锁定加压重建钢板在髋臼骨折中的应用

目的探讨锁定加压重建钢板(重建LCP)治疗髋臼骨折的优点及应用原则。方法27例复杂髋臼骨折采用锁定加压重建钢板内固定,骨折按照Letoune1分类,后柱合并后壁骨折5例,横形合并后壁骨折4例,双柱骨折11例,前柱合并后半横形骨折7例。Kocher-Langenbeck入路9例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路联合髂腹股沟入路18例。结果27例中有24例获得随访,随访时间8~29个月(平均21个月),复位质量按照Matta评分,优13例,良9例,可2例;髋关节功能按Harris评分,优15例,良8例,可1例。术后发生骨关节炎1例,无感染、坐骨神经损伤、静脉血栓、异位骨化和股骨头缺血等并发症。结论锁定加压重建钢板具有对松质骨良好的把持力、锁定后的角稳定性、无需钢板帖服以及单皮质螺钉可以防止螺钉进入关节腔等优点,是治疗髋臼骨折比较理想的内固定材料,使用应遵循先加压后锁定、长钢板少螺钉的原则。     

Cerclage wiring in displaced associated anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse acetabular fractures

PurposeThe effects of cerclage wiring in the open reduction and internal fixation of displaced associated anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse acetabular fractures were evaluated.MethodsThis is a retrospectively clinical study of such cases where the main surgical strategy was open reduction and internal fixation with cerclage wire and reconstruction plates. Data on 12 cases treated between 1992 and 2011 were collected. The mean follow-up period was 32 (12–132) months.ResultsReduction with a fracture gap of less than 2 mm without articular stepping and solid union was achieved in all 12 cases. Postoperative complication developed in one case of symptomatic arthritis. Excluding the case with symptomatic arthritis, the other cases had good to excellent final D’Aubigne and Postel functional results.ConclusionsCerclage wiring is very useful and effective in the reduction and fixation of displaced associated anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse acetabular fractures, and supplemental fixation with reconstruction plates and screws is necessary.     

Cerclage wiring in displaced both-column fractures of the acetabulum

We evaluated the effect of cerclage wiring in the open reduction and internal fixation of displaced both-column fractures of the acetabulum. This was a prospective clinical evaluation of such cases where the main surgical strategy was open reduction and internal fixation with cerclage wire and supplemental reconstruction plates. Data on 35 cases treated by open reduction (all via the triradiate approach)/internal fixations with cerclage wire and reconstruction plates were collected. The follow-up period was 40 months (18-69). Reduction with a fracture gap of less than 2 mm without articular stepping was achieved in all 35 cases. Postoperative complications developed in seven cases, including subcutaneous haematoma in two, wound infection in two and heterotopic ossification in three. All the complications had no adverse effect on the clinical outcome, and all the cases had good to excellent final results. Cerclage wiring is very useful and effective in the reduction and fixation of displaced both-column fractures of the acetabulum, and supplemental fixation with reconstruction plates and screws is necessary.     

Fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum: treatment using cannulated screws

A total of 19 patients (16 males, 3 females) who had fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Their mean age was 40 years. There were five single-fragment fractures and 14 comminuted. Fifteen patients were treated by fixation with cannulated screws only and four were treated with cannulated screws and reconstruction plates. Reduction and fixation of fragments was facilitated, and soft tissue dissection minimized, by the use of cannulated screws. Clinical results were excellent in nine hips, very good in one, good in six, and poor in three after follow-up of more than 2 years. We think that preservation of the blood supply to the fracture fragments and careful placement of the fixation components is as important as rigid fixation of the fragments for the successful treatment of posterior-wall fractures of the acetabulum. The use of cannulated screws may be helpful for this purpose.     

Surgical treatment of acetabulum posterior wall fractures: Comparison between undercountering and marginal impaction reconstruction method with odd methods

