军训伤致膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征

目的：总结23例，26膝军训所致膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征的诊疗体会。方法：对该疾患采用关节镜下剪除或联合小切口手术切除病变皱襞。结果：23例中20例22膝随诊6个月－1年，其中优18膝，良3膝，可1膝，优良率为95．4％，结论：认为关节镜可以确诊，关节镜下或联合小切口手术切除病变皱襞是治疗的有效方法。     

联合切口隆乳术

乳房假体隆乳术通常选用腋窝横皱襞、乳晕缘、乳房下皱襞及脐窝切口 ,各有优缺点。我们在总结各种切口优点的基础上设计腋窝横皱襞切口联合乳房下皱襞小切口 (以下简称联合切口 ) ,并运用肿胀麻醉技术 ,在局麻下完成腋窝入路隆乳术。自 1999年以来 ,我们先后用此方法完成 32例小乳者的隆乳术 ,取得良好的手术效果。1　临床资料本组 32例女性均为双侧先天性小乳或哺乳后乳房萎缩者 ,年龄 2 2～ 32岁。选用 180～ 2 6 0ｍｌ容积的假体 ,其中半球型 2 6对 ,解剖型 (泪滴型 ) 6对。2　手术方法2 .1　手术设计　平卧位 ,双上肢外展 90°。在双侧…     

关节镜清理术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效分析

目的膝关节骨性关节炎常规治疗效果不满意,探讨一种早中期有效的治疗方法。方法本组共42例50膝,男12例,女30例,年龄46～75岁,根据X-ray分为早、中、晚3期,其中早期12膝,中期30膝,晚期8膝,关节镜操作分别采用AL、AM入路,镜下进行粘膜韧带切除,充血肥厚滑膜切除,髌骨上下缘及股骨髁边缘骨赘打磨,游离体取出,变性滑膜皱襞切除,软骨刨削成形,半月板毛糙边缘的修整。结果显效26膝,占52%;好转18膝,占36%;无效6膝,占12%,有效率为88%。结论关节镜清理术是一种"修理"性质的手术,具有切口小,对关节的干预小,更符合关节的生理要求,适合早中期骨性关节炎患者,晚期效果不满意。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的微创治疗

目的探讨单独或联合关节镜微创手术对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的诊断和治疗价值。方法2002年1月～2006年4月，对38例关节镜下诊断膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎（其中5例为院外手术后复发病例）常规行滑膜切除术，囊外病灶较大者辅助小切口开放手术完整切除病灶。样本全部送病理检查。术后常规放置引流管、局部冰敷和按计划功能锻炼。结果38例均为单膝手术，关节镜下滑膜明显增生呈特征性棕黄色，术后病理确诊，其中局灶性病灶20例，弥漫性滑膜炎18例；6例胭窝部位病灶较大而辅助开放手术。术前国际膝关节评分委员会（IKDC）膝关节功能主观评分为（60．4±6．1）分，术后1年时评分为（89．3±7．2）分。38例随访1～4年（平均2．1年），症状无复发，除2例院外开放手术后复发病例膝关节屈曲仅90。外，其余患者屈伸功能正常。结论关节镜手术对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎具有较高的诊断价值，还可非常有效地处理关节内病变，对囊外病灶较大时应辅助小切口开放手术完整切除病灶以避免症状复发。     

关节镜下治疗内侧滑膜皱襞综合征

目的探讨关节镜下治疗内侧滑膜皱襞综合征方法及疗效。方法对47例(54膝)内侧滑膜皱襞综合征,术前确诊31膝,术中确诊23膝,行关节镜下内侧滑膜皱襞切除术。结果本组术前症状完全消失,术后疗效评价,优41例,良6例。本组无一例症状复发。治愈率100%。结论关节镜下内侧滑膜皱襞切除术是治疗内侧滑膜皱襞综合征较好的方法。其具有损伤小、恢复快、疗效佳等优点。     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征为主的膝关节内紊乱

