COVID-19大流行对我国细胞病理学工作的影响

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)暴发期间,疫情防控措施对我国临床细胞病理学检查各方面的影响.方法 通过微信平台向我国13个省级行政区域的细胞病理室发放在线问卷调查.结果 23家医院的23个细胞病理室参与了调查,报告显示大多数城市(87.0％)和医院(82....     

COVID-19流行区域外科收治全流程防护决策对骨科创伤患者处置能力影响探讨

目的 提出一种在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)流行区域对疑似及确诊病例合并骨创伤患者的外科流程化分区收治处置对策,研究在COVID-19疫情中心区域实施相应诊疗行动对骨科住院择期及限期手术患者的影响。方法 回顾性分析本院2020年1月20日至2020年3月15日收治的湖北省武汉市COVID-19疫情中心区域骨科择期及限期手术患者共计40例,按门急诊处理及分流、医院综合缓冲病区隔离筛查、专科病房及手术处置3个阶段分区诊疗处理决策进行救治。记录平均院前待床时间、住院后平均手术前准备时间、术后平均住院时间,与2019年度同期收治患者进行比较分析。同时进行治疗优良度的临床评估。结果 COVID-19疫情下手术患者平均手术前准备时间和2019年同期相比存在较大幅度增长,术后平均住院时间及总住院时间则有所缩短。因平均院前待床时间延长,陈旧性骨折发生率有所升高,但手术优良率在评估时未见明显下降。结论 COVID-19流行区域采用外科流程化分区收治诊疗处理可以有效对骨科患者进行快速处置,在控制院内感染风险的基础上,维持医院周转能力。     

2020-2021重庆某高校口腔医学生知觉压力状况变化

目的:了解突发公共卫生事件新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情及常态化疫情防控期间重庆某高校口腔医学生知觉压力状况变化.方法:抽取重庆某高校口腔医学生作为调查对象,采用知觉压力量表(PSS-14)等,采取在线调查问卷方式对COVID-19疫情及常态化疫情防控期间口腔医学生知觉压力状况,知觉压力水平与睡眠时间、焦虑状况相关性进行调查.结果:口腔医学生知觉压力COVID-19疫情期平均得分22.49±9.38,常态化疫情防控期21.83±9.49.常态化疫情防控期间,男女生(t=-3.770,P＜0.01),是否在毕业班(t=5.559,P＜0.01)知觉压力状况水平有显著统计学差异.知觉压力检出率COVID-19疫情期24.06％,常态化疫情防控期22.80％.常态化疫情防控期知觉压力女性高于男性,有统计学差异(X2=5.942,P＜0.05);毕业班口腔医学生较非毕业班高,且有显著统计学差异(X2=8.568,P＜0.01).2021年较2020年知觉压力平均得分、检出率都稍低,但无统计学差异.COVID-19疫情及常态化疫情防控期间,调查对象知觉压力水平与焦虑得分呈显著正相关(r=0.583,0.707;P＜0.01),与每日睡眠时间呈显著负相关(r=-0.115,-0.162;P＜0.05).结论:常态化疫情防控期间,女生比男生更有更高的压力,毕业班学生比非毕业班学生具有更高的压力;口腔医学生知觉压力水平与焦虑呈正相关,与睡眠呈负相关.     

汶川地震前后公民对无偿献血认知状况调查分析

目的 为了解公民对无偿献血的认知情况,进一步推动无偿献血这个新事物的发展,确保临床医疗急救病人的用血供应.方法 我们在2006年10月和今年5月在汶川地震发生后,分别对公民无偿献血工作的认识、献血情况进行了调查.结果 两次调查表的回收率相差甚微,为627/643(62.7%/64.3%).对无偿献血知识的认知情况,两次调查结果相差非常显著531/622(87.6%/98.9%);对已参加献血或预约献血人员的统计,两次调查结果也相差非常显著411/593(67.8%/94.3%).结论 必须要继续加强对<中华人民共和国献血法>、血液知识和献血知识宣传的力度、深度和广度,各新闻单位要积极参与无偿献血的公益性宣传;着力对公民进行忘我奉献爱心的精神,对需血者的关怀与责任心的教育是至关重要的:血站要为献血者提供热情、周到、放心的服务;做好献血后的服务工作;及时办理无偿献血者报销用血费用,树立诚信形象.     

