加强护士情商培养与提高健康教育质量

目的 探讨护士情商培养与提高健康教育质量的重要性.方法 实施健康教育转变医疗服务理念,从护士的自我认识、自我控制、情感宣泄等方面进行情绪调控,实行换位思考,发挥情商在健康教育中作用.结果 只有加强护士情商培养,学习相关专业知识,认识到情商在健康教育中的作用,实行人性化服务,才能保证健康教育的质量.结论 加强护士情商的培养,有利于提高健康教育质量.     

情商对护理工作的影响

情商高低对一个人工作或事业成功与否有着重大的影响。本文通过对服务对象的复杂性、健康需求的特殊性、护理工作的专业性来阐述护理工作特点;对情商与智商品质的不同、形成基础有所不同、作用不同以及情商是可以通过后天培养与修炼来阐述情商的特点。并介绍了提高情商的几种方法 ,且结合蕲春县人民医院的实际,注重人性化管理,重视情商的教育和培养。结果 :在护士身心健康得到明显好转、个人素质、耐受挫折、处理问题的能力均有明显提高的同时,工作效率及服务质量也得到了明显提高。     

药学服务中药师情商的培养

目的提高药学服务中药师的情商。方法分析情商在药学服务中的作用,探讨提高药师情商的方法。结果与结论自我情绪的控制、感知和调节患者的情绪,是药师必备的情商。对药师进行药学服务理论的教育和药学服务实践的培训,是提高药师情商的基本要素。     

当代大学生的思想教育存在问题与对策

进入21世纪以来，大学生思想教育工作既保持着原有的重要性，又面临着一些新形势。该文从大学生思想现状、存在问题、大学生思想教育的主要任务、提高教育效果的措施等方面进行阐述，探讨大学生思想教育的实施途径。     

浅析新媒体环境下大学生理想信念教育

新媒体时代的来临,给大学生理想信念教育带来了机遇和挑战。如何解决传统理想信念教育中存在的问题,加强和改进大学生理想信念教育,已成为高校思想政治工作的重要任务。该文从分析新媒体的特点入手,分析当前理想信念教育存在的问题,提出解决对策。     

新时期高校大学生思想政治教育问题研究

大学生是社会宝贵的人才资源,是民族的希望、祖国的未来。加强和改进大学生思想政治教育,具有重大而深远的现实意义。本文首先从目前大学生在思想教育方面的现状出发,指出其中存在的问题;在此基础上,深入分析了产生这种问题的原因;最后提出了在新时期加强大学生思想政治教育的新路径。     

关于大学生文化素质教育的思考

文化素质教育是大学生素质教育的重要内容之一，提高大学生的文化素质是高等学校人才培养的基本要求。本文从分析大学生文化素质的内涵入手，探讨了目前在这一问题上存在的误区，提出了加强大学生文化素质教育的措施。     

网络环境下思想政治教育路径探索

当前,网络以其平等参与、瞬间扩散的方式,深刻改变着大学生的思维方式、道德观念和价值追求,为高校思想政治教育工作带来了新的机遇,也使网络思想政治教育中存在的问题凸显出来。高校必须以大学生的全面发展为目的,探讨网络环境下思想政治教育实效性路径。     

关于现代医学生教育的思考

抓好医学生教育与管理,实施医学规范教育是医科类院校的主要任务和提高教学水平的关键。但随着社会的发展,社会对医疗行业需求的变化及医学知识的日新月异,传统的医学生教育模式出现了许多新的问题。本文就教学方式、医德培养、法律意识培养及情商培养方面对如何做好医学生的教育管理工作,培养高素质的医学人才进行探讨。     

网络环境下高校班主任管理方法探究

针对目前高校大学生管理的现状进行问卷调查,从网络背景、高校思想政治网络阵地建设、班主任工作方法以及大学生主体性等方面进行分析,根据存在的实际问题,提出班主任管理方法的一些建议和对策,为进一步加强和改进网络环境下大学生思想政治教育提供理论依据。     

女性吸毒者情感智商的病例-对照研究

目的··:了解情感智商 (EQ)的高低与女性吸毒的关系 ,以便为制定防复吸干预措施提供科学的依据。方法··:采用成组病例 -对照研究方法 ,调查了310名女性吸毒者和357名对照的EQ。结果··:女性吸毒者的EQ普遍低于对照组 ,表现为(1)吸毒女性自我形象差 (P<0.05) ;(2)情绪管理能力差 ,不能耐受挫折 (P<0.001) ,不善于抒解愤怒(P<0.001) ,时常自暴自弃以及感觉孤独(P<0.001) ;(3)人际关系的管理能力差(P<0.001) ;(4)情绪导向错误,责任心不强,不能专注眼前工作以及自我克制力差(P<0.001) ;(5)情绪判读能力差 ,不能从别人角度看事情 ,不能为他人着想以及不能耐心倾听别人的意见(P<0.001)。结论··:女性吸毒与EQ低下有一定的关系     

团队情商在护理管理中的应用

目的通过团队情商的管理，建立一支高情商的护理团队。方法分析影响护理团队情商的因素，探讨提高护理团队情商管理的途经。结果高情商的护理团队乐观上进，协作能力强，工作效率高。低情商的护理团队人心涣散，士气低落，工作效率低。结论护理团队情商的高低影响护理团队的工作绩效。     

Hepatic metabolism, phase I and II biotransformation enzymes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar, L) during a 12 week feeding period with graded levels of the synthetic antioxidant, ethoxyquin.

The synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (EQ) is a widely used additive in animal feeds, including farmed fish feed. The use of EQ as food additive is prohibited and it is also undesirable in farmed meat and fish products. The possible negative aspects of EQ in fish feeds, such as modulation of hepatic detoxifying enzymes and possible effects through "carry-over" to edible parts of fish are not known. In addition, the subsequent consequences for human consumers have not been previously studied. In the present work, the alteration in gene and protein expression patterns, and catalytic activities of phase I and II hepatic biotransformation enzymes due to prolonged exposure to graded levels of dietary EQ in the range of 11-1800 mg EQ/kg feed were studied. The kinetics of parent EQ and its major metabolite, ethoxyquin dimer (EQDM) was also studied. In general two weeks seem to be the critical point in the entire toxicological response of salmon to dietary consumed EQ. Biotransformation of EQ to EQDM is shown to be a rapid process. However, the decrease in biotransformation rate results in the accumulation of EQ metabolites, high concentration of which was postulated to alter translation and post-translational modification of CYP3A, GST and UDPGT at feeding day 14 and 42, with subsequent decreases in the biotransformation of consumed EQ. Decrease in the biotransformation of consumed EQ produced the retention of un-metabolized EQ rather than metabolites in salmon liver. This may be considered as undesirable effect, since it could lead to the transport and accumulation in other organs and edible tissues. It may also cause a new wave of biotransformation with formation of metabolites inhibiting detoxifying enzymes. In general, these processes may prolong the excretion of dietary EQ from the fish body and produce EQ-derived residues in the ready-to-consume salmon or fish products. These EQ residues may have higher toxicological effects for human consumers than the parent compound and therefore need to be studied in more detail.     

Accumulation and depuration of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin in the muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

The biological fate of the fish feed additive, ethoxyquin (EQ) was examined in the muscle of Atlantic salmon during 12 weeks of feeding followed by a 2 weeks depuration period. Parent EQ (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline), quinone imine (2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolone), de-ethylated EQ (6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) and EQDM (EQ dimer or 1,8'-di(1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline) were found to be the ubiquitous metabolites of dietary EQ, with EQDM as a main metabolite. A rapid decrease in the level of EQ (2.4 days of half-life) was balanced by an increase in EQDM, giving an unchanged net sum following 2 weeks of depuration. The mandatory 14 days depuration period prior to slaughtering of farmed salmon in Norway was not sufficient for complete elimination of EQ-derived residuals. Post depuration, EQDM accounted for 99% of sum of the two compounds in all treatment groups; possible toxicological effects of EQDM are not known. The individual concentrations of EQ and EQDM and their sum are dependent on EQ level in the feed, consequently, their residual concentrations may be controlled. The theoretical amount of EQ and EQDM consumed in one meal of farmed salmon would be under the recommended ADI, provided that the fish were raised on feed with no more than 150 mg EQ/kg feed, which is the EU maximum limit for EQ in fish feed.     

综合医院心理咨询门诊93例青春期学习困难学生的智商结构分析

目的探讨综合医院心理咨询门诊青春期学习困难学生的智商特点,为制定针对性的治疗措施提供心理学依据。方法用中国修订的韦氏儿童智力量表或韦氏成人智力量表对93例青春期学习困难学生进行智力测试。结果93例学生的总智商：（97．15±13．86）,｜操作智商-言语智商｜≥15占44．10％（P〉0．05）,以平常智商最多,占49．46％（46例）。男孩在总智商和知觉组织智商均高于女孩（P〈0．05）。青春期后期学生的记忆／不分心智商较青春期前期高（P〈0．05）。结论综合医院心理咨询门诊就诊的学习困难青春期学生总体智力水平在正常范围,言语智力和操作智力发展平衡,但不同性别和年龄段在智力结构发展上有一定差异。     

Ovine urinary metabolites of ethoxyquin.

Metabolites of ethoxyquin (EQ, 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) in the urine of sheep and rats were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sheep were given diets containing EQ or EQ.HCl (0.5% of total diet) and urine samples were collected for the first 24 h and for another 24-h period after 12 d of feeding. Rats were given EQ/corn oil (0.08 g EQ/d/rat) orally for 7 d and urine samples were collected at ambient temperature for a 24-h period following 6 d of dosing. The urine samples were extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 5, and the concentrated extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. Ethoxyquin was identified in all sheep urine samples collected during the first 24 h of feeding, and EQ and hydroxylated EQ were identified in all urine samples collected after 12 d of feeding. In contrast, EQ, hydroxylated EQ, and dihydroxylated EQ were identified in urine collected from rats fed EQ for 7 d.     