目的:通过临床病例观察,探讨膝内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的诊断、类型及与半月板损伤、软骨损害的关系,分析膝内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的特点及在骨性关节炎发病中所起的作用。方法:关节镜下治疗内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者48例(53膝),其中男13例(13膝),女35例(40膝);年龄16~71岁,平均56岁;病程1个月~10年,平均26个月。48例于关节镜直视下观察并手术切除滑膜皱襞,处理相应病变。采用Lysholm膝关节量表记分法评价疗效。观察症状体征与实际病损的关系,计算术前与术中诊断的符合率。关节镜下观察症状性滑膜皱襞的部位、性状、分型及软骨磨损的部位和分级,分析增生的滑膜皱襞与半月板损伤、软骨损害的关系。对术前后Lysholm评分采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计学处理。结果:常见的软骨缺损有股骨内髁内侧的沟槽状缺损及股骨内侧滑车的类圆形缺损。软骨退变以股骨内髁非负重区为主,占总数的54.29%;以股骨滑车内侧次之,占40.00%;以髌骨内侧关节面为主的缺损居第3位,占5.71%。术后48例53膝均获随访,随访时间17个月~4年,平均28个月。Lysholm膝关节评分:术前平均(41.00±7.03)分,术后平均(85.00±8.01)分(t=-26.17,P<0.001),证明关节镜治疗效果显著。本组优(>90分)12膝,良(80~90分)37膝,可(70~79分)4膝,优良率92.45%,无复发及二次手术者。结论:通过关节镜下特征性改变可以对内侧滑膜皱襞综合征做出明确诊断,股骨内髁及滑车软骨的沟槽状及类圆形磨损是2种典型的皱襞引起的软骨缺损。镜下切除滑膜皱襞疗效满意,对防止软骨进一步损害有积极的意义。     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂的诊断及治疗

目的 :讨论髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂的诊断及治疗方法。方法 :698例关节镜检查中髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂者 34例 ,占 4 % ,均在局麻关节镜下行撕裂的滑膜皱襞切除术 ,术后在髌内侧滑膜皱襞的对应处用绷带加压包扎 2～ 3d。结果 :术后随访 2～ 1 0年 ,由髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂引起的疼痛均消失 ,膝关节功能恢复正常。结论 :关节镜下切除撕裂的髌内侧滑膜皱襞创伤小 ,恢复快 ,效果好     

关节镜下内引流联合囊壁切除治疗腘窝囊肿

[目的]通过与镜下单纯内引流相比较,评价关节镜下内引流联合囊壁切除治疗腘窝囊肿的早期临床疗效。[方法] 2015年1月～2018年12月,腘窝囊肿83例患者(95膝)随机分为两组。其中,42例(49膝)采用单纯关节镜下切除关节腔与囊肿间活瓣建立内引流;41例(46膝)采用关节镜下活瓣切除内引流,联合囊壁切除术。比较两组围手术期、随访与超声检查资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术,术中均未发生血管、神经损伤等严重并发症。内引流组的手术时间显著短于引流切除组(P0.05)。内引流组5例患者出现内侧切口渗液,引流切除组所有患者切口愈合良好。随时间推移,两组患者VAS评分显著减少,而Lysholm评分显著增加(P0.05)。两组患者术后1、3、7 d的VAS评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但术后1个月和末次随访时,引流切除组的Lysholm评分均显著优内引流组(P0.05)。末次随访时腘窝超声检查显示残余囊肿,内引流组为15例(30.61%),引流切除组为2例(4.34%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]关节镜下活瓣切除内引流联合囊壁切除治疗腘窝囊肿近期临床效果优于单纯活瓣切除内引流。     

