西酞普兰与米氮平治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的:评价西酞普兰与米氮平治疗抑郁症的疗效与不良反应.方法:将98例抑郁症患者随机平分为两组,分别给予西酞普兰和米氮平治疗,疗程8周.用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度(CGI-SI)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应.结果:西酞普兰与米氮平对抑郁症疗效相仿,不良反应少.结论:西酞普兰是一种安全有效的抗抑郁药.     

碳酸锂合并米氮平治疗双相抑郁临床研究

目的:探讨碳酸锂合并米氮平治疗双相抑郁的疗效及安全性。方法:将26例双相抑郁患者给予碳酸锂合并米氮平治疗。疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效,以副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:治疗8周,HAMD评分较治疗前显著减少(P<0.01),治疗各周TESS评分均无明显增加(P均>0.05)。结论:碳酸锂合并米氮平治疗双相抑郁有效,不良反应较少,没有诱发躁狂的风险。     

西酞普兰合用利培酮治疗强迫症临床分析

目的:探讨西酞普兰合用利培酮治疗强迫症的疗效及不良反应.方法:将37例强迫症患者随机分为西酞普兰合用利培酮组和西酞普兰单用组,治疗8周.采用强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应.结果:治疗结束时,两组Y-BOCS、HAMD的评分均显著降低,合用组更明显.两组间TESS评分比较无显著差异.结论:西酞普兰合用利培酮治疗强迫症可提高疗效.     

丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效观察

目的 探讨丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效和安全性.方法 对60例伴躯体症状抑郁症患者随机分为研究组与对照组,研究组采用丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗,对照组用西酞普兰治疗,治疗8周,两组分别在治疗2、4、6、8周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定疗效,以副反应症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 与对照组相比,研究组HAMD评分减分率显著增大,CGI评分显著降低,两组TESS评分相当.结论 丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症疗效较单用西酞普兰好,安全性较好.     

西酞普兰与米氮平治疗伴有焦虑的抑郁症对照研究

目的:探讨西酞普兰对伴有焦虑的抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将89例伴有焦虑的抑郁症患者随机分为两组,分别给予西酞普兰和米氮平治疗,用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)、副反应量表(TESS)评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果:两组疗效差异无显著性。从治疗第1周末开始,两组HAMD、HAMA总分均有显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:西酞普兰治疗伴有焦虑的抑郁症起效快,疗效与米氮平相似。     

西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的:比较西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:将46例抑郁症患者随机分成两组,分别给予西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗。疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)及实验室检查评定不良反应。结果:西酞普兰组与帕罗西汀组疗效相似,不良反应均较轻,治疗2周时以西酞普兰组HAMD减分率显著较多。结论:西酞普兰治疗抑郁症起效快,疗效好,安全范围广。     

西酞普兰治疗阿尔茨海默病所致抑郁对照研究

目的:比较西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)所致抑郁的患者临床疗效和安全性.方法:80例诊断为AD的抑郁患者,随机分成两组,分别用西酞普兰和阿米替林治疗8周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和副反应量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗2、4、6、8周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果:西酞普兰组与阿米替林组HAMD评分差异无显著性.西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少而轻.结论:西酞普兰治疗阿尔茨海默病的抑郁疗效好,安全性高,不良反应轻微.     

西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床研究

目的比较西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效与不良反应。方法56例脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为西酞普兰组和氟西汀组,治疗6周。治疗前后用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、疾病严重程度量表(CGI-SI)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果西酞普兰与氟西汀疗效相当,显效率82.1%;西酞普兰较氟西汀起效快,治疗1、2周末两组HAMD评分比较差异有显著性。两组TESS评分差异无显著性。结论西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁安全、有效。     

艾斯西酞普兰合并认知疗法治疗酒依赖伴抑郁的临床对照研究

目的 评价艾司西酞普兰合并认知治疗对酒依赖伴抑郁障碍的临床疗效及安全性.方法 采用随机数字法将62例伴抑郁障碍的酒依赖患者分成艾司西酞普兰合并认知治疗组(研究组)和单用艾司西酞普兰治疗组(对照组)各31例,治疗8周,于治疗前及治疗后第1、2、4、8周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定临床疗效及不良反应.结果 治疗后第2、4、8周末两组HAMD、HAMA及CGI评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);两组间HAMD、HAMA及CGI评分在治疗后第1、2、4、8周末比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01);两组有效率分别为93.55％和74.20％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 艾司西酞普兰合并认知治疗对酒依赖伴抑郁障碍的疗效优于单用艾司西酞普兰,且起效更快,不良反应相当.     

西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁的对照研究

目的 比较西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁症状的疗效和安全性.方法 50例精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为2组,分别用西酞普兰和文拉法辛治疗6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),简明精神病量表(BPRS)和副反应评定量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗1、2、4、6周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 2组治疗后HAMD和 BPRS评分均较治疗前下降(P＜0.01),2组疗效无显著性差异(P＞0.05),2组不良反应发生率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁疗效相当,安全性高,不良反应轻微.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的：探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法：应用M eta分析对17篇奥氮平与其他抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析。结果：奥氮平自身对照比较的治疗效应极大（χ^2=141.00，P〈0.05）。治疗2周和治疗结束，奥氮平与对照药疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评分比较差异亦无显著性（P〉0.05）。与对照药相比，奥氮平的不良反应显著少于对照药组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：奥氮平与对照药的临床疗效相仿，但不良反应明显较少。