接触，可造成人体遗传物质的明显损害。     

椴木尘的遗传毒性初探

目的　探讨椴木尘的遗传毒性。方法　检测某火柴厂以接触椴木尘为主的工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率。用椴木尘浸出液对小鼠进行了微核、单细胞电泳试验和肝组织活性氧自由基的检测及脂质过氧化水平 [丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ]、红细胞超氧化歧化酶活力 (SOD)的测定。结果　工龄为0～、5～、≥ 10年的接触椴木尘工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率分别为 5 0 .0 %、5 1.9%、5 0 .0 %,与对照组 (4 .5 %)相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;椴木尘浸出液染毒小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率也呈明显的剂量 -反应关系 (r=0 .78,P <0 .0 1)。染毒小鼠的SOD活力 [(10 .98± 5 .74)、(15 .70± 7.5 4)、(2 9.6 3± 14.97) μg/gHb]及MDA含量 [(4 .93± 0 .90 )、(4 .6 1± 1.0 6 )、(4 .33± 0 .6 9)mmol/g肝 ]与对照组[(35 .80± 12 .92 ) μg/gHb、(2 .5 1± 0 .34 )mmol/g肝 ]相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并有明显的剂量 -反应关系 (SOD活力 :r=- 0 .6 7,P <0 .0 1;MDA含量 :r =0 .6 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。染毒小鼠肝细胞的单细胞电泳结果显示 ,随着染毒剂量的升高 ,DNA链的断裂有增高的趋势 ;肝组织中的活性氧自由基的信号也有随染毒剂量的升高而增高的趋势。结论　椴木尘可能存在一定的遗传毒性。     

2-methylanthraquinone as a marker of occupational exposure to teak wood dust in boatyards

A new gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed to detect 2-methylanthraquinone (2-MeA) in wood dust. 2-MeA is present in teak wood (a suspected human carcinogen) but not in oak, beech, mahogany, birch, ash or pine. The method involved collection of workplace dust on filters and extraction of 2-MeA with methanol and GC/MS analysis. The method was tested on teak wood dust samples (n = 43) collected on polyvinylchloride membrane filters during various work operations in four small factories making furniture and fittings for leisure craft and boatyards (air teak wood dust concentration: range 0.32-14.32 mg m(-3)). A high correlation coefficient for the content of 2-MeA versus teak dust was obtained (logarithmic correlation: y = 1.5308x + 0.0998, r = 0.9215). Determination of airborne 2-MeA is a useful technique to confirm occupational exposure to teak wood dust.     

Inhibition of the Growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium tamarense</Emphasis> by Algicidal Substances in Chinese Fir (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cunninghamia lanceolata</Emphasis>)

The wood sawdust from Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) exhibited stronger inhibition on the growth of Alexandrium tamarense than those from alder (Alnus cremastogyne), pine (Pinus massoniana), birch (Betula alnoides) and sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum). The water extract, acetone-water extract and essential oil from fir sawdust were all shown to inhibit the growth of A. tamarense. The inhibition of fir essential oil was the strongest among all the above wood sources while the half effective concentration was only 0.65 mg/L. These results suggested that the fir essential oil may play an important role in the algicidal effect of Chinese fir.     

职业接触粉尘及吸烟对死亡影响的前瞻性队列研究

目的 研究接尘和吸烟对死亡的影响。方法 以1989－1992年广州实施并建立的职工职业健康监护档案为基础资料，选年龄≥30岁的接尘工人和无任何粉尘及其他有害物质接触的职工（对照组）61648名为研究对象，进行前瞻性队列研究。结果 （1）队列失访28例，死亡1186例，以恶性肿瘤死亡为主；（2）本队列男性多于女性，年龄35－44岁，主要为工人，中学文化，已婚，率42．2％，饮酒率32．8％；（3）调整相应混杂因素后，全死因、恶性肿瘤和呼吸系疾病死亡接尘者相对危险度（RR）分别为1．24、1．34和1．96，与对照组比较，差异均有显著性（P＜0．01），吸烟者RR分别为1．16、1．37和1．63，与不吸烟者比，前二者差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；既接尘又吸烟者上述相应死因死亡1RR分别为1．48、1．85和3．12，明显高于单纯接尘或单纯吸烟者，差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；（4）接尘对死亡的影响主要表现在职业接触矽尘和木尘。结论 接尘与吸烟均可致死亡危险性增加，并存在协同作用。     

木尘诱发体外培养CHL细胞微核效应观察

本研究采用体外培养ＣＨＬ细胞微核试验方法，对成都市木材综合加工厂混合木尘进行了诱变性研究。分别选用木尘悬液及木尘有机提取液作为受试物。实验发现，两种受试物在－Ｓ９或＋Ｓ９实验条件下均能诱发ＣＨＬ细胞的微核细胞率显著升高，且有较明显的剂量反应关系。实验结果表明该混合木尘具诱变性。     

Exposure to wood dust in a group of carpentry craftsmen in secondary wood processing