关节镜下和/或切开治疗膝关节弥漫型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下和/或切开手术辅以术后关节外放疗治疗膝关节弥漫型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(pigmented villonodular synovitis,PVNS)的方法和疗效。方法 2000年9月-2010年8月,收治97例单膝弥漫型PVNS。男38例,女59例;年龄8～75岁,中位年龄33岁。病程1周～30年;复发患者10例。左膝52例,右膝45例。术前膝关节伸直(1.9±2.3)°,屈曲(122.9±5.6)°;Lysholm膝关节评分为(43.2±6.7)分,国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分为(53.2±5.7)分。根据是否合并关节外病变及病变部位,82例采用关节镜下关节前后病变滑膜切除术,3例采用关节镜下关节内病变滑膜切除联合小切口切除关节外病灶,9例采用关节镜下关节内病变滑膜切除及后方关节外软组织内病灶切除术,3例分期切除病灶并植骨。术后76例接受关节外放疗。结果术中1例损伤腘动脉,3例损伤腘静脉分支;术后3 d 1例膝关节血肿形成。其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经损伤等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间1年3个月～11年2个月,中位时间61个月。89例患者随访期间无复发,术后15个月膝关节伸直(0.2±1.3)°,屈曲(135.9±6.6)°,Lysholm膝关节评分为(89.8±5.8)分,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(87.8±5.8)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。8例于术后6个月～8年复发,再次手术后患者膝关节轻度活动受限,无疼痛、肿胀。结论根据膝关节病变范围及程度,选择关节镜下和/或切开手术辅以关节外放疗治疗膝关节弥漫型PVNS可取得较好疗效。术后未接受正规放疗是复发重要因素之一,复发者病变易导致骨质破坏。     

青少年滑膜皱襞综合征的临床治疗

目的探讨青少年滑膜皱襞综合征的临床诊断及关节镜治疗的有效性。方法笔者自2012-03—2016-10诊治年龄18周岁的40例(46膝)滑膜皱襞综合征。关节镜下行滑膜皱襞完整清除,并给予关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠配合治疗。结果术后1例延迟愈合,余患膝均达到一期愈合,无感染及其他并发症。37例获得随访3个月~2年,平均13.8个月。术后3个月疗效按照Lysholm评分评定:优23例,良10例,可3例,差1例,优良率89.2%。结论关节镜下对于诊断与治疗青少年滑膜皱襞综合征效果明显。     

Repair of peripheral meniscal tears: open versus arthroscopic technique

Tears in the peripheral vascular zone of 71 menisci in 68 knees were repaired by us from 1978 to 1986. The meniscus repair was done by open arthrotomy in 26 cases and by arthroscopic techniques in 45 cases. We have assessed the relative efficacies of open and arthroscopic repair techniques. The results were compared in knees with and without anterior cruciate laxity. The indications for meniscal repair included unstable peripheral detachments and longitudinal tears of the outer third of the meniscus. Open repair was performed by a posteromedial arthrotomy incision. Arthroscopic repair was done using the double-lumen guide system with a limited posterior incision for retrieval of needles. We have found that the arthroscopic technique is easier to perform than the open repair because some tears are too far inside the rim to lend themselves to open suture. The average follow-up is 4 years, 2 months, with a range of 2-10 years. There have been no neurologic or vascular injuries from either technique. Twenty-five patients have had a repeat arthroscopy. The overall failure rate was 9.8%. The difference between the failure rate of 11% in the open-repair group and 8.8% in the arthroscopic repair group was not statistically significant. The failure rate in anterior cruciate-stable knees was 8% versus a 13% failure in cruciate-deficient knees. We conclude that both open and arthroscopic meniscus repair techniques are safe and effective with few complications in both stable and unstable knees. Anterior cruciate ligament stability is ideal, but it is not mandatory for a successful result.     

