郑州地区1180例儿童维生素A、D、E水平研究

目的 了解郑州地区儿童维生素的水平,为临床诊治提供参考.方法 以2016年3月至12月期间在郑州大学第三附属医院儿科门诊健康体检的儿童为研究对象,测量血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、维生素A、E的水平.结果 1180名儿童中,男童755例,女童425例,维生素A平均水平0.22±0.07 mg/L,总体缺乏率为45.34％;维生素D平均水平为64.25±19.65 nmol/L,总体缺乏率为30.51％;维生素E平均水平为4.95±1.64 mg/L,总体缺乏率为51.10％.男童和女童血清维生素E水平差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);郑州市城乡儿童三种血清维生素水平差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 儿童维生素的水平缺乏情况,应引起我们的重视,尤其是维生素E,城乡儿童仍然需要进行及时的维生素补充,以预防儿童维生素缺乏症及其并发症的发生.     

河南省1～7岁健康儿童血清25(OH)D水平分析

目的 了解河南省1～7岁健康儿童维生素D营养状况,为儿童合理补充维生素D、防治维生素D缺乏提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,选取河南省六个地区的妇幼保健院和社区卫生服务站进行体检的1～7岁健康儿童392名,采用化学发光法检测血清25 (OH)D水平,比较不同年龄段、不同性别儿童维生素D不足与缺乏情况.结果 392名1～7岁健康儿童血清25(OH)D平均水平为42.7±15.8nmol/L,不足与缺乏率达59.4％ (233/392),男女童之间差异无统计学意义(=0.500,P=0.618;x2 =0.051,P=0.822);不同年龄组维生素D平均水平及其不足与缺乏比例差异具有统计学意义(F=12.748,P＜0.001;x2=37.077,P＜0.001);维生素D水平随年龄增长而降低,不足与缺乏比例随年龄增长而升高.结论 河南省1～7岁健康儿童维生素D营养状况较差,且与年龄密切相关,应适当增加儿童日照时间,加强合理补充维生素D的科普宣传.     

7234例资料例健康体检者血清25-羟维生素D水平分析

目的 调查北京地区健康体检人群的维生素D水平及状态。方法 回顾2015年6月至2018年10月来我院体检的7 234例体检者的25-羟维生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D]检测结果,分析性别、年龄段、季节等因素对维生素D水平的影响;并于2年后抽查其中500例健康体检人群进行随访,分析其25-羟维生素D检测结果。结果 同季节同年龄段,男女25-羟维生素D水平差异均存在统计学意义;同季节同性别,老年组25-羟维生素D水平普遍高于青年组和中年组,女性25-羟维生素D水平在任意季节都随年龄递增有上升趋势,男性25-羟维生素D水平在夏季、秋季和冬季随年龄递增有上升趋势。同年龄段同性别,青年组和中年组25-羟维生素D水平夏秋季高于冬春季,老年组25-羟维生素D水平变化无此规律,可能与老年组样本量较少有关。人群总体25-羟维生素D缺乏率达60%,男性和女性25-羟维生素D缺乏率分别是45%和67%。春冬季25-羟维生素D缺乏率高,分别为73%和89%,夏秋季25-羟维生素D缺乏率相对低一些,但也都超过50%。不同年龄段25-羟维生素D缺乏率,青年>中年>老年。...     

湛江市区学龄前儿童25-羟维生素D水平研究

目的 调查湛江地区学龄前（0~6岁）健康儿童25-羟维生素D[25（OH）D]水平,了解该人群中维生素D的健康状态。方法选取2017年6月1日~2018年5月31日在我检验中心进行体检的0~6岁儿童共3164例,测定25（OH）D水平,比较不同性别、不同季节的25（OH）D水平。结果 湛江市儿童血清25（OH）D总体水平为（42.75±12.20）ng/ml,男童为（42.27±11.88）ng/ml、女童为（42.93±12.58）ng/ml,不同性别儿童的25（OH）D水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。25（OH）D缺乏和不足的比例随着儿童年龄的增加而增多;秋季25（OH）D水平较其他季节略低。结论 湛江市区0~6岁儿童中缺乏和不足率均随年龄的成长而增高,应积极采取有效措施监督和提高儿童维生素D水平,以减少维生素D相关疾病的发生,提高健康水平。     

青海省儿童轮状病毒腹泻与维生素A、D、E水平研究

目的:研究青海省高原地区儿童轮状病毒腹泻儿童的维生素A、D、E水平,为轮状病毒腹泻患儿诊治提供科学依据。方法:选择青海省妇女儿童医院2017年4月—2018年6月就诊的371例轮状病毒腹泻患儿,定量检测血中维生素A、D、E水平,对比正常儿童血清维生素水平推荐值以及青海省儿童抽样调查血清维生素水平,分析不同年龄、不同性别...     

2018～2023年北京市某医院患者血清维生素D水平特征分析

目的 分析2018年4月至2023年3月北京清华长庚医院成年患者血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平的分布特征和变化趋势。方法 共纳入9 470例在2018年4月至2023年3月于北京清华长庚医院进行血清25(OH)D检测的患者,回顾性分析患者25(OH)D水平在不同性别、年龄、检测季节和年份之间的差异。结果 全体受试者的25(OH)D水平的中位数(四分位数)为16.52(11.58,23.26)ng/mL,其中有6 019(63.6%)例患者为维生素D缺乏(<20ng/mL),2 398(25.3%)例患者为维生素D不足(20～30ng/mL),仅有1 053(11.1%)例患者为维生素D充足状态(>30ng/mL)。患者的25(OH)D水平在不同年龄间和检测的不同季节间差异明显,主要表现为18～39岁年龄组人群较低,春季和秋季水平较低。从2018年到2023年5年间逐年分析显示患者的25(OH)D水平没有明显随年份的变化趋势。结论 目前医院患者的维生素D水平偏低,18～39岁年龄组人群和春季、冬季检测的患者中25(OH)D缺乏的比例较高,提示临床医护应关注就诊患...     