In order to evaluate the risk connected with wood dust exposure in millwork on a group of 13 craft industries, 74 area dust samplings and 74 personal dust samplings were made. In personal samplings both the total portion and the respirable fraction were calculated. Area samplings showed dust levels (average, standard deviation, fiducial limit, FLS95%) under ACGIH TLV-TWA for soft wood dust: TLV-TWA for hard wood was basically reached, and OTL levels gave evidence for high risk of exceeding TLV-TWA in the medium-long term. The exposure levels by personal samplings (average, standard deviation, fiducial limit, FLS95%) were clearly over TLV-TWA, both for hard woods and, although less clear, for soft woods. OTL levels gave evidence for a frankly unacceptable exposure condition in the medium-long term. Differences between average levels of total dust exposure (2.5 mg/m3) and respirable portion (2.3 mg/m3) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) as well as the differences among the 4 groups of companies with homogeneous product activity (p > 0.05). In consideration of toxicological peculiarity of wood dust and carcinogenicity of wood manufacture as exposure circumstances classified in group 1 by IARC, the results show the need for prevention measures to reduce workers' exposure risk, by means of environmental improvement and better work organization, technological structures, individual attitudes and personal protection.     

Monoterpene and wood dust exposures: work-related symptoms among Finnish sawmill workers.

BACKGROUND: Monoterpenes and wood dust are released into the work environment during sawing of fresh wood. Symptoms related to exposure to monoterpenes and wood dust include irritation of the eyes, mucous membrane, and skin. METHODS: We studied 22 sawhouse workers who process pine and spruce in 1997-99. Exposure to monoterpenes was assessed by determining monoterpenes in air and verbenols in urine by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. Wood dust was determined gravimetrically. A questionnaire was used to evaluate work-related subjective symptoms. RESULTS: Exposures to monoterpenes (geometric mean, GM) among sawhouse workers were 61-138 mg/m(3) and 2.0-13 mg/m(3) during processing of pine and spruce, respectively. Urinary verbenol correlated well with worker exposure to the alpha-pinene fraction of monoterpenes. The inhalable dust concentration in the breathing zone was 0.5- 2.2 mg/m(3) during pine processing and 0.4-1.9 mg/m(3) during spruce processing. The prevalence of symptoms, in the eyes or respiratory tract, was high during both seasons and in connection with either tree species. CONCLUSIONS: The highest monoterpene concentration (GM), in the breathing zone, measured during processing of pine, was less than one-fourth of the Finnish occupational exposure limit (OEL, 570 mg/m(3)). Verbenol concentrations in postshift urine samples reflected accurately the exposure to monoterpenes. The concentrations of inhalable dust (GM) were less than one-half the Finnish OEL (5 mg/m(3)). No significant differences in dust exposure were observed among tree species processed. Work-related symptoms appeared to correlate with monoterpene exposure during processing of pine and with wood dust exposure during processing of spruce.     

铝电解车间粉尘有机提取物及其组分遗传毒性的研究

采用化学分离与体外微核试验，姐妹染色单体交换试验的方法，研究了铝电解车间粉尘有机提取物及其５个组分的遗传毒性。结果表明粉尘有机提取的及其有机酸，多环芳烃，极性化合物可使微核率和ＳＣＥ率显著增高，并有一定的剂量－反应关系。     

Determinants of exposure to inhalable particulate, wood dust, resin acids, and monoterpenes in a lumber mill environment.

In a lumber mill in the northern inland region of British Columbia, Canada, we measured inhalable particulate, resin acid, and monoterpene exposures, and estimated wood dust exposures. Potential determinants of exposure were documented concurrently, including weather conditions, tree species, wood conditions, jobs, tasks, equipment used, and certain control measures. Over 220 personal samples were taken for each contaminant. Geometric mean concentrations were 0.98 mg/m3 for inhalable particulate, 0.49 mg/m3 for estimated wood dust, 8.04 micrograms/m3 for total resin acids, and 1.11 mg/m3 for total monoterpenes. Multiple regression models for all contaminants indicated that spruce and pine produced higher exposures than alpine fir or mixed tree species, cleaning up sawdust increased exposures, and personnel enclosure was an effective means of reducing exposures. Sawing wood in the primary breakdown areas of the mill was the main contributor to monoterpene exposures, so exposures were highest for the barker operator, the head rig operator, the canter operator, the board edgers, and a roving utility worker in the sawmill, and lowest in the planer mills (after kiln drying of the lumber) and yard. Cleaning up sawdust, planing kiln-dried lumber, and driving mobile equipment in the yard substantially increased exposures to both inhalable particulate and estimated wood dust. Jobs at the front end of the sawmill where primary breakdown of the logs takes place had lower exposures. Resin acid exposures followed a similar pattern, except that yard driving jobs did not increase exposures.     

某企业放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率检查结果

目的调查某企业放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率,为企业职业卫生防护及职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法以企业接触放射线124例工作人员(包括企业医院X线诊断)为接触组,未接触放射线的企业机关和医务人员87人为对照组;采用人淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核试验(CB-MNT)检测两组的细胞微核率,用χ2检验对两组不同工种、不同工龄和吸烟人群细胞微核率进行统计分析。结果 X射线和同位素接触组与对照组细胞微核率相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.01和P0.05);不同工种、不同工龄组与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);吸烟组与不吸烟组细胞微核率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论该企业放射工作对从业人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率有影响;吸烟是淋巴细胞微核发生率的危险因素之—。