322例次膝关节Parker-Pearson针滑膜活检临床分析

目的探讨Parker-Pearson针滑膜活检的应用价值及影响其活检效果的因素。方法 295例关节病或系统性疾病伴膝关节病变患者行膝关节Parker-Pearson针滑膜活检,光镜下测量合格滑膜总面积并结合H&E染色评估Krenn’s滑膜炎积分。有效活检定义为活检到合格滑膜。高效活检定义为至少3块合格滑膜,合格滑膜总面积≥2.5mm2。结果共行322例次滑膜活检,有效活检率为85%,高效活检率为63%,有效活检的合格滑膜总面积中位数为5.3mm2,合格滑膜中位数为5块。25例次重复滑膜活检的有效活检率为84%。5例滑膜见尿酸盐结晶,1例滑膜见草酸钙结晶,1例滑膜病理见结核样结节及坏死。病理呈高度滑膜炎(n=97)的患者高效活检率为89%,与低度滑膜炎者的活检率67%间有统计学差异(n=176,67%,χ2=15.469,P<0.01)。受检膝关节肿胀伴压痛的患者有效活检率为89%,与无肿胀有压痛患者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.458,P<0.05),或与无肿胀、无压痛患者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.906,P<0.01)。结论膝关节Parker-Pearson针滑膜活检获取的合格滑膜可满足临床滑膜病理学检查及科研需要,其中病理滑膜炎程度及受检关节肿胀程度是影响活检效果的主要因素。     

Arthroscopic findings of the rheumatoid knee mode of cartilage changes and synovial proliferation in contrast to plain X-ray findings

To establish a more objective evaluation of the arthroscopic findings in knees affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the degrees of synovial proliferation and cartilage change were classified semiquantitatively. In 73 knees out of 41 cases with RA, the joint surface was divided into 6 regions. The cartilage changes and synovial proliferation at each region was classified into 5 ranks. Plain X-ray findings were evaluated by Larsen's grading system. The cartilage changes found by arthroscopy were more advanced than expected from the radiographical findings. Also, plain radiographical films did not accurately show the degree of synovial proliferation. In cases with Larsen grade III or below, the lateral compartment of the knee, in particular, the lateral meniscus often demonstrated advanced cartilage changes. In cases with Larsen grade IV or above, cartilage loss was uniformly noted in all 6 regions. Advanced cartilage changes were found mostly medially in knees with genu varum and laterally in knees with genu valgum, and were related to the femoro-tibial angle. Advanced synovial proliferation was mostly seen in the lateral gutter regions and the periphery of the menisci regardless of alignment.     

Tissue response to carbon-reinforced polyethylene

There has been clinical concern about the gray discoloration in synovial tissue adjacent to carbon-reinforced polyethylene total joint implants. To evaluate the pathologic response of the synovium to this material, synovial specimens from 11 total ankle cases with carbon-reinforced tibial components and two synovial specimens from cases with standard polyethylene tibial components were studied by gross and histologic techniques. Polyethylene debris was found to produce a significant synovial reaction with histiocytes and foreign body giant cells. This was found in both the carbon-reinforced cases and in those cases without carbon-reinforced components. This reaction is also seen in revisions of total hips and total knees in which standard polyethylene components have been implanted. In contrast with this, carbon particles produced only a minimal reaction in the synovial tissue. Carbon appears to be an extremely benign implant material, and synovial discoloration from shed carbon fibrils does not appear to present a significant clinical problem.     

重组合异种骨加钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨重组合异种骨植骨加钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效. 方法 2001年6月～2003年3月,采用切开复位、重组合异种骨植骨加支持钢板(T型或L型)内固定,治疗胫骨平台骨折32例.男20例,女12例,年龄18～69岁,平均38岁.交通伤23例,坠落伤5例,砸伤4例,均为新鲜闭合性骨折.受伤至手术时间2～7天.术中植骨量2～6 g. 结果全部患者经9～23个月随访,胫骨平台骨折愈合良好,未见关节面下陷,重组合异种骨未见移动、吸收.按Pasmussen评分标准,优16例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率达87.5%. 结论重组合异种骨植骨加支持钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折效果良好,避免了取髂骨植骨及其并发症的发生.     

Arthroscopic Treatment of Patellar Clunk and Synovial Hyperplasia After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Patellofemoral pain, crepitus, and locking are infrequent symptoms after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We performed a retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent arthroscopic debridement after primary TKA to treat the patellar clunk syndrome (15 knees) or patellofemoral synovial hyperplasia (10 knees). After surgery, patient-reported knee pain and crepitus as well as Knee Society knee and function scores improved in both groups. Postoperative knee range of motion remained unchanged. Arthroscopic debridement of symptomatic patellofemoral synovium after TKA is a safe and effective procedure.     

