抗rSjCTPI单克隆抗体检测血吸虫循环抗原疗效考核价值研究

目的 进一步探讨抗重组血吸虫磷酸丙糖异构酶（rSjCTPI）的单克隆抗体检测血吸虫循环抗原对血吸虫病疗效考核的价值。方法 建立以纯化的抗日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原（SEA）的多克隆抗体（IgG）为捕捉系统,以酶标抗rSjCTPI为检测系统的酶联免疫吸附试验（P-M-ELISA）法,分别对同批治疗前及治疗后2、4、6、12个月的血吸虫病人进行检测,并与常规检测抗体的SEA-ELISA法比较。结果 P-M-ELISA法对治疗前血吸虫病人检测阳性率为96.6%,而检测抗体的SEA-ELISA为98.3%,P-M-ELISA法对治愈后2、4、6、12个月血清循环抗原检测阴转率分别为15.3%、37.3%、52.0%、83.3%,而检测抗体的SEA-ELISA法分别为3.4%、6.8%、12.0%、16.7%。结论 表明该法既有较好的诊断价值,又有较好的疗效考核价值。     

抗rSjCTPI单克隆抗体检测血吸虫循环抗原的研究

为探讨抗重组血吸虫磷酸丙糖异构酶（ｒＳｊＣＴＰＩ）的单克隆抗体检测血吸虫循环酶抗原在血吸虫病免疫诊断和疗效考核中的价值。制备日本血吸虫ｒＳｊＣＴＰＩ表达蛋白,以此重组蛋白免疫小鼠,筛选出高效价的抗ｒＳｊＣＴＰＩ单抗,建立以纯化的抗血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原（ＳＥＡ）的多克隆抗体（ＩｇＧ）为捕捉系统,以酶标的抗ｒＳｊＣＴＰＩ单抗为检测系统的酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｐ－Ｍ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测血吸虫病人等血清。并对该法的敏感性、特异性、交叉反应以及疗效考核与常规的ＳＥＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ比较。结果获得了一株抗ｒＳｊＣＴＰＩ的单克隆抗体,其抗体同型为ＩｇＧ１。Ｐ－Ｍ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检浊急性、慢性血吸虫病人、健康人以及华枝睾吸虫病人、肺吸虫病人血清的阳性率分别为１００％、９１．７％、０、０和０。而ＳＥＡ－ＥＬＴＳＡ为１００％、９８．３％、６．     

组分抗原斑点金标免疫渗滤法检测血吸虫短程抗体的研究

目的建立一种可用于检测血吸虫病人短程抗体的斑点金标免疫渗滤法（dot immuno-gold filtration assay,DIG-FA）。方法将血吸虫可溶性虫卵组分抗原（107～121 kDa）包被于混纤膜上,以胶体金标记的抗人IgG为二抗,建立组分抗原-DIGFA。用该法检测慢性血吸虫病人、健康人、卫氏并殖吸虫病人和华支睾吸虫病人血清。同时与血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原（SEA）-DIGFA比较。结果检测54份慢性血吸虫病人血清,组分抗原-DIGFA敏感性为94.4%,SEA-DIGFA敏感性为96.3%,两种方法检测50份正常人血清的特异性均为100%。检测19份卫氏并殖吸虫病人血清和30份华支睾吸虫病人血清,SEA-DIGFA敏感性分别为26.3%和10.0%,组分抗原-DIGFA均未检出阳性反应。结论应用组分抗原-DIGFA检测血吸虫短程抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且与其他吸虫病几乎无交叉反应,特异性优于SEA-DIGFA。     

血吸虫感染小鼠早期诊断抗原的研究

目的对已知的6种日本血吸虫抗原的早期诊断价值进行评价,为研制用于哨鼠早期诊断的免疫试剂提供候选抗原。方法用日本血吸虫尾蚴感染小鼠,收集感染前及感染后不同时间的小鼠血清。采用重组日本血吸虫中国大陆株23kDa膜蛋白大亲水性肽段与谷胱甘肽的融合表达蛋白（GST-HD）、可溶性虫卵抗原（SEA）、血吸虫四跨膜蛋白第二亲水基团（TSP2HD）、血吸虫虫卵蛋白（IPSE）、日本血吸虫虫卵毛蚴抗原（SjMP-10）及日本血吸虫信号蛋白（Sj14-3-3）作为诊断抗原,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测感染血吸虫后不同时间小鼠血清中特异性抗体IgM和IgG水平,通过分析感染后不同时间点抗原特异性抗体水平变化及阳性率,筛选具有血吸虫感染早期诊断价值的抗原分子。采用免疫印迹试验进一步验证其对血吸虫急性感染早期诊断的价值。结果感染后第18、21、28天,抗GST-HD抗体IgM阳性率分别为60%、70%、100%,特异性IgG阳性率分别为40%、60%、90%;抗SEA抗体IgM阳性率为50%、60%、90%,特异性IgG阳性率为20%、50%、70%;抗TSP2HD抗体IgM阳性率为30%、40%、50%,特异性IgG阳性率为20%、30%、70%;抗IPSE抗体IgM阳性率为20%、30%、50%,特异性IgG阳性率为20%、30%、60%;抗SjMP-10抗体IgM阳性率为10%、20%、20%,特异性IgG阳性率为10%、20%、30%;抗Sj14-3-3抗体IgM阳性率为0、10%、20%,特异性IgG阳性率为0、10%、30%。以GST-HD融合蛋白和SEA为抗原,检测小鼠早期感染血吸虫的敏感性高于Sj14-3-3、IPSE、TSP、MP-10,检测IgM的敏感性高于IgG。免疫印迹试验结果显示,SEA中分子量在73kDa左右的蛋白条带可被感染后1周小鼠血清所识别,并随着时间推移反应加强。GST-HD最早出现反应的血清是感染后第10天小鼠血清,反应强度在感染后第5周达到最强。结论重组GST-HD融合蛋白与SEA中分子量约73kDa的蛋白分子具有血吸虫感染早期诊断价值,免疫印迹试验的敏感性比酶联免疫吸附试验高。     