BackgroundModern treatment principles for posterior wall fractures have become widespread in the last decade in many countries by means of international or local courses. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of acetabulum posterior wall fractures using unconventional methods of fixation, including plates placed in unusual directions, or, in the case of reoperation, only interfragmentary screws. In addition, we examined acetabulum posterior wall fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with standard undercountered plates from ischion to iliac bone in latter cases.MethodsTwenty-one patients who had open reduction and internal fixation of an unstable unilateral fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum between 2009 and 2013 were included. Group 1 was composed of 10 former patients who were treated with unconventional methods that included a compression technique with a direct plate or solely screw fixation. Group 2 was composed of latter 11 patients who were treated with standard surgery that included undercountered plates oriented from the ischial tuberosity to the iliac bone proximally and reconstruction of marginal impaction if necessary. The functional outcome was evaluated with the use of the clinical grading system adopted by Merle d'Aubigné and Postel. The Kellgren–Lawrence radiologic criteria were used for the radiologic assessments. The reduction of the fracture, posterior dislocation, marginal impaction, mean fracture particle amount, trochanteric osteotomy and avascular necrosis were compared between the two groups and examined with the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsIn Groups 1 and 2, the median score of the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel clinical scoring system was 16 (8–18) and 18 (14–18), respectively. The clinical scores between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01). When two groups were compared using the Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic criteria for the development of osteoarthritis, the median value in Groups 1 and 2 was 3 (0–4) and 1 (0–3), respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study displays the evolution of the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures of the posterior wall in our clinic. The older methods failed in terms of exposure, diagnosis of fracture anatomy and fixation techniques. Patients treated after the surgeons took courses in this field showed evidence of superior clinical and radiological scores. We attribute these benefits to exposure, definition and treatment of marginal impaction and fixation principles.     

真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的治疗

 目的 探讨真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的治疗方法。方法 2006年 1月至 2010 年 1月, 治疗 12例真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折, 男 8例, 女 4例;年龄 29~46岁, 平均 35.6岁;挤 压伤 7例, 压砸伤 3例, 高处坠落伤 2例。术前常规摄骨盆正位、闭孔斜位、髂骨斜位 X线片及 CT扫描。 根据是否合并后壁骨折及髂骨骨折块的完整性分为单纯型 5例, 合并后壁型 6例, 粉碎型 1例。 5例单纯型及 2例合并较小的无移位后壁型骨折者采用髂股入路行髂嵴支持钢板加髂骨前缘拉力螺钉固定; 4例合并明显移位的后壁型骨折者采用前后联合入路行拉力螺钉、支持钢板固定;1例粉碎型骨折采用 扩展髂股入路行钢板螺钉固定。结果 12例患者均获得随访, 随访时间 14~37个月, 平均 26.7个月。术后按 Matta影像学评定标准, 优 8例, 良 3例, 差 1;优良率为 92%。无一例发生骨折不愈合及内固定断 裂。末次随访按 Matta改良的 Merled爷Aubigne和 Postel功能评分系统评分为 11~18分, 平均 16.8分;优 7例, 良 4例, 差 1例;优良率为 92%。 1例发生异位骨化和轻度的创伤性关节炎。结论 选择合理的手 术入路、解剖复位、坚强固定是治疗真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的关键。     

Biomechanical evaluation of fixation of posterior acetabular wall fractures

Reproducible fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum were created in 10 paired hemipelves from fresh human cadavers. Under anterior-to-posterior loading by a Materials Testing System machine, the load to failure of fixation of the acetabular fractures treated with steel pelvic reconstruction plates and steel screws was significantly higher than that of fixation with titanium ribbons and titanium screws. Forces as little as 725 newtons applied directly to the fragment caused fixation failure; even the most secure form of fixation failed when a relatively small force of 2,123 newtons was applied. These results emphasize the importance of appropriate postoperative measures, such as limitation of hip flexion and restricted weightbearing, to minimize the force directed against the posterior wall until the fracture has healed. Secure fixation of fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum is critical, since loss of fixation results in instability and joint incongruity, which limit the options for reconstruction.     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：报道切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的方法和结果。方法：按照ＪｕｄｅｔＬｅｔｏｕｒｎｅｌ分型：髋臼前壁骨折２例,前柱骨折５例,前壁合并前柱骨折３例,双柱骨折５例,后壁骨折４例,后壁合并后柱骨折７例,横行骨折４例。手术入路：髂腹股沟切口１３例,Ｋｏｃｈｅｒｌａｎｇｅｂｅｃｋ切口１１例,髂股切口３例,髂腹股沟切口＋ＫｏｃｈｅｒＬａｎｇｅｎｂｅｃｋ切口３例。骨折复位后用预弯的骨盆钢板内固定。结果：随访６～１８个月,按照Ｍａｔａ标准：优１３例,良８例,中５例,差４例。结论：根据髋臼骨折类型选择切口入路,骨折复位满意,内固定可靠,功能恢复好。     