Acute effect of open joint wounds on articular cartilage and synovium in rabbits

Open joint wounds were made in immature and mature rabbit knees by surgical arthrotomy. The wounds of the right knees were packed open for 5 days and the left knee wounds were closed primarily. The biochemical studies were selected to determine the effect of our treatment regimen on changes in the metabolism of articular cartilage and synovium. Neither closed nor open treatment produced significant changes in enzyme activities measured in the articular cartilage as compared to the controls in either immature or mature rabbits. Most of the synovial enzymes were elevated in the injured joints. There were, however, no significant differences in enzyme activity between the joints treated by either open or closed methods. Our findings suggest that short-term open treatment wounds does not cause matrix degradation in the cartilage nor affect the synovium more than simple arthrotomy.     

关节镜微创治疗踝关节撞击综合征的疗效

目的探讨关节镜微创手术治疗踝关节撞击综合征的疗效。方法关节镜手术治疗踝关节撞击综合征46例,男32例,女14例,平均年龄24岁（18-32岁）。左踝20例,右踝26例。运动员及体育爱好者16例,军人15例,学生11例,舞蹈演员4例。前踝撞击综合征37例,后踝撞击综合征9例。关节镜下行前后踝或距骨骨赘磨削,刨削清理增生肥厚的纤维瘢痕和滑膜组织,清除退变剥脱的软骨碎屑。结果术后得到随访41例,失访5例。平均随访3．5年（2．5～7．6年）。46例患者中,37例踝关节疼痛肿胀消失、背伸跖屈活动度正常、功能恢复到伤前水平,4例踝关节背伸活动轻度受限,活动后肿胀疼痛。踝关节间隙无变窄。根据踝关节疗效评定标准川进行疗效评估,优70．7％（29例）,良17．1％（7例）,可12．2％（5例）,优良率87．8％。结论关节镜下微创手术治疗踝关节撞击综合征,操作简便,安全有效,创伤小,痛苦少,术后功能恢复快。     

Arthroscopic studies of variants of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus

The objective of this study was to arthroscopically analyse the morphology and dynamics of variants of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus of the knee (VAMM) and to then consider the pathological significance of these variants. VAMM was defined as knees in which the anterior horn of the medial meniscus is not attached to the tibia. Between April 1992 and March 1995, arthroscopy was performed on 953 knees of 903 patients. At the time of this examination, observation and probing were performed to determine the condition of the synovium, the synovial plica, the cartilage in all compartments, the meniscus, the cruciate ligaments, and the popliteal tendon. In particular, detailed examination was made of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus with regard to the point of insertion to the tibia and the degree of movement in knee flexion/ extension. Cases of VAMM diagnosed on the basis of the arthroscopic findings were classified into the following four categories: the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) type, where the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the ACL; the transverse ligament type, where the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the transverse ligament; the coronary ligament type, where the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the coronary ligament; and the infrapatellar fold type, where the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the infrapatellar synovial fold. These patients were then analyzed with regard to the arthroscopic findings and the intra-articular lesions other than VAMM. In 98 (10.9%) of the total patients, 103 knees were classified as VAMM. Classification of those 103 knees using the above criteria showed 39 ACL type knees, 51 transverse ligament type knees, 11 coronary ligament type knees, and 2 infrapatellar fold type knees. The arthroscopic findings indicated that the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was not attached directly to the tibia in any of these knees. Probing and flexion/extension of the knee revealed hypermobility at the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. In this study, anterior knee pain syndrome was diagnosed in 12 (11.7%) of the 103 VAMM knees. In addition, there was no clear history of trauma in 20 of 23 knees found to have an isolated medial meniscus tear. In these cases, even detailed arthroscopic observation proved the causes of the symptoms or injury. On the basis of these findings, we surmised that the anterior portion shows hypermobility at the time of flexion/extension of the knee, regardless of the type of VAMM. In this study, we discussed the possibility that the existence of VAMM may become the cause of pain or injury to the meniscus.