新疆地区汉族和维吾尔族部分人群HLA-DRB1、HLA-DQB1、HLA-DPB1基因多态性与单倍型的比较

目的了解中国新疆维吾尔自治区汉族和维吾尔族人类白细胞抗原DRB1(HLA-DRB1)、HLA-DQB1、HLA-DPB1高分辨分型基础上的基因多态性和单倍型分布的特点。方法应用聚合酶链反应-直接测序基因分型(PCR-SBT)法对新疆地区188例汉族人群与90例维吾尔族人群进行HLA-DRB1、HLA-DQB1、HLA-DPB1基因分型,直接计数法计算基因频率,应用Arlequin3.5软件以最大似然法获得单倍型频率。结果汉族人群频率最高的HLA-Ⅱ类基因分别是DRB1*09∶01(12.8%)、DQB1*03∶01(20.3%)和DPB1*05∶01(33.5%);三位点组成的单倍型频率最高的分别是DRB1*09∶01-DQB1*03∶03(8.8%)、DRB1*09∶01-DPB1*05∶01(5.0%)、DQB1*03∶01-DPB1*05∶01(9.6%)和DRB1*09∶01-DQB1*03∶03-DPB1*05∶01(6.3%)。维吾尔族人群频率最高的HLA-Ⅱ类基因分别是DRB1*07∶01(18.3%)、DQB1*03∶01(18.9%)和DPB1*04∶01(30.0%);三位点组成的单倍型频率最高的分别是DRB1*07∶01-DQB1*02∶02(16.1%)、DRB1*07∶01-DPB1*04∶01(5.0%)、DQB1*03∶01-DPB1*04∶01(7.3%)、DRB1*07∶01-DQB1*02∶02-DPB1*04∶01(7.4%)。两组人群中等位基因有显著差异的是∶DRB1*04∶04、DRB1*07∶01、DRB1*08∶03、DRB1*11∶04、DRB1*12∶02、DRB1*13∶01、DRB1*15∶01、DQB1*02∶02、DQB1*06∶01、DPB1*04∶01和DPB1*05∶01。结论中国新疆汉族与维吾尔族人群HLA-DRB1、HLA-DQB1、HLA-DPB1等位基因频率、单倍型频率分布均有自己的多态性特征。     

HLA-DRB1*12:01:01G和HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组内等位基因频率的统计分析

目的 区分并计算人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA) HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G(HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01/12:06/12:10/12:17)和HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G(DRB1* 14:01:01/14:54)组内等位基因及其相对频率,并分析其与HLA-DRB3和HLA-DQB1的连锁情况.方法 收集115例HLA-DRB1*12:01:01G组和108例HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组标本,采用单核苷酸序列分析(polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing,PCR-SBT)方法检测HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组等位基因的第1～3外显子序列和HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G组的第2、3外显子序列.HLA-DRB3和HLA-DQB1基因分型采用PCR-SBT方法.结果 115例HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组标本中,101例(87.8％)为HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01,14例(12.2％)为HLA-DRB1* 12:10,未发现HLA-DRB1* 12:06和HLA-DRB1* 12:17. 108例HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组标本全部为HLA-DRB1*14:54. HLA-DRB1*12:01:01与HLA-DRB3* 01:01:02和HLA-DQB1* 03:01连锁,HLA-DRB1* 12:10则与HLA-DRB3* 02:02:01和HLA-DQB1* 03:01连锁.HLA-DRB1* 14:54与HLA-DRB3* 02:02:01和HLA-DQB1* 05:02、*05:03连锁.结论 HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组中HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01频率最高,而HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G组则以HLA-DRB1* 14:54频率最高.     

焦虑对体液免疫功能影响及其与HLA-DQB1等位基因的关系

目的:研究焦虑对体液免疫功能的影响及其与HLA-DQB1等位基因多态性的关系.方法:随机挑选某医院健康体检住院医生31名,选用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)来测量其焦虑状况,实验室检测IgG、IgA、IgM以及补体C3、C4水平,并利用PCR扩增各研究对象HLA-DQB1*02、*03、*04、*05和*06五个位点基因多态性.结果:状态焦虑 (Ta)和特质焦虑 (Tc)均同补体C3呈正相关,有统计学意义.HLA-DQB1*02位点阳性和阴性的个体状态焦虑的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而补体C3的差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).HLA-DQB1* 04位点阳性和阴性的个体状态焦虑和特质焦虑的差异都有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而补体C3的差异不具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:焦虑可以引起某些体液免疫功能指标的改变并与HLA-DQB1等位基因表型有关.     