The use of a 3D-printed personalised drill guide for posterior column lag screw fixation in displaced transverse acetabular fracture: A case report

Introduction and importanceAnterior column plate combined with posterior column screws have been effectively used for treatment of displaced transverse acetabular fractures. This article presents the use of 3D-printed technology for customising a guide template to appropriately place posterior column screw.Case presentationA 50-year-old female suffered displaced juxtatectal fracture of the right acetabulum. A personalised guide for antegrade posterior column screw placement was designed based on the data of her pelvic CT-scan. This guide and a prototype of her right acetabulum - created by mirroring the intact left acetabulum - were 3D-printed for preoperative evaluation and pre-contouring of reconstruction plate. Modified Stoppa approach and additional lateral window were used for direct reduction, anterior column plate and posterior column lag screw fixation. Post-operative CT-scan showed good reduction and nearly ideal screw position.Clinical discussionAnterior column plate and antegrade posterior column screw could provide joint stability and early mobilisation for displaced transverse acetabular fractures. However, determination of optimal entry point, direction and length for screw insertion is still technically demanding. The 3-D reconstruction images of hemipelvic specimen allowed us to identify the safe bone corridor, design a drill guide to put the proper guide pin and conduct preoperative trial. All those resulted in appropriate real screw fixation with reduction of soft tissue damage, X-ray exposure and time of operation.ConclusionThe use of 3D-printed personalised guide for posterior column screw fixation is a promising alternative option for treatment of displaced transverse acetabular fracture where 3D-navigation system is not available.     

肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折的临床特征及手术疗效。方法对于2002年3月至2007年3月本院手术治疗不稳定肩胛骨骨折共20例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照Miller分型方法Ⅰ—A2例，Ⅰ—B1例，Ⅱ—C1例；Ⅱ-A2例，Ⅱ一B2例，Ⅱ—C5例。Ⅲ2例，Ⅳ5例。根据骨折类型选择手术入路（后入路17例，前入路3例），内固定物分别或结合应用“K”钢板，重建钢板，拉力螺钉固定骨折。结果全部病例均获随访，随访6月～28月，平均14月。根据Hercovici疗效标准，术后肩关节的功能评分为4～16分，平均14．5分，优良率为92．8％。结论手术治疗不稳定肩胛骨骨折能使患者早期功能锻炼，改善肩关节功能。     

Fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum: Treatment using internal fixation of two parallel reconstruction plates

Objectives

Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment method using internal fixation of parallel reconstruction plates for the posterior wall of the acetabulum fractures.

Design

Randomised, prospective.

Setting

Level I trauma centre. Patients/participants: 57 patients with posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum in our department from 2007 to 2010 were treated operatively using this technique. Intervention: internal fixation of two parallel reconstruction plates was used in this study. One of the plates was near the border of acetabulum. The other was parallel to the former one and was located to stress concentrated area. Main outcome measurements: The clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical grading system and radiological outcome was evaluated according to the criteria described by Matta. In addition, complications were researched in this study.

Results

The percentages of the clinical excellent-to-good and fair-to-poor results were 93.0% and 7%, respectively. We found that clinical outcome had no correlation with age, operation time from injury to operation, nor had correlation with hip dislocation, comminuted fracture condition and marginal compression fracture. Anatomical reduction was significantly correlated with excellent-to-good clinical outcome. Necrosis of the femoral head and heterotopic ossification were prone to decline the outcome of acetabular fractures despite good fracture reduction.

Conclusions

the internal fixation of two parallel reconstruction plates facilitated rigid fixation and avoided fracture fragment injury, was an effective and reliable alternative method to treat fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum.     

手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折45例

目的：探讨应用重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法：对45例经手术复位重建钢板内固定治疗的髋臼后壁骨折进行回顾性分析,男31例,女14例;年龄19～68岁,平均37.6岁。合并髋关节脱位者41例。全部后侧Kocher-Langenbeck切口。结果：45例均获随访,随访时间为12～48个月,平均26个月。按Matta的X线复位标准和Matta改良的d＇Aubigne临床标准评估,解剖复位38例,满意复位7例;临床结果优30例,良10例,一般5例,优良率为88.9%。本组中发生创伤性关节炎4例,股骨头坏死2例,异位骨化2例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,无切口感染和骨不愈合。结论：重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。骨折复位质量、伤后至手术时间、骨折粉碎程度、手术经验是影响髋臼后壁骨折治疗效果的关键。     