Hepatic biotransformation and metabolite profile during a 2-week depuration period in Atlantic salmon fed graded levels of the synthetic antioxidant, ethoxyquin.

The synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (EQ) is increasingly used in animal feeds and has been candidate for carcinogenicity testing. EQ has the potential for toxicological and adverse health effects for both fish and fish consumers through "carryover" processes. The toxicological aspects of EQ have not been systematically investigated. The present study was performed to investigate the hepatic metabolism, metabolite characterization, and toxicological aspects of EQ in salmon during a 2-week depuration after a 12-week feeding period with 18 mg (low), 107 mg (medium), and 1800 mg/kg feed (high). The alteration in gene expressions and catalytic activities of hepatic biotransformation enzymes were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific primer pairs and by kinetics of two identified hepatic metabolites. Analysis of EQ metabolism was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and showed the detection of four compounds of which two were quantified, parent EQ and EQ dimer (EQDM). Two metabolites were identified as de-ethylated EQ (DEQ) and quinone imine, but these were not quantified. The concentration of the quantified EQ-related compounds in the liver at day 0 showed a positive linear relationship with measured dietary EQ (R2= 0.86 and 0.92 for parent EQ and EQDM, respectively). While the low-EQ-feeding group showed a time-specific increase of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mRNA expression, the medium-dose group showed decreased AhR mRNA at depuration day 7. Expression of CYP1A1 was decreased during the depuration period. Consumption of dietary EQ produced the expression of CYP3A, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferase (UDPGT) mRNA during the depuration period. A similar pattern of effect was observed for both CYP3A and phase II genes and supports our previous postulation of common regulation of these enzymes by the same inducer, namely EQ metabolites. The increase of CYP3A, UDPGT, and GST gene expressions at day 7 was in accordance with the low concentration of DEQ. The low concentration of putative DEQ may induce the CYP3A with subsequent increase in the biotransformation of EQ into DEQ. The increase in UDPGT may seem to be a synchronizing mechanism required for the excretion of DEQ. The biotransformation of dietary EQ is proven by simultaneous induction of both phase I and II detoxification system in the liver of Atlantic salmon. Therefore, the apparent low concentration of putative DEQ may account for the induced phase I and II detoxifying enzymes at least during depuration. This speculated hypothesis is currently a subject for systematic investigation in our laboratory using in vitro and genomic approaches.     

Degree of ethoxyquin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat is dependent on age and sex

The toxicity of ethoxyquin (EQ) to rat kidney was examined in males which were either weanling or adult at the beginning of the experiment, and also in adult females. Female rats were much less susceptible to the toxic effects of EQ than males of the same age. In males damage to the cortex, mainly as an acceleration of the normal ageing process, was similar in both age groups, but rats exposed to EQ as weanlings also suffered from extensive papillary necrosis. Male rats were more prone than females to proteinuria, which was greatly exacerbated by EQ in both age groups. Thus there is very little evidence of nephrotoxicity in adult female rats on exposure to EQ at 0.5% in the diet for 26 weeks. In males, the initial age of the animal, as well as the length of treatment, influences the extent of damage.     

DNA damage induced by ethoxyquin in human peripheral lymphocytes

Ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, EQ) is widely used in various food products and in animal feeds because of its powerful antioxidant activity. This compound was recently found to cause not only many unfavourable side-effects in animals fed with feeds containing it, but also adverse effects in people exposed to it at work. In the present study, DNA damage induced by EQ in human lymphocytes has been assessed. The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) was used to measure DNA damage. The cells were treated for 1 h with EQ doses ranging from 1 to 250 microM in the absence or in the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (S9mix). The obtained results showed that EQ-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner; the observed DNA fragmentation induced by EQ in the presence of metabolic activation system was always significantly lower, as compared to cells treated with the same doses of EQ alone.     

Accumulation of ethoxyquin in the tissue

Ethoxyquin (EQ) residue levels in the mouse tissue were determined by the HPLC-fluorometric detection method. Mice were given powdered feed containing 0, 0.125, and 0.5% EQ HCl and the EQ residue levels in liver, kidney, lung, and brain tissues were determined after 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 wk (4 mice/group). The tissue samples were homogenized in 10 volumes (w/v) of acetonitrile-water (7:3, v/v), centrifuged, and the supernatants were stored in a freezer for 2-3 h or until the two layers separated; then the clear upper layers were analyzed. The mean EQ residue levels in the tissue ranged 0.84-4.58 micrograms EQ/g liver and 0.11-0.92 micrograms EQ/g brain. The relative weight of the liver (5.21-7.07% body weight) and the hepatic glutathione level (5.99-7.83 microM GSH/g tissue) of mice that received EQ were significantly higher than those of the controls (4.67-5.05% body weight and 4.30-5.78 microM GSH/g tissue, respectively). The mean hepatic mitochondrial glutathione level of the higher EQ feeding group, following dietary administration of EQ for 14 wk, was approximately twofold (1.68 nM GSH/mg protein) of both the control and the lower EQ feeding groups (0.83 and 0.74 nM GSH/mg protein, respectively).