HLA-DQB1 基因多态性与广西壮族女性HPV16 感染和宫颈癌易感性的关联研究

目的:探讨HLA-DQB1 等位基因多态性对广西壮族女性HPV16 感染和宫颈癌发生的影响,为寻找广西壮族女性宫颈癌的遗传易感基因或保护基因提供线索。方法:选取广西地区25 ~45 岁宫颈癌确诊的壮族患者、无癌健康壮族女性各171 例作为研究对象(按年龄依3 岁配对),采集研究对象样本并提取HPV 核酸和人基因组DNA,分别应用PCR-SSP 和分子导流杂交技术进行HLA-DQB1 基因型检测和HPV 基因分型检测,最后进行统计学分析。结果:(1)171 例宫颈癌患者中HPV总感染率为91.22%,其中高危型病毒占90.76%, HPV16 型为主要致病亚型(43.58%);(2)广西壮族女性宫颈癌患者组的HLA-DQB1*04 等位基因携带率高于无癌对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);等位基因HLA-DQB1*06/09 在宫颈癌患者组中的携带率明显低于无癌组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组间的HLA-DQB1*02/05/07/08 等位基因携带率无显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)HLA-DQB1*04 基因在HPV16 阳性宫颈癌患者中出现的频率明显高于HPV16 阴性患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HLA-DQB1*04 可能是广西壮族女性宫颈癌发生的易感基因,HLA-DQB1*06/09 可能是广西壮族女性宫颈癌的保护基因。而HLA-DQB1*02/05/07/08 等位基因可能与广西壮族女性宫颈癌遗传易感性无关。携带HLA-DQB1*04 等位基因的广西壮族妇女可能更容易感染HPV16 型病毒,从而增加了其患宫颈癌的危险性。     

Study of polymorphisms of HLA class i (-A, -B, -C) and class i (DRB1 , DQA1 , DQB1 , DPA1 , DPB1) genes among ethnic Hans from Southern China北大核心CSCD

Objective To study the genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen {HLA)- A, B, C, DRB1 , DQA1 , DQB1 , DPA1 and DPB1 among ethnic Hans from southern China. Methods 481 randomly selected individuals were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-based typing (SBT) method for the above genes. Their allelefrequencies were determined by direct counting. Results In total, 28 HLA-A, 57 HLA-B, 28 HLA-C, 40 HLA-DRB1 ,18 HLA-DQA1 , 17 HLA-DQB1 , 6 HLA-DPA1 and 21 HLA-DPB1 alleles were identified. Among these, common alleles(with allelic frequencies > 0.05) included A∗1101, A∗2402, A∗0207, A∗3303, A∗0201, B∗40:01, B∗46:01, B∗58:01, B∗13:01, B∗15:02, C∗01:02, C∗07:02, C∗03:04, C∗03:02, C∗08:01, C∗03:03, C∗04:01, DRB1∗09:01, DRB1∗15:01, DRB1∗12:02, DRB1∗08:03, DRB1∗03:01, DRB1∗04:05, DRB1∗11:01, DQA1∗01:02, DQA1∗03:02, DQA1∗03:03, DQA1∗06:01, DQA1∗01:03, DQA1∗05:05, DQA1∗01:04, DQA1∗03:01, DQA1∗05:01, DQB1∗03:01, DQB1∗03:03, DQB1∗06:01, DQB1∗05:02, DQB1∗03:02, DQB1∗02:01, DQB1∗03:02, DQB1∗06:02, DPA1∗02:02, DPA1∗01:03, DPAl∗02:01, DPB1∗05:01, DPB1∗02:.01, DPB1∗13:01, DPB1∗04:01 andDPB1∗02:02. For each of the locus, the overall frequencies of common alleles were 75. 57%, 52. 81%, 78. 28%, 62. 16% , 86. 70% , 77. 23% , 95. 32% and 81. 59% , respectively. Conclusion The allelic frequencies of the 8 selected HLA loci among ethnic Hans from southern China may served as a reference for anthropology, legal medicine, transplantation and disease association studies.     

