红江橙果实与叶片变异的初步研究

“红江橙”是甜橙(Citrus sinersis(L.)Osbeck)与桔(Citrus reticulata Blanco)的嫁接嵌合体。出现橙型红肉果、橙型红黄肉嵌合果、嵌合桔变果三种变异类型的果实。另外还出现橙型黄肉果、桔变果二种回复到两个嫁接成分的果实。同时,橙型红肉果、橙型黄肉果、桔变果的果实性状与各自的叶片性状有明显的相关性。在生产上运用这些叶片性状可以从苗期开始准确地判别红江橙的变异植株,淘汰回复到两个嫁接成分的植株与枝条。     

漫话橙子

橙子，简称橙，又名香橙、黄果、金球、柳橙等。起源于中国南部与东南部以及亚洲中南地区，15世纪起陆续被引种到亚洲以外地区。公元1417年，葡萄牙人从中国把甜橙引种到里斯本，之后被引种到其他一些欧洲国家和地区。如今，甜橙已成为柑橘类水果中产量最大的“家族”，良种达四百余种。     

柑桔黄龙病热水间歇消毒试验

在1978～1980年间,用一定温、时处理柑桔接穗和苗木,每隔24小时处理一次,连续处理3次,处理后在室温下贮藏10～20天。试验结果,一般健康柑桔接穗的最高安全耐热温时为49℃、10分钟;病接穗的有效消毒温时为47℃、6分钟。经47～50℃、6～12分钟处理的病接穗355条在嫁接后经46个月全部没有发病,对照在8～11个月后发病率达70～100％;腹接病芽的甜橙苗137株(其中有44株在处理前已发病),处理后经34个月仍生长正常,而对照则在处理前已发病的陆续死亡,未发病的后来发病率为55％。     

冬季期间温度和水分对暗柳橙成花和花序类型的影响

冬季期间通过人工调控气温和土壤水分研究高温(30/25℃)、低温(冬季自然温)、高温(80％～90％F、C)和干旱(40％～50％F、C)对甜橙成花的单独与交互作用。低温或干早都能单独地诱导暗柳橙成花,但干旱因子在促花的同时有减弱叶片形成的效应,而低温因子主要表现为促进花的数目。高温加高湿导致不停顿的营养生长和不成花。足够的低温和适度的干旱有利于形成有叶花枝,因而有利于翌年之丰产,过度干旱导致形成无叶花枝,恶化花枝质量。     

柑桔未成熟幼胚的离体培养

柑桔属的大多数栽培种和品种的种子存在珠心胚的多胚现象,它严重干扰了柑桔的杂交育种工作。本文报道在双目解剖镜下刚能看到幼胚时就进行幼胚的离体培养,可能是避过了多胚的干扰的办法之一。研究的材料是暗柳甜橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)和椪柑(Citrusreticulata Blanco)。取暗柳甜橙开花后71天和椪柑开花后90天的直径为0.04—0.10毫米的幼胚于试管中培养。以Marashige和Tucker培养基为基本培养基,附加蜂乳(RJ)400ppm和赤微酸(GA)1ppm。经一个多星期的培养,幼胚已开始长成为较大的子叶胚。以后长成小苗为接种胚数的58.82％(甜橙)和55.0％(椪柑)。小苗长到2—3厘米高时,转移到含有萘乙酸(NAA)1ppm的MT培养基,大部分都能长出根系 试管小苗长至3—4厘米高时,嫁接在盆栽砧木上(红(木黎)檬或其他砧木实生苗),成活率达85.7％。未经诱导生根的小苗同样能嫁接成功。接活后小苗生长快,4个月苗高30厘米,可以移栽于露地。     

用加热四环素治疗柑桔黄龙病芽条的试验初报

从甜橙、蕉柑和化州橙的病树上取具有典型黄龙病症状的芽条,分别用不同温度的1000ppm盐酸四环素溶液处理一定时间。试验结果表明:用44,46,48和50℃处理15min,45℃处理10,20和25min,47℃处理10和20min,49,50和51℃处理10min的病芽条,嫁接于无病红桔实生苗上,经连续3年观察,均未见发病。而用20℃1000ppm盐酸四环素溶液浸20min或20℃清水浸15和20min,以及分别用44,45,46和47℃热水处理15min,则有31.1％～95.1％的植株发病。柑桔芽条用45～48℃的四环素溶液处理10～15min,既保证治疗效果,又有较高的成活率,可在生产上推广应用。     