西安地区0-5岁儿童骨碱性磷酸酶结果调查分析

目的调查分析西安地区0-5岁儿童骨碱性磷酸酶（NBAP）活性分布,为防治儿童维生素D缺乏提供依据。方法对1140名0-5岁儿童应用NBAP试剂盒进行检测。结果 1.NBAP异常检出率为39.83%。结合临床症状等确诊为维生素D不同程度缺乏的儿童占29.74%。2.受检男、女NBAP检测结果之间无显著性差异。3.1岁以下组NBAP异常检出率最高,3～5岁组最低。结合临床症状等确诊为维生素D不同程度缺乏的儿童也随年龄的增长呈下降趋势。4.NBAP结果与季节有关,冬春季异常检出率明显高于夏秋季。结论 NBAP异常检出率和维生素D不同程度缺乏的儿童随年龄的增长均呈下降趋势。西安地区0-5儿童NBAP活性异常检出率较高,有很大一部分儿童处于维生素D缺乏的亚临床状态,预防儿童维生素D缺乏的任务刻不容缓。     

不同年龄段反复呼吸道感染患儿血清维生素A、D、E水平变化及其发生预测模型构建

目的 探讨不同年龄段反复呼吸道感染（RRTIs）患儿血清维生素A(Vit A)、维生素D(Vit D)、维生素E(Vit E)水平变化及儿童发生RRTIs的影响因素。方法 选择2021年1月至2022年2月南京医科大学第四附属医院儿科收治的RRTIs患儿150例，将其按照年龄分组，另将120例健康儿童作为对照组，对比不同年龄患儿血清Vit A、Vit D及Vit E水平变化，采用Lasso回归模型及Logistic回归分析儿童发生RRTIs的独立影响因素，使用Python3.6基于Softmax策略构建人工神经网络模型，并评价模型区分度和应用价值。结果 0～2岁组患儿Vit A、Vit D及Vit E水平低于其他年龄段儿童，随着年龄的增加，患儿生素A、Vit D水平增加，Vit E水平降低（P<0.05）。被动吸烟、日均户外活动时间低于1 h、年抗生素使用次数≥3次是儿童发生RRTIs的独立危险因素，而血清锌、IgA、IgM、IgG、Vit A、Vit D及Vit E水平为儿童发生RRTIs的独立保护因素（P<0.05）。人工神经网络模型显示，血清锌、Vit A、Vit D...     

男性2型糖尿病患者维生素D营养状况及其对骨代谢指标的影响

目的 了解男性2型糖尿病患者维生素D营养状况及其对骨代谢指标的影响.方法 采用Roche E170全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪检测258例男性2型糖尿病患者血清的25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽(tPINP)和Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-CTX).根据血清25 (OH)D水平分为维生素D严重缺乏(＜25nmol/L)、缺乏(≥25nmol/L且＜ 50nmol/L)、不足(≥50nmol/L且＜75 nmol/L)和充足(≥75nmol/L).结果 男性2型糖尿病患者总体25(OH)D浓度为33.80±18.43nmol/L,为维生素D缺乏水平.根据年龄将受试者分为中年组(35 ～49岁)、老年前期组(50 ～ 59岁)、老年1组(60～69岁)、老年2组(＞70岁),发现随着年龄的增长,25(0H)D的浓度呈逐渐降低趋势,老年2组的25(OH)D显著低于中年组(P=0.044),而骨标志物在各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).258例男性2型糖尿病患者中维生素D严重缺乏、缺乏、不足、充足的比例分别为36.43％ (94/258)、48.45％(125/258)、11.63％ (30/258)和3.49％ (9/258).维生素D严重缺乏组的β-CTX明显高于其他各营养状况组(均P＜0.05),而tPINP在各营养状况组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).相关分析表明,血清25(OH)D水平与β-CTX呈负相关(r=-0.197,P=0.001),与tPINP无相关性(r=-0.046,P =0.464).结论 男性2型糖尿病患者存在严重维生素D缺乏和不足状况,维生素D严重缺乏对骨吸收可能有影响.     

695名0～12岁儿童维生素D及骨营养状况分析研究

目的了解0~12岁儿童维生素D及骨营养的状况,并探讨维生素D的含量对儿童骨营养的影响。方法儿童保健门诊2013年1月-2014年1月来我院儿保门诊健康体检695名0~12岁儿童,采用酶联免疫法进行血清25-(OH)D检测,采用定量超声技术(QUS)测定超声速度值(SOS),根据同年龄、同性别SOS标准值的百分位数划成低骨强度和正常骨强度。结果 25-(OH)D的平均浓度为(64.15±31.69nmol/L),男性与女性25-(OH)D水平差异无统计学意义(t=1.631,P0.05);维生素D缺乏组的低骨密度发生率大于维生素D正常组,前者骨的SOS值小于后者,两者统计学具有显著差异(P0.05)。结论维生素D缺乏会影响儿童骨营养的状况乃至骨的发育,应重视3~12岁儿童维生素D的补充,增强少年儿童的身体素质。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964