心脑血管病和糖尿病血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体的检测

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase type plasminogen activator，u-PA）与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor，u-PAR）是近年特别关注的两个纤溶因子，它们除了纤溶效应外，还参与胞外基质降解、细胞修复和组织重塑等病理生理过程，现发现与许多疾病的发生发展有关，但近几年研究的热点集中在肿瘤，而对非肿瘤疾病的研究甚少。     

血浆tPA、PAI-1、uPA和uPAR水平与糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

业已证实,纤溶系统在2型糖尿病（2-DM）并发症的发生和发展中具有重要的作用。血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）及其抑制剂－1（PAI—I）是纤溶系统非常重要的活性物质,它们之间的动态平衡对维持微血管的正常生理功能可起到重要作用;而近年来尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（uPAR）也受到临床的密切关注,     

suPAR与多发性骨髓瘤预后关系的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(uPAR)组成的纤溶系统调节纤溶酶原的活化过程,可参与细胞的黏附、转移及血管新生,可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体是uPAR的可溶形式,缺乏糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚链结构,在肿瘤患者中高表达,有助于判断肿瘤患者的恶性程度及预后,为探讨肿瘤的治疗提供新途径。在多发性骨髓瘤中,其可通过参与骨基质的降解,刺激破骨细胞的增殖等发挥作用。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物系统与肿瘤关系的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物系统中的某些成分可作为人类肿瘤的预后标志,其中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物、其受体和抑制因子尤为重要。学者们对许多肿瘤的浸润、转移和预后与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物、其受体和抑制因子的含量之间的相关性进行了研究,结果显示,尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物、其受体和抑制因子与肿瘤的浸润、转移有明显相关性,可作为预测患者生存情况的指标。     

胃癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体mRNA表达的临床病理意义

肿瘤细胞和内皮细胞向细胞外基质和基底膜迁移的过程需要一系列蛋白水解酶的参与。尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）作为丝氨酸蛋白酶，与其受体结合后可降解基底膜和细胞外基质成分，从而促进肿瘤的浸润转移及血管新生心。本研究应用原位杂交和免疫组化方法，观察uPA、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（uPAR）和血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）在胃癌组织中的表达，探讨它们与胃癌血管生成、浸润转移及预后的关系。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物在女性乳腺癌中的研究

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物不仅存在于正常的乳腺组织中,同时还存在于乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌及卵巢癌等肿瘤组织中。本文旨在通过对尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物在女性乳腺癌中的研究进展的阐述,更多地了解尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物与癌细胞浸润转移的关系及其可能的作用机制。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体的研究进展及与脑室出血纤溶治疗的关系

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体是近几年基础研究的热点,由它介导的功能包括纤溶降解、细胞迁移、趋化作用、细胞黏附、信号转导等,但其主要功能是纤溶降解。目前向脑室内注射尿激酶联合脑室外引流是治疗脑室出血患者的公认纤溶方法,因此人类脑室系统是否具有尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体、是否具有纤溶能力已成为临床医师关注的焦点。现就此相关问题加以综述。     

uPA/uPAR系统在子宫内膜异位症病程进展中的作用

子宫内膜异位症(EMs)是一种常见的雌激素依赖的良性疾病,指子宫内膜组织异位种植在子宫腔被覆黏膜及子宫肌层以外的部位,最常种植于盆腔脏器和腹膜,以侵犯卵巢最为常见。尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u PA)/尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(u PAR)系统由u PA、u PAR以及纤溶酶原激活物抑制物共同组成,可激活纤溶酶原,还可参与细胞外基质降解、新生血管形成以及信号转导,在一定程度上为在位内膜的黏附及转移、异位内膜的生长及侵袭提供条件,促进EMs的病程进展。     

恶性肿瘤患者血浆tPA、uPA检测的临床意义

组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）都能使纤溶酶原转变成纤溶酶，是机体纤溶系统中的重要激活剂。近年来发现二者可作为促进肿瘤转移的辅助酶，与肿瘤的类型、恶性程度及转移存在一定关系。本文通过分析恶性肿瘤患者血浆中tPA、uPA浓度，来探讨二者浓度与肿瘤之间的内在关系。     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1及其在肺纤维化中的作用

肺纤维化疾病的发生发展是以肺泡炎及间质性肺炎、肺泡上皮受损及胶原异常聚集为特征,而引起肺纤维化的主要原因之一就是众多损伤因素引起尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uplasminogenactivator,UPA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1（plasminogenactivatorinhibition一1,PAI一1）表达比例的失衡,特别是PAI一1活性明显增强。本文综述了近年来国内外对PAI一1及肺纤维化的研究进展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.