广东主要柑桔果实过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶谱

采用蕉柑(Citrus reticulata cv.tankan Hayata)为材料测定了果皮中过氧化物酶的特性反应,可溶态和结合态不同状态酶的分配及果实中不同部位酶的分布,确定果顶的有色皮层为检测柑桔果实过氧化物酶的取样点。比较广东五个主要柑桔品种可溶态过氧化物酶活性的结果表明,酶活性与果实耐藏性呈负相关。蕉柑原产广东,是甜橙与柑的自然杂交种。从椪柑、蕉柑和暗柳橙的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱初步判断,三者之间有一定亲缘关系。还着重对广东柑桔果实中过氧化物酶的分布与果汁加工质量的关系进行了讨论。     

柑桔嫩叶染色体制片技术研究简报

在进行柑桔选育种时对染色体的分析和鉴定,一般正如Soost和Cameron 1975年所报道的可以用花蕾、根尖、茎尖和胚制片观察。但是,目前我国柑桔类果树已普遍采用嫁接繁殖。对柑桔类果树的多倍体诱变育种和辐射诱变育种处理的嫁接苗的嫩芽或接穗时,要进行细胞学观察和鉴定,根本不可能采用根尖为材料,如用花蕾制片检查也要待嫁接幼苗生长2～3年开始开花时才能进行。综合一些报道,认为在短期作物观察体细胞的染色体,用根尖比茎尖方便,而用叶片又比根尖方便。到目前为止,除短期     

武当玉兰与望春花嫁接辛夷的抗炎镇痛作用试验

目的探讨武当玉兰(砧木)+望春花(接穗)嫁接辛夷的抗炎镇痛药理活性。方法观察嫁接辛夷与武当玉兰(砧木)、望春花(接穗)对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及醋酸致小鼠扭体的影响。结果 (1)抗炎试验:望春花具有明显的抗炎作用,武当玉兰+望春花嫁接品种显示出了一定的抗炎趋势,而武当玉兰则未表现出抗炎作用。(2)镇痛试验:三种辛夷均显示出镇痛作用,其镇痛作用的强度依次为望春花>嫁接品种>武当玉兰。结论武当玉兰(砧木)+望春花(接穗)辛夷显示了一定的抗炎镇痛效果,其作用强度优于武当玉兰,为其临床应用及川辛夷基地品质改良提供实验依据。     

麸炒枳壳原理的初步研究

麸炒枳壳原理的初步研究侯嵘峤沈阳药科大学中药系沈阳１１００１５枳壳具有行气宽中、消食、化痰之功效．但本品中含有大量的挥发油，易伤脾胃．正如明代罗周彦在所著《医宗粹室》（卷四，药性论）中所说：“消食去枳滞用麸炒，不尔气刚，恐伤元气．”这就告诫我们枳壳必...     

Induction of apoptosis by Citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (HL-60) cells

Limonene is a primary component of citrus essential oils (EOs) and has been reported to induce apoptosis on tumor cells. Little is known about induction of apoptosis by citrus EOs. In this study, we examined induction of apoptosis by Citrus aurantium var. dulcis (sweet orange) EO, Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) EO and Citrus limon (lemon) EO. These EOs induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells and the apoptosis activities were related to the limonene content of the EOs. Moreover, sweet orange EO and grapefruit EO may contain components besides limonene that have apoptotic activity. To identify the components with apoptotic activity, grapefruit EO was fractionated using silica gel columns, and the components were analyzed by GC-MS. The n-hexane fraction contained limonene, and the dichloromethane fraction (DF) contained aldehyde compounds and nootkatone. Decanal, octanal and citral in the DF showed strong apoptotic activity, suggesting that the aldehyde compounds induced apoptosis strongly in HL-60 cells.     

柑桔黄龙病原侵染长春花和回接成功

柑桔黄龙病原类细菌(BLO)由草地菟丝子(Cuscuta campestris Yunck)传染到长春花(Vinca rosea L.)上和回接成功。用透视电镜和扫描电镜检查发病长春花和回接发病的甜橙苗的韧皮部筛管细胞,均发现黄龙病原BLO,长度为360～600nm,直径为100～120nm,细胞壁厚为25～30nm。     

Hesperidin in orange juice reduces the absorption of celiprolol in rats

It has been reported that the intestinal absorption of celiprolol, an antihypertensive drug, is inhibited when it is taken with orange juice; it has been suggested that element(s) in citrus juice are responsible for this. In the present study, the pharmacokinetic interaction between celiprolol and orange juice was characterized through in vivo experiments with rats. Celiprolol 5 mg/kg was injected into the rat duodenum together with 5 ml/kg of neutralized orange juice or the same concentration of hesperidin as in the orange juice. Plasma celiprolol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Concomitant administration of orange juice or hesperidin with celiprolol significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 74% and 75%, respectively, compared with control. These findings suggest that hesperidin is responsible for the decreased absorption of celiprolol and that orange juice taken with celiprolol has an inhibiting effect on intestinal absorption of the drug.     