基于A1E3及B1C4单克隆抗体检测日本血吸虫循环抗原ELISA法的建立及现场初步应用

目的 目的 建立基于A1E3及B1C4单克隆抗体检测日本血吸虫循环抗原的夹心酶联免疫吸附试验 （ELISA）, 并对其 应用情况进行初步评价。 方法 方法 采用十二烷基磺酸钠?聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 （SDS?PAGE） 和免疫印迹试验 （Western blot? ting） 对A1E3及B1C4单克隆抗体进行特性分析, 用ELISA 法测定B1C4、 A1E3单克隆抗体效价。采用棋盘格滴定法确定双 单抗夹心ELISA法检测循环抗原的最佳工作浓度。在最佳条件下, 分别检测20份急性血吸虫病病人血清、 46份慢性血吸 虫病病人血清及20份正常人血清, 评价其检测敏感性和特异性。用建立的双单抗夹心ELISA法和市售检测血吸虫循环抗 原的ELISA试剂盒检测湖北省江陵县IHA阳性血吸虫病病人血清72份, 以评估双单抗夹心ELISA法的检测效能。 结果 结果 经SDS?PAGE和Western blotting分析, 纯化后的A1E3及B1C4在相对分子质量 （Mr ） 88 000和52 000处各有一条清晰重链, 在Mr 20 000处有一条相同的轻链, 且A1E3及B1C4可与可溶性虫卵抗原 （SEA） 及急性血吸虫病病人血清发生特异性反 应。B1C4单抗效价可达1∶105 , A1E3单抗效价可达1∶30 000。用B1C4、 A1E3双单抗夹心ELISA法检测急、 慢性血吸虫病 病人血清阳性率分别为100%和86.9%, 检测20份正常人血清特异性为100%。双单抗夹心ELISA法及市售ELISA试剂盒 检测日本血吸虫循环抗原阳性率分别为45.8%及43.1%。 结论 结论 成功建立了基于A1E3及B1C4双单抗夹心ELISA法, 该 法检测日本血吸虫循环抗原具有较高的敏感性及特异性。     

基于A1E3及BIC4单克隆抗体检测日本血吸虫循环抗原ELISA法的建立及现场初步应用

目的建立基于AlE3及B1C4单克隆抗体检测日本血吸虫循环抗原的夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）,并对其应用情况进行初步评价。方法采用十二烷基磺酸钠一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和免疫印迹试验（Westernblot-ring）对A1E3及B1C4单克隆抗体进行特性分析,用ELISA法测定B1C4、A1E3单克隆抗体效价。采用棋盘格滴定法确定双单抗夹心ELISA法检测循环抗原的最佳工作浓度。在最佳条件下,分别检测20份急性血吸虫病病人血清、46份慢性m吸虫病病人血清及20份止常人血清,评价其检测敏感性和特异性。用建立的双单抗夹心ELISA法和市售检测血吸虫循环抗原的ELISA试剂盒检测湖北省江陵县IHA阳性血吸虫病病人血清72份,以评估双单抗夹心ELlSA法的检测效能。结果经SDS-PAGE和Westernblotting分析,纯化后的A1E3及B1C4在相对分子质量（M,）88000和52000处各有一条清晰重链,在吖．20000处有一条相同的轻链,且A1E3及B1c4可与可溶性虫卯抗原（SEA）及急性血口发虫病病人血清发牛特异性反应。BlC4单抗效价可达1：10^5,A1E3单抗效价可达1：30000。用B1C4、A1E3双单抗夹心ELISA法检测急、慢性血吸虫病病人粗清阳性率分别为100％和86．9％,检测20份正常人血清特异性为100％。双单抗夹心ELISA法及市售EIJJsA试剂盒检测日本血吸虫循环抗原阳性率分别为45．8％及43．1％。结论成功建立了基于A1E3及B1C4双单抗夹心ELISA法,该法检测日本m吸虫循环抗原具有较高的敏感性及特异性。     