髋臼后壁骨折三种内固定方式的生物力学研究及临床意义

背景：锁定重建接骨板已应用于髋臼后壁骨折的治疗,但关于其固定髋臼后壁骨折生物力学稳定性的研究报道甚少。目的：比较锁定重建接骨板、重建接骨板及单纯拉力螺钉固定髋臼后壁骨折的生物力学稳定性。 方法：取成人新鲜半骨盆标本18个,制成髋臼后壁骨折模型,随机分成三组。A组用2枚拉力螺钉固定,B组用重建接骨板固定,C组用锁定重建接骨板固定。进行轴向加载实验,测定各组骨折的纵向位移、内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度,以比较各内固定方式的稳定性。 结果：在相同载荷下,B组、C组骨折的纵向位移小于A组,B组、C组内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度大于A组,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;B组与C组在纵向位移、内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。 结论：锁定重建接骨板与重建接骨板的内固定稳定性优于单纯拉力螺钉内固定,锁定重建接骨板与重建接骨板内的固定稳定性相似,均可用于髋臼后壁骨折的内固定治疗。     

Fractures to the posterior wall of the acetabulum managed with screws alone

BACKGROUND: The use of a buttress plate in addition to lag screws has been recommended for fractures to the posterior wall of the acetabulum. However, there is a lack of possible criteria for the use of screws alone. This study aimed to evaluate the use of screws alone for fixation of posterior wall fractures to the acetabulum. METHODS: This study retrospectively examined 15 patients with a single fragmented or moderately comminuted posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum who had been treated with internal fixation using screws alone. The modified D'Aubigne and Postel's score system was used for the functional evaluation. RESULTS: The clinical results were excellent for nine hips, very good for one hip, good for four hips, and poor for one hip after follow-up period of more than 2 years. CONCLUSION: The use of screws alone can produce acceptable results for selected posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum.     

Fractures of posterior wall of acetabulum

Fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum form a special group in acetabular fractures. This study aims to evaluate the results in the management of such fractures. Thirty-two patients with fractures of posterior wall of acetabulum were reviewed retrospectively. The follow-up period was 7 (range 3–10) years. Twenty-four were associated with initial posterior dislocations. Twenty-seven were managed with open reduction and internal fixation, while the remainder were managed conservatively. Reductions were rated as congruent in 30 cases and as noncongruent in 2. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in 10, fair in 2, and poor in 4. Two early complications were met, namely 1 iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury and 1 superficial wound infection. Sixteen late complications were noted, including 10 heterotopic ossifications, 3 avascular necroses of femoral head, and 3 symptomatic arthritides. The incidence of late complications was high, but the functional results were generally satisfactory. Congruent reduction was the key in obtaining satisfactory results in the management of these fractures.     

Management of Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly Patient

Operative management of displaced acetabular fractures yields better results than nonoperative management. Over the past decade, surgical approaches to the acetabulum and the surgical tactic for repair of common fracture patterns have been advanced. Excellent outcomes after repair of these injuries can be achieved. In some cases, as in the elderly, or in those cases in which there is significant destruction of the articular cartilage, primary total hip arthroplasty may provide the best solution. Removal of the femoral head allows for excellent exposure of the acetabulum, making it possible to stabilize most fractures without the need for extensile or intrapelvic approaches. The surgical technique that has been successfully used calls for gaining primary stability of the acetabular columns by open reduction and internal fixation and then using the acetabular component to replace the articular surface. The columns need not be anatomically reduced. Multiholed acetabular shells can be used as internal fixation devices by placing screws into the columns enhancing the stability of the repair. In older individuals with severe osteoporosis, a typical fracture pattern results in intrapelvic dislocation of the femoral head with a blowout fracture of the anterior column and medial wall. Reinforcement rings with cemented acetabular fixation can be used in these cases. The femoral head can be used as bulk bone graft to replace and reinforce the reconstruction. Techniques common to revision of failed acetabular components are helpful in this setting. The results of reconstruction of severe acetabular fractures with total hip replacement have been reported to be similar to those achieved for reconstruction of osteoarthritis.     

髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊治

目的探讨髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊断与治疗。方法2000年2月- 2005年10月,对11例涉及髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者进行回顾性总结,所有患者的后壁边缘压缩骨折、髋关节后脱位均由CT扫描得到证实。患者均采用手术切开复位,对边缘压缩骨折进行撬起和植骨,重建钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果所有患者获得平均5-56个月(32．4个月)随访,临床结果采用改良d'Aubigne和Postel髋关节评分标准:优4例,良4例,可2例,差1例,优良率为72．7％。1例原发坐骨神经损伤,系骨折块压挫伤,于术后2个月完全恢复。1例因术中未严格保持伸髋屈膝位导致坐骨神经牵拉伤,4个月后基本恢复。1例异位骨化,为BookerⅡ型。1例复位欠佳者出现创伤性关节炎,关节间隙变窄。结论髋臼后壁边缘骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者容易发生边缘压缩性骨折,术前CT扫描可明确诊断,术中要对边缘压缩骨折部分撬起和充分植骨,提高股骨头与髋臼解剖对应率,可取得较好疗效。     

后外侧入路在踝关节骨折中的应用

目的 评价后外侧入路在踝关节骨折中的应用价值. 方法 2005年3月至2007年8月对23例踝关节骨折采用后外侧入路,其中按照Lauge-Hansen分型:旋后外旋型Ⅲ度4例,旋后外旋型Ⅳ度12例,旋前外旋型Ⅳ度7例.所有患者均同时有腓骨远段和后踝的骨折,其中17例存在内踝骨折,2例为单纯三角韧带损伤.同时对后外踝行切开复位内固定,外踝骨折处钢板放置于腓骨远端后侧,后踝骨折直接行螺钉或钢板固定.观察术后伤口愈合、骨折愈合及内固定情况,同时按Olerud和Molander踝关节骨折术后评分系统对踝关节功能进行评估. 结果 所有患者获得6～23个月(平均15个月)随访.伤口无裂开、坏死,除1例术后10 d出现浅表感染,经积极换药及适量抗生素处理后愈合外,其余均愈合良好.1例术后出现腓肠外侧皮神绛损伤症状,末做特殊处理,3个月后自行缓解.1例出现症状轻微的腓骨肌腱炎,骨折愈合取出钢板后症状消失.术后4～6个月X线片示骨折均愈合,无内固定松动,断裂.踝关节骨折术后功能评分平均为91分,优良率为95.6%. 结论 后外侧入路可同时完成后、外踝骨折的治疗,能在直视下对后踝进行有效复位及可靠固定.     

髋关节后脱位并髋臼后壁（柱）骨折手术治疗结果分析

目的探讨髋臼后壁（柱）骨折伴髋关节脱位手术治疗的中远期疗效。方法回顾性分析21例髋关节脱位伴髋臼骨折患者临床资料,其中20例髋臼脱位行闭合复位,1例行急诊切开复位内固定;所有合并的髋臼骨折均采用开放复位内固定术治疗。结果完整随访19例,失访2例,随访时间29～86个月。按髋关节功能恢复情况评分：优13例,良3例,可2例,差1例,优良率84．2％。结论髋关节脱位伴髋臼骨折应尽早诊断,应尽快行髋关节复位,骨折应尽早开放复位内固定,早期功能锻炼,避免过早负重。     

Use of calcaneal plates in the treatment of posterior pelvic ring injuries and displaced iliac blade fractures- A case series

IntroductionThe operative fixation of pelvic ring injuries and associated acetabulum fractures presents a challenging scenario to most of the orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Current development of anatomically contoured reconstruction (ACR) plates gained popularity in fixing complex pelvic ring fractures. This study was done to assess the functional and radiological outcomes using of lateral wall stainless steel (LWSS) calcaneal plates in posterior pelvic ring injuries and displaced iliac blade fractures.Materials and methodsRetrospectively selected eight cases of pelvic ring injuries planned for fixing posterior pelvic instability and iliac blade fractures using LWSS plates. Mean follow-up was 18 months (Range 12–26 months).ResultsAverage time for radiological bony union achieved in 18 weeks (Range 13–22). Seven patients returned to their normal work. Average Majeed score was 60 (Range 50–68). Mean duration of surgery was 160 min (Range 120–200).ConclusionThis technique can be routinely used as supplementary fixation for posterior pelvic ring instability and iliac blade fractures. LWSS calcaneal plates showed no screw breakage or implant failure. Further this technique was cost effective in developing countries with limited resources.