桔芽达瘿蚊生活习性观察

本文详细报告了为害广东柑桔芽鞘新害虫——桔达瘿蚊Dasinerta为害情况、生活史及习性的研究结果,并提出了控制该虫为害的意见。     

陈皮提取物的抗氧化活性研究

通过乙醇浸提法对陈皮中黄酮类化合物进行提取并对其含量进行测定,进一步通过铁还原能力实验和羟自由基消除率实验测定陈皮中黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明：陈皮中黄酮化合物的含量达到24.43%,铁还原能力试验表明,陈皮提取物的IC50值为1.354 mg/ml,羟自由基清除率实验表明,当陈皮黄酮提取物的浓度为4 mg/ml时,清除率达到82.56%,其IC50值为1.340mg/ml。并且黄酮类化合物的浓度的增加,其抗氧化活性逐渐增强。     

Citrus juices inhibit the function of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-B.

Human organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B; OATP2B1) is expressed in the human intestinal epithelial cells, and is suggested to be involved in the intestinal absorption of anionic drugs in vivo. Although citrus juices have been shown to inhibit the function of human OATP-A (OATP1A2), the effect of citrus juices on the OATP-B function remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of citrus juices on the function of OATP-B. The effects of citrus juices on the uptake of estrone-3-sulfate, a typical substrate for OATP-B, into human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing OATP-B were evaluated. Juices were diluted with uptake buffer, adjusted to pH 7.4 and approximately 300 mOsm, and used for the experiments. Grapefruit juice (GFJ) and orange juice (OJ) at a concentration of 5% significantly inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate by 82 and 53%, respectively. Major constituents of GFJ and OJ also significantly inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate. Glibenclamide, a hypoglycemic drug, was identified for the first time as a substrate for OATP-B with a K(t) value of 6.26 microM. GFJ and OJ inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of glibenclamide. These results suggest that citrus juices may inhibit the intestinal absorption of anionic drugs, such as glibenclamide, via the inhibition of OATP-B.     

Undesirable effects of citrus juice on the pharmacokinetics of drugs: focus on recent studies.

It is well known that intake of grapefruit juice affects the pharmacokinetics of various kinds of drugs. It has been reported that other citrus juices also interact with certain drugs. To re-evaluate citrus juice-drug interactions based on currently available evidence, a literature search was conducted for new and updated information since the grapefruit juice-drug interaction was last reviewed in 1998. MEDLINE (1998-October 2004) was accessed and more than 200 reports were found. The effects of grapefruit juice ingestion on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs have been reported for 40 drugs since the reviews published in 1998. Increases in either area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) or maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were found with 34 of these, the major mechanism being considered to be inactivation of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4, a so-called mechanism-based inhibition. Although recent reports point to the inhibitory effects of grapefruit juice on the function of P-glycoprotein, which transports substrates from enterocytes back into the lumen, the contribution to the bioavailability of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein has not been established yet. Dramatic decreases in AUC and C(max) for two drugs in association with grapefruit juice ingestion has been reported and, in these cases, inhibitory effects on organic anion transporting polypeptide, which mediates absorption from the intestinal lumen to enterocytes, might be involved. Other citrus juices such as Seville (sour) orange juice and commonly ingested varieties of orange juice also showed significant effects on the AUC and C(max) of some drugs. Although the situation is complex and uncertainties remain, we recommend that patients avoid citrus juice intake while taking medications and that healthcare providers advise against citrus juice intake in this setting until any interactions with subject drugs can be clarified in clinical studies.     

辐射诱发柑桔无籽突变机理的研究

经辐射处理的甜橙花粉母细胞减数分裂中出现染色体易位、倒位、不联会的单价体等异常现象。由此而引成的花粉形态出现各种变异,育性降低,因而产生无籽少籽的果实。经统计分析,染色体畸变的细胞频率与果实的种子数为显著的负相关,花粉发芽率与果实的种子数为显著的正相关。在各种染色体异常中,不联会的单价体是引起花粉败育产生无籽果实的主要原因。