人类白细胞抗原HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1基因高通量测序分型的研究

目的 建立可靠的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1同步测序分型方法,研究南方汉族人群HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1基因的多态性.方法 根据HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPBI等位基因的全长序列,分别采用位点特异性引物扩增HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPBI目的基因片段,涵盖完整的第2外显子.PCR产物经磁珠纯化,用自行设计的测序引物及优化的测序反应体系对HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1第2外显子进行双向测序.纯化的测序反应产物经ABI 3730测序仪测序,用Assign 3.5 SBT软件分析结果.结果 PCR扩增获得了清晰的HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1基因目的片段,对HLA-DPA1和HLA-DPB1基因的第2外显子进行的双向测序结果中,序列无背景信号和杂峰.在176名南方汉族健康无关个体中,共检出了4种HLA-DPA1等位基因,其频率分布依次为:DPAI* 02:02(0.589)＞DPAl* 01:03(0.284)＞ DPAI* 02:01(0.096)＞ DPAl* 04:01(0.031).HLA-DPB1检出了14种等位基因,其中频率大于5％的4种等位基因为:DPBl* 05:01、DPBl* 02:01、DPBl* 04:01和DPBl* 02:02,频率介于1％～5％的7种,其余3种等位基因的频率均为1％以下.HLA-DPB1测序分型的结果与用AtriaAlleleSEQR商品化测序分型试剂盒检测的结果一致.结论 建立了HLA-DPA1及HLA-DPB1测序分型的方法,在群体遗传学及疾病关联研究等领域具有广泛的实用价值.     

造血干细胞移植受-供者HLA抗原识别部位的核苷酸匹配研究

目的 研究中国人群等待造血干细胞移植受-供者人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigens,HLA)-A、-B、-Cw、-DRBl、-DQB1 5个位点的等位基因及核苷酸匹配情况,从单核苷酸水平探讨最佳供选择方案.方法 采用聚合酶链反应测序分型法(polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing,PCR-SBT),对537对中国人群等待造血干细胞移植受-供者HLA-A、-B、-Cw、-DRB1、-DQB1位点的等位基因进行序列分型,应用BLAST工具分析受-供者HLA核苷酸差异.结果 37对受-供者中HLA-A、-B、-Cw、-DRB1、-DQB1五位点核苷酸完全匹配占16.20%,单个等位基因错配的受-供者对分别占8.38%,0.74%,12.29%,2.42%和2.79%,两个或两个以上等位基因错配比率占42.65%.检出A*02:01-A*02:06,A*02:06-A*02:07,Cw*03:04-Cw*15:02,Cw*03:03-Cw*04:01,Cw*03:04-Cw*14:02,Cw *03:03-Cw*08:01,DRB1*04:03:01-DRB1*04:05不容许错配等位基因对.两对受-供者B*07:05:01-B*07:06,Cw*07:01:01-Cw*07:06抗原识别区外核苷酸错配.结论 在造血干细胞移植选择HLA错配的无关供者时注意受-供核苷酸匹配差异,对HLA抗原识别区内的核苷酸匹配差异和抗原识别区外的核苷酸匹配差异应当加以区别.本研究结果为优化供者选择顺序提供科学参考数据.     

HLA-DQB1等位基因多态性及Th1/Th2细胞相关因子与广西瑶族肝癌家族聚集性的相关性

目的：探讨HLA-DQB1等位基因多态性及相应位点下Th1/Th2细胞相关因子IL-2、IL-4及IL-10对广西瑶族原发性肝癌家族聚集性的影响,为寻找广西瑶族原发性肝癌的遗传易感基因或拮抗基因提供线索。方法：在广西肝癌高发区选取民族为瑶族的肝癌高发家族成员、无癌家族成员各40例作为研究对象（采用相同性别、年龄±5岁配对方法）,采集研究对象外周血并提取全血DNA,应用PCR-SSP的方法对HLA-DQB1等位基因进行检测,应用ELISA法检测IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的水平。结果：（1）广西瑶族肝癌高发家族组的HLA-DQB1*02/09等位基因表达频率高于无癌家族组,两组比较差异明显,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而两组间的HLA-DQB1*04/05/06/07/08等位基因表达频率无显著性差异（P>0.05）。（2）HLA-DQB1各等位基因在乙型肝炎病毒感染组（HBsAg阳性组）及非乙型肝炎病毒感染组（HBsAg阴性组）间的分布频率比较无显著性差异（P值均>0.05）。（3）广西瑶族肝癌高发家族成员组中Th2细胞相关因子IL-4、IL-10平均表达水平高于无癌家族成员组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而两组间的IL-2浓度无显著性差异（P>0.05）。（4）两组中HLA-DQB1*02阳性成员的IL-10平均表达水平高于HLA-DQB1*02阴性成员,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（5）两组中HLA-DQB1*09阳性成员的IL-4平均表达水平高于HLA-DQB1*09阴性成员,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：（1）HLA-DQB1*02/09等位基因可能是广西瑶族居民原发性肝癌发生的易感基因。（2）HLA-DQB1各等位基因与广西瑶族居民的HBV感染可能无显著相关性。（3）IL-4、IL-10表达水平失衡可能是广西瑶族肝癌家族聚集性的危险因素。（4）IL-10表达水平失衡可能与HLA-DQB1*02等位基因的携带有关,而IL-4表达水平失衡可能与HLA-DQB1*09等位基因的携带有关,它们之间共同作用可能与广西瑶族肝癌家族聚集性的发生有相关性。     