单克隆抗体74D_(11)、SJA_(111)检测慢性日本血吸虫病循环抗原的研究

本研究用双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测慢性日本血吸虫病人血清循环抗原，观察血吸虫感染家兔血清循环抗原的动态变化。该方法采用兔抗ＡＷＡ－ＩｇＧ作包被抗体，抗日本血吸虫成虫和虫卵单抗ＳＪＡ１１１和７４Ｄ１１组合作Ⅱ抗，１７２例经粪孵毛蚴确诊的血吸虫病人中，１３６例循环抗原阳性（７９．１％），其中轻度（毛蚴数＜５只／２０克粪）、中度（６－２０）、重度（大于２０）感染者循环抗原阳性率分别为７３．４％、８７．７％、９２．８％，检测６５例健康献血员，２０例肺吸虫病人，１２例华支睾吸虫病人，１０倒包虫病人，交叉反应率依次为１．５％、５％、０％、０％，４２例经吡喹酮治疗后的血吸虫病人用该方法复查，治后３月和６月随访粪孵毛蚴阴转者中，循环抗原阴转率分别为７８．０％和９２．１％，考核疗效明显优于检测循环抗体。用单抗ＳＪＡ１１１检测感染家兔循环抗原动态变化，循环抗原于感染后３—４周可检出，７周达高峰，以后逐渐消退，而循环抗体（ＩｇＧ）推迟１周出现，８－９周达高峰。实验结果表明，血吸虫病血清ＣＡｇ阳性率与感染度有关，可在早期检出，检测方法具有较高敏感性和特异性，可用于早期诊断和疗效考核。     

日本血吸虫病患者尿液中循环抗原和抗体联合检测的诊断价值

[目的 ]探讨尿液中血吸虫循环抗原和抗体检测对日本血吸虫病的诊断价值。 [方法 ]用单克隆抗体夹心 ELISA法检测日本血吸虫病患者尿液中循环抗原 ,间接ELISA检测尿液中特异性抗体。 [结果 ]10例急性血吸虫病和 6 1例慢性血吸虫病患者尿液中循环抗原的阳性率分别为 6 0 %和 40 % ,特异性抗体的阳性率分别为 80 %和 6 1 7%。两者联合检测的总阳性率分别为 10 0 %和 71 7%。 10 0例健康对照者尿液中仅 3%出现假阳性。 [结论 ]检测尿液中日本血吸虫循环抗原和特异性抗体简便、实用 ,为一种非损伤性的血吸虫病诊断方法。     

卵黄抗体IgY检测血吸虫病人循环抗原的初步研究

目的 探讨抗可溶性虫卵抗原（SEA）卵黄抗体（IgY）检测血吸虫循环抗原的应用价值。方法以纯化的鸡IgY作为捕捉抗体,以酶标抗SEA单克隆抗体NP28-5B为检测抗体的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法（S-ELISA）检测急、慢性血吸虫病人和健康人血清,并与常规检测抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验法（SEA-ELISA）作比较。结果S-ELISA测得SEA浓度（y）与吸光度（A450）值（x）呈明显的正相关（y=459．22x-108．14,r=0．9481）。急性血吸虫病人循环抗原的阳性率为100．00％（9／9）,慢性血吸虫病人循环抗原的阳性率为84．44％（38／45）,健康人的特异性为96．00％（48／50）。两种方法对血吸虫病的检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论S-ELISA具有较好的敏感性和特异性,可用于血吸虫病免疫诊断。     

检测血吸虫循环抗原的多价单克隆抗体诊断试剂盒的研制和应用

用杂交瘤技术生产抗血吸虫肠相关循环阳极抗原（ＣＡＡ）单克隆抗体与血吸虫卵糖蛋白单克隆抗体经混合后标记辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ），制成Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断试剂盒，检测轻、中、重不同疫区粪检阳性的血吸虫病人血清中循环抗原，阳性率分别为８４．３％、８７．２％和９１．５％。累计阳性率为８９．２％（６１９／６９４）。对健康人、肝吸虫、肺吸虫病人血清均未出现阳性反应，显示有较高的敏感性和特异性。ＥＰＧ＞８０的病人循环抗原检出率高干ＥＰＧ／８０的病人。说明循环抗原检出率与感染度有关。血吸虫病人经吡喹酮治疗后半年和１年循环抗原转阴率分别为７１．４％和８８．６％。结果表明．该试剂盒可用于确诊病人和考核疗效。试剂盒质量稳定，操作简便快速，整个试验可在１小时内完成，且不需特殊仪器，适于现场大规模查病应用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.