新冠肺炎疫情下结直肠癌标本采集和处理的对策

正2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎,COVID-19/2019-nCoV)在我国武汉暴发,并迅速向全世界蔓延~([1])。2020年1月20日,国家卫生健康委员会将该疾病纳入乙类传染病并按照甲类传染病进行防治~([2])。在疫情的影响下,我国的各行各业均受到很大影响,尤其是医疗卫生事业。相关卫生部门在疫情影响下制定了各种应对策略。COVID-19病毒对紫外线和热敏感(56℃30 min),乙醚、75%乙醇和过氧乙酸等条件下均可有效灭活病毒~([3])。COVID-19的主要传播途径包括呼吸道飞沫和密切接触,在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下还可能存在气溶胶传播~([4])。疫情期间,医院中患者来源结构复杂、     

95例COVID-19患者合并细菌及真菌感染的临床分析

目的:回顾性分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者合并细菌及真菌感染的临床特点和耐药情况。方法:收集同济医院2020年2月10日至3月31日血液、尿液、痰液和纤支镜冲洗液培养阳性的COVID-19患者的临床资料,采用WHONET5.6分析统计药敏数据。结果:共收集病原菌培养阳性COVID-19患者95例,非危重型...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情初期在华留学生应对策略和心理适应

新型冠状病毒肺炎病毒(COVID-19,简称"新冠病毒").新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发突然、蔓延速度快,给大众的生活方式和心理健康带来极大的负面影响.已有的研究表明公众在新型冠状病毒肺炎期间或多或少地经历了心理问题.齐晔等[1]考察了公众对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知,他们发现政府和社会针对公众的大力宣传取得了良好效果.公众对...     

河南省首起奥密克戎COVID-19疫情全基因组特征与溯源分析

目的对河南省首起本土奥密克戎COVID-19确诊病例的呼吸道标本进行SARS-CoV-2全基因组测序, 分析基因组突变及分子溯源情况。方法采用全基因组测序技术对2022年1月7日—1月29日疫情相关的COVID-19病例阳性样本进行全基因组测序和序列比对分析, 分析病毒全基因组序列的一致性和变异进化情况。结果通过SARS-CoV-2基因组高通量测序, 共获得120例病例的SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列, 占安阳COVID-19疫情总病例数的25.64%(120/468)。与武汉参考株(NC₀45512.2)相比, 120例病例的全基因组序列存在57～59个核苷酸突变位点, 在共享57个核苷酸位点的基础上增加1～2个核苷酸突变位点, 均属于VOC/Omicron变异株(BA.1.1进化分支), 基因组序列高度同源。其中, 首发病例A全基因组序列含有57个核苷酸突变位点, 首发病例B全基因组序列在含有57个相同的核苷酸突变位点基础上, 增加1个特有变异位点(C1594T), 提示二者为同一传播链。经中国疾病预防控制中心和河南省疾病预防控制中心与国内本土病例和输入病例...     

坚持“以人为本”的治站方略努力确保临床用血安全有效

<中华人民共和国献血法>实施以来,大力推动了无偿献血工作开展的进程.而无偿献血是保证临床用血安全有效的主要途径之一,要真正做好此项工作,从质量和数量上确保临床用血的安全[1],人的因素是关键.血站作为全额事业性质单位,其管理行为必须与我国事业单位的人事管理制度相适应.在一定管理思想和原则的指导下,运用组织、控制、监督等手段,形成人与人,人与事之间相互关系的某种状态,以实现一定目标的一系列管理行为的总和.     

COVID-19疫情期间麻醉专业研究生学习、职业发展及心理状态的调查

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间麻醉学专业医学研究生的学习、职业发展及心理状态。方法 2020年3月,对北京、上海及成都的麻醉学专业研究生进行调查,自行设计调查问卷,通过微信平台将问卷发送至参与调查的研究生手机,系统自动记录答卷情况。结果共222名麻醉专业研究生参与调查。其中,对通过网络课程自主学习效果满意的学生人数占52.7%,认为自己如期毕业受到负面影响的学生人数占37.84%。76.92%的学生认为与线上面试相比自己更适应线下面试,54.95%的学生所在学校提供了疫情相关心理疏导帮助。结论COVID-19疫情居家隔离期间,医学院校在保证研究生按期完成学习、科研任务,确保学生心理健康及顺利就业方面做出采取了诸多措施。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.