烟台地区汉族人群HLA-Ⅱ类基因区五个基因位点多态性分析

目的探讨烟台地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen, HLA)-DPA1、-DPB1、-DQA1、-DQB1、-DRB1五个位点基因分布多态性及基因型。方法收集2020年6月至2020年12月烟台市中心血站检测合格的汉族无偿献血者外周血样本135例, 利用下一代测序(next-generation sequencing, NGS)技术对入组人群进行HLA-DPA1、-DPB1、-DQA1、-DQB1、-DRB1五个位点基因检测和基因型分析, 统计分析HLA-DPA1、-DPB1、-DQA1、-DQB1、-DRB1基因频率特点, 并与其它地区人群基因分布进行比较。结果在HLA-DRB1、DQA1、DQB1、DPA1、DPB1五个位点检出分布频率最高的等位基因分别是DRB1*09:01、DQA1*01:02、DQB1*03:01、DPA1*02:02、DPB1*05:01; 五个位点等位基因中, 发现98种HLA-DRB1基因型, 频率高于1.48%的有7种;66种HLA-DQB1基因型, 频率高于1.48%的有14种;68种HLA-DQA1基因型, 频...     

重庆地区汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性研究

目的了解中国重庆地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原HLA-DRB1基因多态性及其分布特点。方法应用自行建立的聚合酶链式反应-测序为基础的分型方法(PCR-SBT)对190例重庆地区汉族人群进行HLA-DRB1基因分型和多态性分析。结果共检测出13种HLA-DRB1等位基因,20种等位基因型。其中,HLA-DRB1*09:01(29.1%)等位基因频率最高,其次为HLA-DRB1*04:05(12.2%)、HLA-DRB1*08:03(9.3%),基因频率最低的是HLA-DRB1*12:01、HLA-DRB1*12:02、HLA-DRB1*14:05和HLA-DRB1*15:02,各占1.26%。此外,检出的20种HLA-DRB1等位基因型在男女性别间无显著差异。结论成功建立并优化了HLA-DRB1的PCR-SBT基因分型方法;重庆地区汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因呈现多态性,为群体遗传和疾病关联的研究提供了可靠的遗传学数据。     

Comprehensive sequence analysis of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles and characterization of DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes

It is well known that both chain and β chain of HLA-DQ are highly polymorphic. However the polymorphisms outside the hypervariable region were not fully examined so far. To further clarify the polymorphisms in DQ genes, we determined the nucleotide sequences of full length cDNA, spanning from the leader sequence to the stop codon, from 15 DQA1 alleles and 15 DQB1 alleles. We identified several new DQ alleles which had identical exon 2 sequence and were different in other exons. On the basis of the sequence analyses, a comprehensive PCR-based oligotyping system for DQA1 gene was established. We then characterized DRB1-QAP(DQA1 promoter)-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous for HLA and healthy unrelated Japanese and Norwegian populations. It was revealed that DQA1 alleles, which were identical in exon 2 but different in other exons, showed close linkage disequilibrium with diferent characteristic DRB1, QAP and DQB1 alleles. These results suggest that DR-DQ haplotypes have been generated in the early stage of molecular evolution.     

先兆子痫患者HLA-DQA1、-DQB、-DPA1基因多态性

目的：探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQA1、-DQB1、-DPA1基因多态性与先兆子痫发病的关系。方法：采用序列特异性引物技术（PCR-SSP） 对46例先兆子痫患者和105例正常孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-DQ-DPA1等位基因分型。结果：所有标本共检出11种HLA-DQA1基因表型、16种HLA-DQB1基因表型、6种HLA-DPA1基因表型。先兆子痫患者HLA-DQB1＊0301基因频率高于正常孕妇，差异有显著性（Pc=0．032，RR=2．43，AR=0．30），其余各基因表型频率两组比较差异均无显著性。结论：HLA-DQB1＊0301基因可能是一种先兆子痫发病的易感基因。     

HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1 and DPB1 susceptibility alleles in Cameroonian type 1 diabetes patients and controls

It is known that certain combinations of alleles within the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex are associated with susceptibility or resistance to type 1 diabetes. Variable associations of DR and DQ with type 1 diabetes are documented in Caucasians but rarely in African populations; however, the role of HLA-DP genes in type 1 diabetes remains uncertain. In order to investigate the HLA class II associations with type 1 diabetes in Cameroonians, we used sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP) to identify DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles in 10 unrelated C-peptide negative patients with type 1 diabetes and 90 controls from a homogeneous population of rural Cameroon. We found a significantly higher frequency of the alleles DRB1*03 (χ² = 17.9; P = 0.001), DRB1*1301 (χ² = 37.4; P < 0.0001), DQA1*0301 (χ² = 18.5; P = 0.001) and DQB1*0201 (χ² = 37.4; P < 0.001) in diabetes patients compared to the control group. The most frequent alleles in the control population were DQA1*01, DQB1*0602 and DRB1*15. The DRB1*04 allele was not significantly associated with type I diabetes in our study population. We observed no significant difference between patients and controls in DPB1 allele frequency. In conclusion, the data in Cameroonian diabetes patients suggest the existence of HLA class II predisposing and specific protective markers, but do not support previous reports of a primary association between HLA-DP polymorphism and development of type I diabetes .     

HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1 and DPB1 susceptibility alleles in Cameroonian type 1 diabetes patients and controls.

It is known that certain combinations of alleles within the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex are associated with susceptibility or resistance to type 1 diabetes. Variable associations of DR and DQ with type 1 diabetes are documented in Caucasians but rarely in African populations; however, the role of HLA-DP genes in type 1 diabetes remains uncertain. In order to investigate the HLA class II associations with type 1 diabetes in Cameroonians, we used sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP) to identify DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles in 10 unrelated C-peptide negative patients with type 1 diabetes and 90 controls from a homogeneous population of rural Cameroon. We found a significantly higher frequency of the alleles DRB1*03 (chi2 = 17.9; P = 0.001), DRB1*1301 (chi2 = 37.4; P < 0.0001), DQA1*0301 (chi2 = 18.5; P = 0.001) and DQB1*0201 (chi2 = 37.4; P < 0.001) in diabetes patients compared to the control group. The most frequent alleles in the control population were DQA1*01, DQB1*0602 and DRB1*15. The DRB1*04 allele was not significantly associated with type I diabetes in our study population. We observed no significant difference between patients and controls in DPB1 allele frequency. In conclusion, the data in Cameroonian diabetes patients suggest the existence of HLA class II predisposing and specific protective markers, but do not support previous reports of a primary association between HLA-DP polymorphism and development of type I diabetes.     

Allelism between pso1-1 and rev3-1 mutants and between pso2-1 and snm1 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiaee

Summary In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, allelism between the psol-1 and the rev3-1 mutants on the one hand and the pso2-1 and snm1 mutants on the other, is demonstrated by the comparison of phenotypes, complementation tests and meiotic segregation analysis.     

先兆子痫患者HLA-DQA1、-DQB1、-DPA1基因多态性

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQ-A1、DQB1、DPA1基因多态性与先兆子痫发病的关系。方法:采用序列特异性引物技术(PCRSSP)对46例先兆子痫患者和105例正常孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-DQ-DPA1等位基因分型。结果:所有标本共检出11种HLADQA1基因表型、16种HLADQB1基因表型、6种HLADPA1基因表型。先兆子痫患者HLA-DQ-B10301基因频率高于正常孕妇,差异有显著性(Pc=0.032,RR=2.43,AR=0.30),其余各基因表型频率两组比较差异均无显著性。结论:HLADQB10301基因可能是一种先兆子痫发病的易感基因。     

Aspirin-induced asthma and HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 genotypes

Background Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) affects one in 10 individuals with adult-onset asthma. It is not known if aspirin sensitivity is due to immune mechanisms or to interference with biochemical pathways. Objective The study aimed to test for possible involvement of the genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in AIA. Methods HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping was carried out by DNA methods in 59 patients with positive challenge tests for AIA and in 48 normal and 57 asthmatic controls Results The DPB 1*0301 frequency was increased in AIA patients when compared with normal controls (19.5% vs 5.2%, Odds Ratio = 4.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6–12.1, P= 0.002), and compared with asthmatic controls (4.4%, OR = 5.3, 95%CI= 1.9–14.4, P= 0.0001). The frequency of DPB 1*0401 in AIA subjects was decreased when compared with normal controls (28.8% vs 49.0%, OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.24–0.74, P= 0.003) and asthmatic controls (45.6%, OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.28–0.83, P= 0.008). The results remained significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. There were no significant HLA-DRB 1 associations with AIA. Conclusion The presence of an HLA association suggests that immune recognition of an unknown antigen may be part of the aetiology of AIA.     

Glutathione-s-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and associations with type 1 diabetes age-at-onset

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction involving auto-reactive T-cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of insulin. Monozygotic twin studies show a 20–60% concordance with T1D indicating there may be an environmental component to the disease. Glutathione (GSH) is the major endogenous antioxidant produced by the cell. GSH participates directly in the neutralization of free radicals and plays a role in the immune response. Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) conjugate GSH to free-radicals or xenobiotics. GST activity depletes GSH levels and may either detoxify or enhance the toxicity of a compound. Glutathione-s-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione-s-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) have polymorphic homozygous deletion (null) genotypes resulting in complete absence of enzyme activity. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in Caucasian populations have frequencies of approximately 40–60% and 15–20%, respectively. GST null genotypes have been associated with susceptibility to cancer and protection against chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in a group T1D patients and control subjects 0–35 years old who participated in the Combined Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry and Diabetes Incidence Study (1986–1988). Results show that the presence of the GSTM1 and not the null genotype (OR, 2.13 95% CI, 1.23–3.70, p-value, 0.007, Bonferroni corrected p-value, 0.035) may be a susceptibility factor in T1D 14–20 years old. These results suggest that the GSTM1 null genotype is associated with T1D protection and T1D age-at-onset and that susceptibility to T1D may involve GST conjugation.     

Interleukin-1, Interleukin-1 Receptors and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist

IL-1 (IL-1α or IL-1β) is the prototypic “multifunctional” cytokine. Unlike the lymphocyte and colony stimulating growth factors, IL-1 affects nearly every cell type, and often in concert with other cytokines or small mediator molecules. Although some lymphocyte and colony stimulating growth factors may be therapeutically useful, IL-1 is a highly inflammatory cytokine and the margin between clinical benefit and unacceptable toxicity in humans is exceedingly narrow. In contrast, agents that reduce the production and/or activity of IL-1 are likely to have an impact on clinical medicine. In support of this concept, there is growing evidence that the production and activity of IL-1, particularly IL-1β, are tightly regulated events as if nature has placed specific “road blocks” to reduce the response to IL-1 during disease. In addition to controlling gene expression, synthesis and secretion, this regulation extends to surface receptors, soluble receptors and a receptor antagonist. Investigators have studied how production of the different members of the IL-1 family is controlled, the various biological activities of IL-1, the distinct and various functions of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and the complexity of intracellular signaling. Mice deficient in IL-1β, IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE) and IL-1R type I have also been studied. Humans have been injected with IL-1 (either IL-1α or IL-1β) for enhancing bone marrow recovery and for cancer treatment. The IL-1 specific receptor antagonist (IL-IRa) has also been tested in clinical trials.     

Glutathione-s-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and associations with type 1 diabetes age-at-onset

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction involving auto-reactive T-cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of insulin. Monozygotic twin studies show a 20-60% concordance with T1D indicating there may be an environmental component to the disease. Glutathione (GSH) is the major endogenous antioxidant produced by the cell. GSH participates directly in the neutralization of free radicals and plays a role in the immune response. Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) conjugate GSH to free-radicals or xenobiotics. GST activity depletes GSH levels and may either detoxify or enhance the toxicity of a compound. Glutathione-s-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione-s-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) have polymorphic homozygous deletion (null) genotypes resulting in complete absence of enzyme activity. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in Caucasian populations have frequencies of approximately 40-60% and 15-20%, respectively. GST null genotypes have been associated with susceptibility to cancer and protection against chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in a group T1D patients and control subjects 0-35 years old who participated in the Combined Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry and Diabetes Incidence Study (1986-1988). Results show that the presence of the GSTM1 and not the null genotype (OR, 2.13 95% CI, 1.23-3.70, p-value, 0.007, Bonferroni corrected p-value, 0.035) may be a susceptibility factor in T1D 14-20 years old. These results suggest that the GSTM1 null genotype is associated with T1D protection and T1D age-at-onset and that susceptibility to T1D may involve GST conjugation.